Jewn.
/dʒuː/, U.S. /dʒu/ 1.
a. A member of a people whose traditional religion is Judaism and who trace their origins through the ancient Hebrew people of Israel to Abraham; a follower or adherent of Judaism.The term usually refers to Jewish people from the period of the Babylonian exile and diaspora of the 6th cent. b.c. onwards, though it may occasionally refer to those ancient Hebrew or Israelite peoples whose scriptures and traditions form the basis of Jewish religion and culture (sometimes with the specific sense, ‘a Judean’). See note in etymology, and cf. Hebrew n. 1a, Israelite n. 1.black Jew, Conservative Jew, Hellenistic Jew: see the first elements.
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society > faith > sect > Judaism > [noun] > person
Jewa1225
synagogistc1662
sabbatizer1683
smouse1705
smouch1765
sheeny1824
Yahudi1858
Hebraist1879
Hymie1956
SJM1975
the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > Semite > [noun] > Jew
JudeishOE
Judew?a1160
Jewa1225
Jew mana1382
Israelitec1384
Hebrewc1450
Hebraean1509
Christ-killer1532
Hebrician1542
Jacobinea1625
Shylock1786
Jew boy1796
sheeny1824
ikey1836
Moses1844
Yahudi1858
Yiddisher1859
Yid1874
Semite1881
mocky1893
kike1901
five-to-two1914
Jewy1914
shonicker1914
ikeymo1922
non-Aryan1922
non-Aryan1924
four-by-two1936
shonk1938
bagel1956
Hymie1956
mock1967
yiddo1972
a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 9 Alswa hefden þe giwis heore sinagoge.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Royal) l. 476 Ant þoledest pinen ant passiun þurh giwes read on rode.
a1275 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 38 Fforet hym com þe riche ieu þat heiste pilatus.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 35 Heȝe men..þet..sosteneþ iewes and þe caorsins.
a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 68 Ich holde me vilore þen a Gyw [rhymes bowe, trowe, now].
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3944 O sinnu etes neuer juu [Gött. ieuu, Trin. Cambr. iew].
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 291 If Cristen preestis weren Iewen preestis.
1533 J. Gau tr. C. Pedersen Richt Vay 30 Ve prech Iesu Christ crucifeit, sclander to the Iowis and folie to the gentils.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. i. 54 Whats his reason, I am a Iewe: Hath not a Iewe eyes. View more context for this quotation
1622 R. Sanderson Two Serm. Boston i. 2 In Rome there liued in the Apostles times many Iewes.
1710 tr. B. Telles Trav. Jesuits in Ethiopia i. viii. 38 Betwixt the Emperor's Dominions and the Cafres..there are still many of these Jews, whom they there call Falaxas, which signifies, Strangers.
1795 E. Wynne Diary 29 July in Wynne Diaries (1935) II. iii. 39 I went in the morning to see a Jewish matrimony... There were many people to see this ceremony, the Jews gave a breakfast.
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Passover-bread, Passover-cake, a thin unleavened cake, used among the Jews at the festival of the Passover.
1912 H. W. C. Newte Ealing Miracle xvii. 216 Mr. Lazarus..was a non-practising Jew and worked on Saturdays.
1942 News Chron. 5 Dec. 2/2 Nothing else in Hitler's record is comparable to his treatment of the Jews...The word has gone forth that..the Jewish peoples are to be exterminated...The conscience of humanity stands aghast.
1991 Internat. Jrnl. Refugee Law 3 244 Differences in attitude were apparent between ethnic groups, for example, between Ashkenazic and Sephardic Jews.
2004 V. J. Cheng Inauthentic v. 96 According to halachah.., a person's legal status as a Jew is based on matrilineal lineage.
b. offensive. A hostile or contemptuous term for: a Jewish person, esp. one regarded stereotypically as scheming or excessively concerned with making or saving money; (also) a non-Jewish person regarded in this way.This and related senses (see e.g. Jew v. 1, Jewish adj. 2) reflect the widespread anti-Semitism and oppression experienced by Jewish people in predominantly Christian and Muslim societies before emancipation movements of the late 18th to 20th centuries. In medieval Europe Jewish people were commonly subject to legal restrictions including being barred from all occupations except peddling and moneylending (a practice historically forbidden to Christians and Muslims), leading to prejudice and stereotyping.
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the mind > possession > retaining > niggardliness or meanness > [noun] > niggard or mean person > of the worst kind
Jew1508
hood-pick?a1513
miser?1577
share-penny1606
flay-flint1672
skinflint1699
flint1841
skin1900
tight-ass1969
1508 W. Kennedy Flyting (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems W. Dunbar (1998) I. 217 Iudas, Iow, iuglour, Lollard laureate.
1606 G. Chapman Sir Gyles Goosecappe v. sig. H3 If the sunne of thy bewtie, doe not white me like a shippards holland I am a Iewe to my Creator.
1700 S. Patrick Comm. Deut. xxviii. 507 Better we cannot express the most cut-throat dealing, than thus, You use me like a Jew.
1830 S. T. Coleridge Table-talk 16 May Jacob is a regular Jew, and practises all sorts of tricks and wiles.
c1861 E. Dickinson Poems (1955) I. 160 'Twould be ‘a Bargain’ for a Jew! Say—may I have it—Sir?
1920 T. S. Eliot Ara Vos Prec 14 The jew is underneath the lot. Money in furs.
1931 T. R. G. Lyell Slang, Phrase & Idiom Colloq. Eng. 428 Why waste your time asking him for a subscription? He's a perfect Jew where money's concerned.
1999 Independent 1 Feb. ii. 4/5 James needed to borrow some money from Stephen so asked him for £10. Stephen only offered to lend him five. Then came the shock. James said, as if it were no big deal: ‘Stephen, don't be a Jew.’
2.
a. With the. (A name for) an itinerant trader; a pedlar (whether Jewish or not). Now rare.For the historic association between Jewish people and peddling, see note at sense 1b.
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society > trade and finance > selling > seller > [noun] > itinerant or pedlar
pedder1166
pedlar1307
dustyfoota1400
tranter1500
hawker1510
jagger?1518
jowter1550
pedder-coffec1550
pedderman1552
petty chapman1553
swadder1567
packman1571
merchant1572
swigman1575
chapman?1593
aginator1623
crier1727
duffer1735
Jew pedlar1743
fogger1800
Jew1803
box wallah1826
packie1832
cadger1840
jolter1841
pack-pedlar1859
knocker1934
doorstepper1976
machinga1993
1803 G. Colman John Bull iii. ii. 43 Here's two poets, and a Poll parrot, the best image the Jew had over his head, over the mantle-piece.
1963 ‘E. McBain’ Ten Plus One (1964) iv. 42 There was a guy who used to come around to the door selling stuff, and my mother called him ‘The Jew’... For her, ‘Jew’ was synonymous with pedlar.
1970 J. H. Gray Boy from Winnipeg 43 For us, however, ‘Jew’ was just another generic word that often included the peddlers who were Greek or Italian. When we scrounged bottles it was to sell to ‘the Jew’, who was anybody that came along buying junk.
