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单词 japan
释义

Japann.

Brit. /dʒəˈpan/, U.S. /dʒəˈpæn/
Forms: Also 1500s Giapan, 1600s Japon.
Etymology: < the name of Japan. Like the other European forms (Dutch, German, Danish, Swedish Japan, French Japon, Spanish Japon, Portuguese Japão, Italian Giappone), apparently < Malay Jăpung, Japang, < Chinese Jih-pŭn (= Japanese Ni-pon), ‘sun-rise’, ‘orient’, < jih (Japanese ni) sun + pŭn (Japanese pon, hon) origin.The earliest form in which the Chinese name reached Europe was apparently in Marco Polo's Chipangu, in Pigafetta Cipanghu. The existing forms represent Portuguese apão and Dutch Japan, ‘acquired from the traders at Malacca in the Malay forms’ (Yule).
I. In primary sense.
1.
a. The name of an island nation (formerly an empire) situated off the east coast of Asia.
ΚΠ
1577 R. Eden & R. Willes (title) The history of travayle in the West and East Indies, and other countreys..as Moscovia, Persia,..China in Cathayo and Giapan.
1613 J. Saris Jrnl. in Voy. Japan (1900) 1 January 14, 1612..we wayed out of the roade of Bantam for Japan.
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage v. xiv. 440 That you may at last bee acquainted with Iapon.
1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures xliv. 173 It is the custome of those of Jappon [de Japão] to be exceeding kind and courteous.
b. A native of Japan, a Japanese person. Obsolete.
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the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Asia > native or inhabitant of Japan > [noun]
Japonian1600
Japanese1604
Japan1613
Japonite1613
Japanner1614
Nipponese1860
Japc1880
Nip1941
1613 J. Saris Jrnl. in Voy. Japan (1900) 1 My Companye 81 persons, viz., 74 English, 1 spanniar, 1 Japan, and 5 swarts.
1623 St. Papers, Col. 1622–4 208 The Japons lying in irons.
II. Transferred applications, often with lower-case initial. (Elliptical uses of III.)
2.
a. A varnish of exceptional hardness, which originally came from Japan. The name is now extended to other varnishes of a like sort, esp. to (a) a black varnish obtained by cooking asphaltum with linseed oil, used for producing a black gloss on metal and other materials; (b) a varnish-like liquid made from shellac, linseed-oil and turpentine, and used as a medium in which to grind colours and for drying pigments.
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society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > japanning and varnishing > [noun] > japan or lacquer
maki-e1616
Japan1688
lacquer1697
urushi1727
japanningc1817
vernis martin1877
nashiji1880
1688 G. Parker & J. Stalker Treat. Japaning Pref. True, genuine Japan..stands unalterable, when the wood which was imprisoned in it, is utterly consumed.
1688 G. Parker & J. Stalker Treat. Japaning v. 19 Of Black Varnishing or Japan.
1688 G. Parker & J. Stalker Treat. Japaning v. 21 You cannot be over~nice and curious in making white Japan.
1762 K. Fitzgerald in Philos. Trans. 1761 (Royal Soc.) 52 150 I had it varnished over several times with strong varnish, or japan.
1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. III. 624 Japan is applied with a brush.
b. figurative. Specious semblance, ‘veneer