2004 A. Mohr & G. Mohr Poverty's Child 53 My Mother-in-law had an account with a salesman that sold you things like furniture, clothes etc. He came by the same day every week and collected money on what you bought. He was called The Jew. He really was Jewish.
b. Nautical and Navy slang. A ship's tailor. Cf. Jewing n.3 Now rare or disused.Tailoring was a common occupation among Jewish people in the late 19th to mid 20th centuries.
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the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > [noun] > tailor > other tailors
merchant tailor1533
cardower1825
springer-up1851
whip-the-cat1851
Jew1916
1916 Chambers's Jrnl. May 278/2 They [sc. ships' tailors] were still known as ‘jews’.
1946 J. Irving Royal Navalese 100 A sailor-tailor is known as a ‘Jew’.
3. Australian colloquial. A jewfish, esp. the mulloway, Argyrosomus japonicus. Cf. jewfish n. 2b.
ΚΠ
1882 Sydney Mail 9 Dec. 1052/2 Fish... Eels, 1s. to 1s. 6d. each; jews, 1s. to 4s. 6d. each;..kingfish, 1s. each.
1927 ‘S. Rudd’ Romance of Runnibede iv. 35 Many a huge cod, and swags of jew were hauled out of it.
1987 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) (Nexis) 13 Mar. Fresh water brings down a veritable smorgasbord for jew in the form of small fish, prawns, squid and other delicacies.
2011 G. Brown How to catch Australia's Favourite Saltwater Fish vi. 84/1 Young adults (school jew, say 60 to 100 cm in length) are common in the lower rivers and embayments in the months of September and October.
Phrases
P1. as rich as a Jew: extremely rich. Now offensive and somewhat rare.With reference to anti-Semitic stereotypes; see note at sense 1b.
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1683 Whigs laid Open (single sheet) I hope..Jack Ketch will be more Expert, And in time be as Rich as a Jew.
a1796 S. Pegge Anonymiana (1809) 190 We are apt to say, in a proverbial way, ‘as rich as a Jew’; but the Jews, take them in general, are not a rich people.
1820 Ld. Byron Blues i. 77 You forget Lady Lilac's as rich as a Jew.
1956 I. Murdoch Flight from Enchanter ix. 126 ‘Of course, you realize that I could rescue you with my little finger,’ said Mrs Wingfield. ‘I'm as rich as a Jew!’
2014 H. Jacobson in Independent (Nexis) 11 Jan. 45 Anelka.., whichever way you look at it, has become as rich as a Jew on transfer fees (and don't dare smear me with the charge of anti-Semitism: I am not an anti-Semite).
P2. King of the Jews: (a title of or name for) Jesus Christ. [After post-classical Latin rex Iudaeorum (Vulgate), itself after Hellenistic Greek βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων (New Testament).] The title occurs in all four Gospels, first in the Nativity narrative (Matthew 2:2; compare quots. c1275, a1425), and subsequently in the Passion narrative, where Pilate is said to have affixed the inscription INRI (Latin Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum ‘Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews’) to the Cross above Jesus's head (compare John 19:19, and also Matthew 27:37, Mark 15:26, and Luke 23:37).
ΚΠ
c1275 Kentish Serm. in J. Hall Select. Early Middle Eng. (1920) I. 214 Hi..askede wer was se king of gyus þet was i bore.
a1425 (?a1350) Gospel of Nicodemus (Galba) (1907) l. 568 (MED) Þai asked whare þe king of iews was born and till him ofrandes broght.
c1450 Speculum Christiani (Harl. 6580) (1933) 160 (MED) Hayl..Ihesu Criste..kynge of Iues, wey of swetnes, [etc.].
1673 E. Stillingfleet Serm. i. viii. 145 The Elogium of his Cross, Jesus of Nazareth King of the Jews.
1836 Illustr. of New Test. ‘The Crucifixion’ Having crucified him between two common thieves, an inscription was fixed over his head, at the command of Pilate, Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews;—it was written in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin.
1993 Times 11 Dec. 17/5 ‘Judge not that ye be not judged’ is hardly a maxim which the King of the Jews applied to himself or his Father.
2011 L. G. Fennell I must tell Jesus xliii. 389 Jesus isn't only the King of the Jews but he is king of all nations.
Compounds
C1. With other nouns, with the sense ‘that is a Jewish person’, as in Jew agitator, Jew broker, Jew physician, Jew merchant, etc. Now chiefly derogatory and offensive.In early use sometimes used as a simple designation without specific derogatory intent (though often in depreciative contexts). Jewish is the more acceptable equivalent term.In some cases, esp. in later use, Jew could instead be interpreted as an adjective.
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a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) II. 84 And crucify his Saviour worse Than those Jew-Troopers, that threw out, When they were raffling for his coat.
1731 Gentleman's Mag. Sept. 403/1 Dr. Bass, a noted Jew Physician in St Mary Axe.
1779 St. James's Chron. 30 Oct. The Jew Brokers, who frighten weak-minded Stockholders with some bloody bad News, and then pick their Pockets.
1834 Tait's Edinb. Mag. New Ser. 1 390/1 The vitals are eaten out of Old England by subsidies, loan-contractors, and Jew-jobbers.
1843 T. B. Macaulay Let. 7 Sept. in Sel. Lett. (1982) 202 A street like those occupied by Jew clothesmen in Wapping.
1917 T. S. Eliot Let. 31 Oct. (1988) I. 206 Burnham is a Jew merchant, named Lawson (sc. Levi-sohn?).
1996 E. A. Proulx Accordion Crimes (1997) 114 When a klezmer band arrived in town.., the sheriff told them to keep traveling, no Jew agitators wanted in Prank.
2003 I. Bashiri tr. I. Soatov in From Hymns of Zarathustra to Songs of Borbad ii. 212 There were physicians from Greece, Rome, India working here and a lot of Jew physicians too.
C2. In the names of animals and plants.
a. With the first element in singular form.† Jew frankincense n. Obsolete rare the bark of plants of the genus Styrax, which yields an aromatic resin used in incense.Cf. Jew's frankincense n. at Compounds 2b.
Jew bush n. a tropical American spurge, Euphorbia tithymaloides, previously used medicinally for its emetic properties and now cultivated as a garden plant for its bright red flowers. [Perhaps so called because it was said to grow especially in Jewish cemeteries in Caribbean islands.]
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > spurges and allies > [noun]
physic nut1657
milk-bush1696
milk-tree1698
poison-bush1740
jatropha1754
milky-hedge1773
milk hedge1780
chandelier plant1827
Jew bush1830
candelabrum1834
poinsettia1836
slipper-plant1848
coquillo1851
zebra poison1871
oil tree1879
picture-tree1885
slipper spurs1887
monkey fiddle1913
milk plant1965
stringwood-
1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 105 The Jew Bush, or Milk plant.
1923 P. C. Standley Trees & Shrubs Mexico (Contrib. U.S. Herbarium Vol. 23, Pt. 3) 605 Pedilanthus tithymaloides... The plant is sometimes cultivated under the names ‘slipper-plant’, ‘bird-cactus’, ‘redbird cactus’, and ‘Jew-bush’.
2017 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 4 Nov. (Forum section) 33 There's the Jew-Bush, which is ‘a tropical American plant with powerful emetic properties’—and I know ‘emetic’ sounds positive, I know it sounds healing, but I checked it up and it means ‘vomiting’, so basically this is a Semitic spewing shrub.
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the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [noun] > fragrant substance or perfume > plants and extracts used for > woods and barks
sandalwood?c1510
exilila1517
sandal1526
Aspalathus1601
Jew frankincense1678
malambo1816
lign-aloes1859
1678 W. Salmon tr. Pharmacopœia Londinensis i. ii. 23/1 Thuris, Thymiama, Of Frankincense, Or Jew frankincense, because they use it for fumes.
Jew lizard n. Australian any of several large Australian agamid lizards; spec. the Eastern bearded dragon, Pogona barbata, which has spiny scales on its throat thought to resemble a beard.
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the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Lacertilia (lizards) > [noun] > family Agamidae (dragon lizards) > member of
bloodsucker1797
agamian1831
Jew lizard1833
agamoid1865
agamid1878
water dragon1908
the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Lacertilia (lizards) > [noun] > family Agamidae (dragon lizards) > member of genus Amphibolurus (racehorse lizard)
Jew lizard1833
grammatophore1845
bloodsucker1852
racehorse lizard1923
1833 W. H. Breton Excursions New S. Wales iv. 266 The Jew lizard..has a membrane that it can extend in such a manner as to form a complete ruff round its neck.
1953 Cairns (Queensland) Post 16 Nov. 8/9 Sleepy stump-tail lizards saunter across back tracks and frill-necked jew lizards still leer from fencing posts.
2007 S. Swanson Field Guide to Austral. Reptiles 108 The Eastern Bearded Dragon is an abundant and familiar lizard, also known as the Frilly Lizard or Jew Lizard.
Jew plum n. Jamaican the Otaheite apple Spondias dulcis; the yellow, plum-like fruit of this tree.Also called June plum. [The semantic motivation for the name is unclear.]
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > tropical exotic fruit > other tropical or exotic fruits
tamarind1539
guava1555
genipat1568
jack1582
genipap1613
custard apple1648
star apple1693
sweet-sop1696
breadfruit1697
sugar-apple1739
sweet-apple1760
guarri1789
ackee1792
marmalade-box1796
five-corner1826
jakkalsbessie1854
Molucca berry1861
bullock's heart1866
guava-apple1866
vegetable egg1866
Jew plum1880
1880 Gardeners' Chron. 29 May 682/2 Spondias dulcis, introduced from the Society Islands to the old Botanic Garden at Bath, from whence it has spread to many parts of the island, notably on the north side, where it has obtained the name of Jew Plum.
1983 Kingston (Jamaica) Daily Gleaner 13 Jan. 21/1 Alternate slices of avocado, jew plum and grapefruit segments.
2003 O. Senior Encycl. Jamaican Heritage 231/2 Its [sc. the Hog Plum (Spondias mombin)] close relatives are the Jew Plum (S. dulcis) and Jamaican Plum (S. purpurea) which bears sweet yellow or purple fruit.
b. With the first element in plural or genitive form.† Jew's frankincense n. (also Jews frankincense) Obsolete an aromatic resin obtained from plants of the genus Styrax; (also) a plant producing such resin.Cf. Jew frankincense n. at Compounds 2a.
Jew's apple n. (also Jews' apple) the fruit of the eggplant or aubergine, Solanum melongena; the plant itself. [Perhaps so called because the aubergine may first have been introduced to the Caribbean by Jewish people; compare quot. 1756 for brown jolly n. at brown adj. Compounds 2.]
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > fruits as vegetables > aubergine
mad-apple1578
rage apple1578
raging apple1578
raging love apple1578
verangene1587
brinjal1611
brown jolly1756
melinzane1775
melongena1785
melongene1793
aubergine1796
vegetable egg1797
egg-fruit1811
Jew's apple1838
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > fruits as vegetables > aubergine > egg-plant
eggplant1767
melongena1785
garden egg1811
Jew's apple1838
1838 G. Don Gen. Hist. Dichlamydeous Plants IV. 432/2 Melongene Egg-plant, Mad-apple, and Jews'-apple.
1849 J. C. Loudon Horticulturalist 606 The Egg plant, Mad Apple, or Jew's Apple, Solanum Melongea.., is an erect branchy annual, a native of Africa, and cultivated in British gardens for its fruit.
2017 J. Nathan King Solomon's Table 106 She picked up several eggplants,..so-called ‘Jew's apples’, there were big ones for salad, thin long ones for stuffing, and tiny ones for pickling or candying.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular tree or plant yielding useful gum or resin > [noun] > Asian > styrax tree
styrax tree1579
Benjamin tree1640
storax1694
Jew's frankincense1760
styrax1832
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > other vegetable materials > plant resin > [noun] > gum (resin) > specific
myrrheOE
balsamc1000
galbanec1000
draganta1300
sandragon1334
gum arabica1350
storaxa1382
galbanum1382
asafœtidaa1398
cinnabara1398
guttaa1398
frankincensea1400
labdanuma1400
opopanaxa1400
gum-arabicc1400
sarcocolc1400
ammoniacc1420
gristle?1537
ladanum1551
dragon's blood1555
benzoin1558
styrax1558
tragacanth1558
gum tragacanth1562
amber1565
anime1577
laser1578
benjamin1580
sarcocolla1584
bdellium1585
sagapenum1597
liquidambar1598
red gum1614
gamboge1615
laudanum1616
gum ammoniac1627
male incense1647
sandarac1655
flesh-glue1659
adragant1696
dammar1698
sagapen1712
gum-dragon1718
courbaril1753
gum-senegal1760
Jew's frankincense1760
guggul1813
angico1821
gum-kino1830
butea gum1832
piney varnish1832
Kuteera gum1838
acaroid1839
bumbo1839
thus1842
gum-juniper1844
piney dammar1846
acacine1855
mochras1856
talha1857
copalm balsam1858
gum benjamin1859
wattle-gum1863
Senegal gum1867
Suakin1874
Barbary gum1875
oliva1882
ledon1885
jatoba1890
mimosa gum1890
xylan1894
gum accroides1909
karaya1916
1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 305/2 Jew's Frankincense, Styrax.
1873 H. V. Sweringen Pharm. Lexicon 236/1 Jew's frankincense, gum styrax or benzoin.
Jew's mallow n. (also Jews mallow, Jews' mallow) any of several mallows of (or formerly included in) the genus Corchorus; spec. (a) jute mallow, C. olitorius, which yields jute and whose young shoots and leaves are eaten as a vegetable; (b) an ornamental shrub, Kerria japonica (family Rosaceae), cultivated for its golden-yellow flowers.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > yielding fibre, thatching, or basket material > [noun] > jute plant
Jew's mallow1640
jute1861
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > herb > [noun] > other herbs
maroilea1400
purslanea1400
centinode?a1425
rosemarya1425
sauce-alone1530
samphire1542
larix1548
ancoly1561
Crestmarine1565
tarragon1591
fish-basil1597
muscado1612
Jew's mallow1640
mekin1688
Tarentine1698
Shawnee salad1780
hemidesmus1809
roquette1900
the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > Asian trees or shrubs > [noun] > other Asian trees or shrubs
China-pea1660
pea tree1766
koelreuteria1789
stink-tree1795
ume1822
Java almond1824
weenonga1838
St. Thomas' tree1866
golden shower1882
Jew's mallow1884
mokihana1888
1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum ii. lxvi. 309 The Iewes Mallow (for unto that family I referre it, both for some forme like thereunto, but more for the properties) is a small low hearbe, rising up a foote and a halfe high.
1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Corchorus Jews Mallow,..sown in great Plenty about Aleppo as a Pot-herb; the Jews boiling the Leaves of this Plant to eat with their Meat.
1884 S. Wood Mod. Window Gardening 113 Kerria japonica.—This plant was formerly called Corchorus Japonica, and by some it was styled Jew's Mallow.
1887 C. A. Moloney Sketch Forestry W. Afr. 289 ‘Jews' Mallow’ or ‘Jute’ (Corchorus olitorius, L.)—Annual. This is one of the species that affords the well-known fibre of commerce called ‘Jute’.
1992 E. Arter Cottage Garden 50/2 A number of shrubs provide spring colour for a cottage garden. These include..the rich golden Jew's mallow (Kerria japonica).
2009 @monaeltahawy 2 Oct. in twitter.com (accessed 31 May 2019) Molokhiyya is also known as Jew's mallow. In the Middle East, we eat it as a soup-like dish with chicken, rabbit. It's delicious!
Jew's myrtle n. (also Jews myrtle, Jews' myrtle) (a) a variety of the common myrtle, Myrtus communis, which has leaves arranged in whorls of three rather than in pairs and is used in Jewish religious ceremonies (now rare); (b) the butcher's broom Ruscus aculeatus (cf. Jews thorn n.).
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > myrtles > [noun] > name applied to various types of myrtle
myrtle1578
Jew's myrtle1775
tea tree1790
the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > shrubs > butcher's broom > [noun]
knee-hollyc1000
butcher's broom1538
petigrew1538
horse-tongue1562
knee-holm1562
knee-hull1562
ruscus1562
double-tongue1578
prickly box1578
tongue-blade1578
ground-myrtle1601
uvularia1706
Alexandrian laurel1760
punnai1794
shepherd's myrtlec1840
Jew's myrtle1856
knee-hul-
knee-hulver-
1775 R. Weston Flora Anglicana iii. 164 Myrtus..trilatifolia... Three-leaved, or Jews Myrtle.
1856 Notes & Queries 2nd Ser. 1 432/2 In some parts of Kent it [sc. Ruscus aculeatus] is called ‘Jews' Myrtle’; and it is the popular belief, that the crown of thorns..was composed of its branches.
1894 J. C. Sawer Odorographia II. 69 Broad-leaved Jews' myrtle. This variety has its leaves frequently in threes, on which account it is said to be in esteem among the Jews in their religious ceremonies.
1998 D. Squire Healing Garden 135/2 Butcher's Broom, Ruscus aculeatus (also known as Knee Holly, Box Holly, and Jew's Myrtle), is a shrubby evergreen with pretty cherry-sized, sealing-wax-red berries.
Jews thorn n. (also Jews' thorn, Jew's thorn) any of several thorny shrubs; esp. Christ's thorn Paliurus spina-christi.
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > thorn-tree or -bush > [noun] > other thorn-trees
paliurec1384
paliurusa1398
sea-willow1548
Christ's thorn1553
buckler-thorn1562
garland-thorn1597
goat's thorn1597
Jews thorn1597
milk-vetch1597
sea-buckthorn1731
Spanish hedgehog thorn1760
sensitive briar1802
lily thorn1816
sallow thorn1847
cat-brier1875
1597 J. Gerard Herball Table Eng. Names Iewes thorne, that is Christs thorne. [ iii. 1153 This shrubbie thorne Paliurus was the thorne wherewith they crowned our Sauiour Christ.]
1678 W. Salmon tr. Pharmacopœia Londinensis 85/1 Paliurus, Jews thorn, It is drying and binding, stops fluxes.
1981 K. Krapohl tr. L. Ivo Snakes' Nest 48 One day, the succession of coral trees, Jew's thorns, and pebbles came to an end, and they arrived in the promised land, which had been green and moist.
C3. General compounds.
a. With the first element in singular form.† Jew brandy n. Obsolete a type of liquor flavoured with aniseed, formerly distilled by Jewish people in Morocco.Probably denoting a clear brandy known as mahia, distilled from figs.† Jew cart n. Obsolete rare a cart used to carry stolen goods.† Jew pedlar n. Obsolete a Jewish pedlar (cf. sense 2a).
Jew bail n. derogatory (now rare or disused) the fraudulent practice of acting as bail to a prisoner for a fee, with the intention of absconding if later called upon; a person acting in this way (cf. quot. 1819 at queer adj.2 1).The practice was formerly associated with impoverished Jewish people.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > bailing or bail > [noun] > worthless bail
Jew bail1771
straw bail1853
1771 (title) The merchant's complaint to the lawyers at the Devil. Shewing the hardships, inconveniences, and injustice, to which every honest man of property is exposed, from jew bail, sham pleas, demurrers, writs of error, and injunction bills.
1820 Times 21 Nov. He read an affidavit stating him to be a common Jew bail, and setting forth instances in which he had become bail for hire.
1935 A. J. Pollock Underworld Speaks 63/2 Jew bail, bail furnished by an insolvent person.
Jew-bait v. [after Jew-baiting n. and adj.] transitive to harass, abuse, or provoke intentionally (a Jewish person or Jewish people); to subject to Jew-baiting.
ΚΠ
1892 Sat. Rev. 18 June 700/2 [He] is always going about Jew-baiting and to Jew-bait with pen or sword.
1910 M. Fluegel Exodus, Moses, & Decalogue Legislation 252 Even in Germany it is fashionable to Jew-bait, belittle the Hebrew, set him down as an alien.
2016 Internat. N.Y. Times (Nexis) 9 Jan. 2 The main character..gets Jew-baited on live TV by a glib Russian oligarch.
Jew-baiter n. [after Jew-baiting n. and adj.] a person who engages in harassment, abuse, or intentional provocation of a Jewish person or Jewish people, or in the incitement or exploitation of anti-Semitic sentiment.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social attitudes > racial attitudes > [noun] > racism > anti-Semitism or persecution of Jews > person
Jew-hater1813
anti-Semite1880
Jew-baiter1883
1883 Pall Mall Gaz. 19 Nov. 3/1 [They] are now in full possession of the case of the German jew-baiters against the Jews.
1945 W. S. Churchill Victory (1946) 145 Julius Streicher, most notorious of Jew-baiters, was captured by the Americans.
2019 Jerusalem Post (Nexis) 26 Feb. 9 These governments..have pledged to combat antisemitism and purge Jew-baiters from their midst.
Jew-baiting n. and adj. [in use as noun after German Judenhetze Judenhetze n.] (a) n. the harassment, abuse, or intentional provocation of a Jewish person or Jewish people; the incitement or exploitation of anti-Semitic sentiment; (b) adj. of, relating to, or engaging in such behaviour.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social attitudes > racial attitudes > [noun] > racism > anti-Semitism or persecution of Jews
Jew-hating1839
Jew-baiting1867
Judenhetze1872
anti-Semiticism1880
anti-Semitism1880
Jew-hatred1881
1867 Times 27 Feb. 5/1 The people, after the fashion of mobs in Bohemia and Hungary, could not refrain from their favourite pastime of Jew baiting.
1898 Sketch 19 Oct. 566/2 To yield on the point would give the howling hounds of the Jew-baiting pack a new and possibly a victorious cry.
1939 Ann. Reg. 1938 203 The brutalities began on April 23, and it was clear that the scheme of Jew-baiting had been worked out in readiness for the ‘Anschluss’.
2006 Daily Record (Glasgow) (Nexis) 3 Nov. 51 Borat..paints his homeland as a backward, racist, women-hating, Jew-baiting domain filled with inbred idiots and trashy prostitutes.
Jew Bill n. historical in later use (a name for) any of various legislative bills designed to mitigate discrimination against Jewish people; cf. Jewish emancipation n. at Jewish adj. Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > types of laws > [noun] > relating to ethnic minorities
Fleming-lauche?c1629
black code1749
Jew Bill1753
Nuremberg Laws1937
Group Area1950
1724 Newcastle Courant 28 Mar. 4 The Lords passed the Bill relating to the Oaths. 'Tis said that a Clause mentioned in our Former, in Favour of the Jews Bill, was opposed by the A. B. of C–—, the Bp. of C–—r, and Bp. of P–—w.]
1753 Jackson's Oxf. Jrnl. 23 June I would fain know how Lord W–—n and Sir J—s D——d have distinguish'd themselves against the Jew-Bill.
1820 National Advocate (N.Y.) 17 Oct. The Editors of the National Intelligencer..have republished Mr Kennedy's speech on what was called the Jew Bill.
1865 R. Masheder Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone ii. iv. 188 Immediately after the General Election of 1847 the Jew Bill was introduced.
1907 Jewish Q. Rev. 19 773 The former Ministry..had never been really united in support of any of the numerous Jew Bills.
2014 Jerusalem Post (Nexis) 8 Jan. 15 Until Maryland's ‘Jew Bill’ passed in 1826, all public officials in that state were sworn into office with a Christian oath.
Jew boy n. derogatory and offensive a (typically young) Jewish male.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > Semite > [noun] > Jew
JudeishOE
Judew?a1160
Jewa1225
Jew mana1382
Israelitec1384
Hebrewc1450
Hebraean1509
Christ-killer1532
Hebrician1542
Jacobinea1625
Shylock1786
Jew boy1796
sheeny1824
ikey1836
Moses1844
Yahudi1858
Yiddisher1859
Yid1874
Semite1881
mocky1893
kike1901
five-to-two1914
Jewy1914
shonicker1914
ikeymo1922
non-Aryan1922
non-Aryan1924
four-by-two1936
shonk1938
bagel1956
Hymie1956
mock1967
yiddo1972
1796 P. Colquhoun Treat. Police of Metropolis vi. 133 Jew Boys..go out every morning loaded with counterfeit Copper, which they exchange for bad Shillings, to be afterwards coloured anew, and again put into circulation.
1873 A. Trollope Eustace Diamonds II. liii. 361 You used to be very wicked, and say he was once a Jew-boy in the streets.
1948 J. Baldwin in Commentary Oct. 334/2 Jules Weissman, a Jewboy, had got the room for me.
2019 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 5 Mar. a1 I've had kids throw change on the floor and say, ‘Pick it up, Jew boy.’
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > brandy > [noun] > types of brandy
Nants1653
French brandy1655
snapdragon1676
Cognac brandy1687
guildive1698
aguardiente1752
cognac1755
Armagnac1797
Jew brandy1817
pisco1825
Cape smoke1846
marc1848
fine champagne1864
burnt brandy1880
dop1889
grape-brandy1892
grappa1893
beno1903
V.S.O.P.1907
jackass brandy1909
fine1923
Napoleon brandy1930
Remy Martin1932
framboise1933
mampoer1934
witblits1934
Metaxa1938
Soberano1963
Napoleon1968
1816 M. Keatinge Trav. Europe & Afr. II. 5 The only spiritous liquor procurable in this country [sc. Morocco]..is Jew's brandy strongly impregnated with aniseed.]
1817 J. Riley Authentic Narr. Loss Amer. Brig Commerce xxvii. 202 The women..were refreshed by eating cakes, and drinking copious draughts of anniseed, Jew brandy.
1850 W. S. Mayo Berber xxvi. 300 Strong doses of Jew brandy, well spiced with aniseed.
Jew butcher n. now chiefly offensive and rare a Jewish butcher; esp. a kosher butcher.
ΚΠ
1614 S. Purchas Pilgrimage (ed. 2) ii. xix. 213 Thus you see the Iew-butcher had need be no botcher, but halfe a Physitian in Anatomizing.
1833 S. Harris Hist. & Conversion 33 The Jews must not eat any flesh meat whatsoever unless the animal has been killed by a Jew butcher, and in the Jewish way.
1912 E. Hofer Jack Norton vi. 109 The big fat Jew butcher had a heart of gold.
a1962 E. L. Wallant in D. D. Galloway Edward Lewis Wallant (1979) iv. 65 The girl's Polish father talks about getting money from the ‘Jew butcher’.
ΚΠ
1840 F. Marryat Poor Jack xviii. 127 Then we have what we call Jew Carts, always ready to take [stolen] goods inland, where they will not be looked after.
Jewcraft n. derogatory and offensive conduct or behaviour stereotypically regarded as characteristic of Jewish people.
ΚΠ
1769 J. Shebbeare Lydia (ed. 2) I. xxxi. 274 [He] must have had this jew-craft among his reasons for endeavouring to naturalize the Jews.
1839 United Service Mag. Feb. 255 Many of these faithful fellows were victims of the Jew-craft which gave them the handsome consideration of four years' purchase.
1901 Musical Times 1 Sept. 594/1 Glasenapp tells us that Wagner found the musical press of St. Petersburg and Moscow untainted by Jewcraft (Judenschaft).
2012 @gmskarka 30 Nov. in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) Damn it, now I want a knish. Try to find one in Kansas, you risk get[ting] burned at the stake for practicing ‘Jewcraft’.
Jew-free adj. [after German judenfrei (end of the 19th cent. or earlier; frequent during the years of the Nazi regime, 1933–45)] characterized by the absence of Jewish people.
ΚΠ
1898 Pall Mall Gaz. 22 Oct. 4/3 In one [school in Vienna] there are mixed and ‘Jew-free’ classes; in another the Semites are at one end, the Gentiles at the other.
1939 Jewish Veteran Nov. 7/2 Authorities have told the Jewish community that Vienna must be ‘Jew-free’ by March 1, 1940.
2018 Stanford Daily (Stanford Univ., Calif.) (Nexis) 25 June 1 Never is heard a word about..the 200,000 Jewish Israelis who will lose their homes as the Palestinian ‘Jew free’ West Bank state is established.
Jew girl n. derogatory and offensive a (typically young) Jewish female.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > Semite > [noun] > Jew > woman
Jewessc1390
Hebrewess1535
Jew girl1796
1796 E. Wynne Diary 11 Dec. in A. Fremantle Wynne Diaries (1937) II. ix. 139 Before having ever seen us she declared that we were all excepting the youngest, like little crows and Jew girls.
1930 E. Pound Draft of XXX Cantos x. 45 Wives, jew-girls, nuns.
1996 Daily Mirror (Nexis) 11 Nov. At school, in London's East End, she was taunted as ‘Becky the Jew-girl!’
Jew-hater n. a person who hates Jewish people; an anti-Semitic person.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social attitudes > racial attitudes > [noun] > racism > anti-Semitism or persecution of Jews > person
Jew-hater1813
anti-Semite1880
Jew-baiter1883
1813 Antigallican Monitor 8 Aug. 1070/1 When was a Jewess guilty of adultery? Let the Jew-haters of the Morning Post and Herald look to this.
1935 Evening Tel. & Post (Dundee) 26 July 4/5 Miss Mitford adds, ‘I am a Jew hater.’
2006 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 1 Aug. 13 As letters editor, I am accustomed to receiving a small but steady stream of racist mail from a tiny handful of rabid Jew-haters.
Jew-hatred n. hatred of Jewish people; anti-Semitism; cf. Jew-hating n.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social attitudes > racial attitudes > [noun] > racism > anti-Semitism or persecution of Jews
Jew-hating1839
Jew-baiting1867
Judenhetze1872
anti-Semiticism1880
anti-Semitism1880
Jew-hatred1881
1881 Dublin Evening Tel. 5 Jan. German Jew hatred... The author..maintains that the causes of the Judenhetze in Germany are exclusively social and in no degree religious.
1918 Pennsylvania Gaz. 22 Mar. 654/2 Jew-hatred runs through history in a practically unbroken current back to the beginning of the Christian era.
2018 Toronto Star (Nexis) 30 Oct. a11 One would have hoped that following the Holocaust, the world would have been shaken out of its Jew hatred.
Jew joke n. a joke making fun of Jewish people; cf. Jewish joke n. at Jewish adj. Compounds.
ΚΠ
1896 Critic (N.Y.) 15 Feb. 106/2 There are the Jew joke, the tramp joke, the Irish joke..—a weary treadmill indeed for the humorist to tread.
1944 Chicago Defender 11 Mar. 13/4 When I remember the agony of lynched Jews in Germany..I can't laugh at ‘Jew jokes’.
2006 N. R. L. Atkinson Jewish Identity Devel. in College (Ph.D. diss., State Univ. N.Y. at Buffalo) vi. 163 A lot of my friends make Jew jokes... I get cheap jokes and nose jokes and some that don't make any sense at all.
Jew-looking adj. now chiefly derogatory and offensive having an appearance (stereotypically) regarded as characteristic of a Jewish person.
ΚΠ
1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker I. 45 There was a Jew-looking man, that plied at the Wells with a box of spectacles.
1845 Sportsman's Mag. 6 Sept. 302/1 A Jew-looking gentleman named John Morris.
2012 @dogemanx 13 July in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) Apparently I'm a ‘Jew-looking business type’. Sorry probably coked up lady at the h2o show, I won't be your showbiz manager.
Jew man n. in later use chiefly derogatory and offensive a Jewish man; (formerly also) a moneylender; a pedlar.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > Semite > [noun] > Jew
JudeishOE
Judew?a1160
Jewa1225
Jew mana1382
Israelitec1384
Hebrewc1450
Hebraean1509
Christ-killer1532
Hebrician1542
Jacobinea1625
Shylock1786
Jew boy1796
sheeny1824
ikey1836
Moses1844
Yahudi1858
Yiddisher1859
Yid1874
Semite1881
mocky1893
kike1901
five-to-two1914
Jewy1914
shonicker1914
ikeymo1922
non-Aryan1922
non-Aryan1924
four-by-two1936
shonk1938
bagel1956
Hymie1956
mock1967
yiddo1972
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Esther ii. 5 Þer was forsoþe a Jew man in þe cite of susis mardocheus by name..þe whiche was þe nurse of þe doȝter of his broþer edisse.
1696 C. Ness 4th Vol. Sacred Hist.& Myst. New-Test. i. x. 43 Oh Glorious condescension, not only that being a Jew-man should ask Drink of a Samaritan Woman,..but also that He..should thus wait here upon a poor Woman for a draught of Water.
1768 Trial F. Calvert 30 The little Jew man..was sent with the letter that I wrote.
1824 J. Galt Rothelan II. v. iii. 201 Tak tent how ye bargain wi' the Jewmen.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xii. [Cyclops] 327 I'll brain that bloody jewman for using the holy name.
1985 M. Johnston Around Banks of Pimlico 114 My mother's last involvement with the jew-men was when she borrowed for my Confirmation from Mr Glick.
2018 @ThatSchoolcraft 18 Mar. in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) Who remembers those two old Jew men in the balcony of the Muppet Show?
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > selling > seller > [noun] > itinerant or pedlar
pedder1166
pedlar1307
dustyfoota1400
tranter1500
hawker1510
jagger?1518
jowter1550
pedder-coffec1550
pedderman1552
petty chapman1553
swadder1567
packman1571
merchant1572
swigman1575
chapman?1593
aginator1623
crier1727
duffer1735
Jew pedlar1743
fogger1800
Jew1803
box wallah1826
packie1832
cadger1840
jolter1841
pack-pedlar1859
knocker1934
doorstepper1976
machinga1993
1743 Daily Post 9 July 1/3 Early yesterday Morning one Moses Gabrier, a Jew Pedlar..was found robb'd and murder'd in St. George's-Fields.
1851 M. Lissack Jewish Perseverance 30 I heard him..address a poor Jew pedlar, who was in the habit of leaving his uncomfortable home very early to visit the neighbouring villages.
1919 J. Cournos Mask vi. 199 He knew what it was to be a Jew pedlar, the object of ridicule and reviling.
Jew toll n. historical a toll formerly levied on Jewish people for travelling between certain places or areas.More usually known as the Leibzoll. The toll originated in the Holy Roman Empire and was imposed in most European states from the Middle Ages to the beginning of the 19th century.
ΚΠ
1813 Antigallican Monitor 8 Aug. 1070/2 At this place there was formerly a Jew-toll.
1893 D. Philpson in J. H. Barrows World's Parl. Relig. I. 361 The Jew could not travel from place to place without paying the Jew-toll.
1989 P. Kahn Stitch in Time i. 19 When Jews traveled out of ghettos in some areas, the government leveled ‘Jew Tolls’.
b. With the first element in plural or genitive form.† Jew's letter n. Obsolete a text inscribed in Hebrew on a phylactery, regarded as the outward symbol or badge of a Jewish person.† Jews' lime n. Obsolete asphalt (asphalt n. 1a), bitumen; cf. Jews'-slime n. [With the semantic motivation compare Jews' pitch n. Compare Dutch jodenlijms (1569 in the passage translated in quot. 1579).] † Jews'-slime n. [compare slime n. 1b and the etymological note at Jews' pitch n., and also earlier Jews' lime n.] Obsolete rare asphalt (asphalt n. 1a), bitumen; cf. slime n. 1b, Jews' lime n.
Jew's eye n. now chiefly historical and rare (used proverbially for) something valued highly; esp. in worth a Jew's eye: worth a great deal; very valuable.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > worth > [noun] > thing of worth
treasurec1200
margaritea1325
druery1340
store1410
relica1425
gemc1560
Jew's eye1593
worthy1598
wealth1650
gold dust1690
nugget1853
white gold1921
1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 85 A souerain Rule, as deare as a Iewes eye.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice ii. v. 42 There will come a Christian by will be worth a Iewes eye . View more context for this quotation
1786 Leeds Intelligencer 28 Mar. It is very common for people, in speaking of any thing valuable, to say 'tis worth a Jew's eye.
1848 W. H. Maxwell Brian O'Linn xiv. 102/1 I dreaded what was to come, and would have given a Jew's eye to have been safe in my sanctum.
1950 Citizen (Gloucester) 22 June 4/3 The phrase ‘Worth a Jew's eye’ which is used to signify anything of great value probably comes to us from the days of King John, who extorted large sums of money from the Jews under threat of mutilation.
Jews' houses n. English regional (Cornwall) (now historical and rare) (a name for) the remains of ancient tin-smelting furnaces in Cornwall; cf. Jews' tin n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > [noun] > furnaces for melting or refining metals > for roasting or calcining ores > for tin ore
Jews' houses1814
burning-house1849
1814 Royal Cornwall Gaz. 26 Feb. Jew's houses, which bear indubitable marks of their once being appropriated to the purpose of smelting Tin.
1905 Trans. Soc. Engineers 1904 191 It was supposed that, when the Phœnicians came to Cornwall for tin, the Jews had the conduct of all the negotiations... From time to time remains of furnaces called ‘Jew's houses’ have been discovered.
2004 Times 10 Apr. (Weekend Review section) 6/4 For centuries the smelting houses of the tinners were known as ‘Jew's houses’.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > artefacts > lay garments > items of attire > [noun] > phylactery > text inscribed on
Jew's letter1590
1590 R. Harvey Plaine Percevall sig. D3v Iewes letter scrible scrable ouer the Copurtenaunce of a mans countenaunce.
1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes A fouler blot then a Iewes letter..in the foreheads of Cælius and Curio.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > hydrocarbon minerals > [noun] > bitumen > asphalt
asphalt1366
glue1382
botemayc1400
pitcha1425
bitumena1464
slime1530
Jews' lime1543
Jews' pitch1562
Jews'-slime1640
tar1747
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > mineral material > mineral and fossil resins > [noun] > bitumen or pitch > asphalt
asphalt1366
pitcha1425
bitumena1464
Jews' lime1543
Jews' pitch1562
Jews'-slime1640
1543 B. Traheron Interpr. Straunge Wordes in tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. sig. &&iii/1 Whyche name sygnifiethe a thynge compounde of pytche, and the Iues lyme.
1579 G. Gilpin tr. P. van Marnix van Sant Aldegonde Bee Hiue of Romishe Church 333 Here vnder you may also mingle some Iewes lime [Du. Jodenlijms], or Bitumen, which is a verie tough and cleauing substance, wherewithall the citie and Towre of Babylon was wont to be bound and it is drawen out of the poole and dead sinke of Sodom and Gomorre.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 188 Iewes lime drunk in water..prescribed for a remedy of this euill.
1854 in T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais Wks. (new ed.) 374 (note) That is, a certain stuff like pitch, being the substance of embalmed bodies, from Arabia; or else made of Jews lime, a bitumen so called.
Jews' money n. English regional (historical and rare in later use) any ancient coin or coins found or dug up in some parts of England.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > classical coins > [noun] > ancient Roman > as found or dug up
Jews' money1577
swine penny1610
1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. ii. xvii. f. 92v/2 in R. Holinshed Chron. I Some peeces or other are dayly taken vppe, which they call borowe pence, dwarfes mony,..Iewes money, and by other foolishe names not woorthie to be remembred.
1968 H. L. V. Fletcher Portrait Wye Valley xiv. 103 This story of coins being found is constantly heard. At Hay the name for it was ‘Jews' money’.
Jews' pitch n. now chiefly historical asphalt (asphalt n. 1a), bitumen; cf. Jews' lime n. [After classical Latin bitumen Iudaicum, itself after Hellenistic Greek ἄσϕαλτος Ἱουδαϊκή (Galen). Apparently so called because the substance is found in large quantities in the vicinity of the Dead Sea (formerly called the Asphaltite Lake (see asphaltite adj.) or the Asphaltic Lake (see asphaltic adj.) on account of this fact: compare quot. 1816).]
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > hydrocarbon minerals > [noun] > bitumen > asphalt
asphalt1366
glue1382
botemayc1400
pitcha1425
bitumena1464
slime1530
Jews' lime1543
Jews' pitch1562
Jews'-slime1640
tar1747
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > mineral material > mineral and fossil resins > [noun] > bitumen or pitch > asphalt
asphalt1366
pitcha1425
bitumena1464
Jews' lime1543
Jews' pitch1562
Jews'-slime1640
1562 W. Bullein Bk. Compoundes f. xxxjv in Bulwarke of Defence Wilde Aspaltum, which is a thing compounded, and made of Iewes, Pitche, Castor, Opopanax, Galbanum, Mummy, Centaurie, Aristologia longa, wilde yelowe Carettes, ana.℈.i. of Honie.
1756 P. Browne Civil & Nat. Hist. Jamaica ii. i. 40 Asphaltum, Jew's Pitch.
1816 tr. P. F. Tingry Painter & Varnisher's Guide (ed. 2) 1 Asphaltum..issues in a liquid form from the bottom of the lake Asphaltis in Judæa; and hence the name of Jew's pitch [Fr. Bitume de Judée].
2009 Green Mountains Rev. i. 82 Bitumen of Judea or, vulgarly, Jew's pitch Upon a pewter plate.
Jew's poker n. now rare a non-Jewish person employed to light or tend fires for Jewish people on the Sabbath (a task included under Jewish religious law in the prohibition against work on the Sabbath); cf. Shabbos goy n.
ΚΠ
1891 Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper 17 May 11/4 Jane Marshall..used to get her living lighting the Jews' fires on Saturdays. She was what is known as a ‘Jews' poker.’
1974 F. Ross Oreo (2000) xiii. 172 She's a Jew's poker. Take care the sinnygogue fo' 'em on Sat'd'ys.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > hydrocarbon minerals > [noun] > bitumen > asphalt
asphalt1366
glue1382
botemayc1400
pitcha1425
bitumena1464
slime1530
Jews' lime1543
Jews' pitch1562
Jews'-slime1640
tar1747
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > mineral material > mineral and fossil resins > [noun] > bitumen or pitch > asphalt
asphalt1366
pitcha1425
bitumena1464
Jews' lime1543
Jews' pitch1562
Jews'-slime1640
1640 tr. J. A. Comenius Janua Linguarum Reserata (new ed.) x. §104 Salt-peter, brimstone, Jews-slime, petrol,..are called minerall juices.
Jews' tin n. English regional (Cornwall) (now historical and rare) any lump or lumps of tin found on the sites of ancient tin-smelting furnaces in Cornwall; cf. Jews' houses n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > base metal > [noun] > tin > lumps of tin found in furnaces
Jews' tin1828
1828 London Mag. May 198 In the Cornish mines, fragments of a peculiar sort of tin are, to this day, known to the miners by the name of Jews' tin, derived from some remote tradition that these shafts were actually worked by that people.
1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. I. 162 In the reign of King John, the mines [were] principally in the hands of the Jews..remains of furnaces, called Jews' houses, have been discovered, and small blocks of tin, known as Jews' tin, have..been found in the mining localities.
1908 D. Raeburn Hoodman Grey iii. 33 The old smelting-houses are still called Jews' houses, and blocks of Jews' tin are constantly found.
2014 R. Hayman Holy Grail & Holy Thorn ix. 111 Old specimens of metal were Jew's Tin.
Derivatives
ˈJew-like adv. and adj. often derogatory and offensive (a) adv. in a manner (stereotypically) regarded as characteristic of a Jewish person; (b) adj. (stereotypically) characteristic of a Jewish person.
ΚΠ
1604 H. Broughton Aduert. Corrupt. Handling Relig. sig. K3 Iewes & Gentiles hold that Ismaels mocking of Isaaks is the beginning: which some referre Iewlike to Isaaks birth.
1688 J. Whalley Præcognita Astrologica 7 No state but Ruine can satisfy their Jew-like desires.
1808 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 13 172 Through the means of a jew-like commerce with the revolted slaves.
1906 F. J. Stimson In Cure of her Soul xlvii. 422 Markoff,..said Radnor, ‘nosing around, Jewlike..’, had discovered, in London, a thirst for brewing properties.
2014 M. Birchwood & M. Dimmock in A. Hadfield et al. Ashgate Res. Compan. Pop. Culture Early Mod. Eng. xiii. 218 An assertion of their Jew-like qualities.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
Jewv.
/dʒuː/, U.S. /dʒu/ colloquial.
1. transitive. To get or try to get the better of (a person) by charging too much or paying too little; to cheat or swindle (out of something); (occasionally) to haggle over (something). offensive.In this and other senses with reference to anti-Semitic stereotypes; cf. Jew n. 1b and note.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > bargaining > bargain [verb (intransitive)]
bargain1525
hucka1529
hucker1548
dodge1568
blockc1570
pelt1579
hack1587
haggle1589
to beat the bargain1591
to beat the market1591
huckster1593
niffera1598
badger1600
scotch1601
palter1611
cheapen1620
higgle1633
tig-tag1643
huckle1644
chaffer1693
chaffer1725
dicker1797
niffer1815
Jew1825
hacker1833
banter1835
higgle-haggle1841
hondle1921
wheel and deal1961
society > trade and finance > bargaining > bargain over [verb (transitive)]
bargain1483
to make a (also one's) mart1562
to make a (also one's) market of1579
huckster1642
needle1819
Jew1825
pricea1845
the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > treat cunningly [verb (transitive)] > circumvent or overreach
overgoc1275
circumvene1526
circumvent1564
undercreep1592
overreach1594
circuit1614
out-juggle1620
outwit?1630
out-plot1648
overwit1671
Cretizea1673
outjockey1714
to steal a march1771
to get over ——1784
Jew1825
outfox1872
outsmart1926
blindside1968
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > treat fraudulently, cheat [verb (transitive)] > outwit, get the better of
undergoa1325
circumvene1526
crossbitec1555
circumvent1564
gleek1577
outreach1579
fob1583
overreach1594
fub1600
encompassa1616
out-craftya1616
out-knave1648
mump1649
jockey1708
come1721
nail1735
slew1813
Jew1825
to sew up1837
to play (it) low down (on)1864
outfox1872
beat1873
outcraft1879
to get a beat on1889
old soldier1892
to put one over1905
to get one over on1912
to get one over1921
outsmart1926
shaft1959
1825 Constitutional Adv. (Frankfort, Kentucky) 15 Dec. 3/1 We hope, for the honour and character of the state, that neither the legislature nor the people, will Jew the items of expence.
1833 L. Dow Dealings of God (1849) 189 If they [sc. the Jews] will Jew people, they cannot flourish among Yankees, who are said to ‘out-jew’ them in trading.
1847 W. Irving Let. 30 Apr. in Life & Lett. (1864) IV. i. 7 Some mode of screwing and jewing the world out of more interest than one's money is entitled to.
1919 Jrnl. Switchmen's Union N. Amer. May 292/1 The commission..figured that he was only Jewing them anyway. You know the Jew asks more than he really expects.
1946 W. G. Hammond Remembrance of Amherst 121 Both here and at the mountain top we were unmercifully jewed for all the refreshments.
2000 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 14 June a1 An associate of Mr. Cobb's once told Mr. Levy that he had been ‘jewed’ out of something, and Mr. Cobb called to demand an apology.
2. intransitive. To get or try to get the better of a person by charging too much or paying too little; to haggle. offensive.See note at sense 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > bargaining > bargain over [verb (transitive)] > drive down (prices or a person) by bargaining
haggle1589
cheapen1655
screw1677
to beat down1793
to jew down1835
banter1839
Jew1851
ike1932
1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 368/1 They [some of the ladies in the squares]..sets to work Jewing away as hard as they can, pricing up their own things, and downcrying yourn.
1872 Chicago Tribune 14 Oct. 8/2 The prices [for lodging] asked vary—the lodger being generally asked as much as it is thought he will give. If he jews, he will get it for comparatively little.
1984 D. L. Hartline Vietnam: What a Soldier Gives v. 31 He was jewing with them about the prices.
2005 O. King We’re All in this Together (2006) 168 In the clubhouse Pelky asked each player for a donation, dollar minimum. To the shortchangers, he said, ‘Don't you Jew around with me now, boy.’
Phrasal verbs
to jew down
transitive. To drive (a person) down in price by haggling; to drive (a price) down by haggling. offensive.See note at main sense 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > bargaining > bargain over [verb (transitive)] > drive down (prices or a person) by bargaining
haggle1589
cheapen1655
screw1677
to beat down1793
to jew down1835
banter1839
Jew1851
ike1932
1835 Indiana Jrnl. 12 June Ever since 1816 we have had a claim of seventy three millions of francs against France. Gen. Jackson sends Rives over to attend to it; he acted like a horse jockey, and told them if he could not get all he would take less—he was jewed down.
1893 Atlantic Monthly Apr. 494/2 The cheapest one cost nine dollars, an' that after I'd jewed the price down some.
1937 Scribner's Mag. Apr. 25 Thought we might get the divorce a little under fifty dollars. Maybe we might jew the young man down.
2015 A. Titley tr. M. Ó Cadhain Dirty Dust iv. 107 The bargaining began. He wanted to Jew me down to nothing.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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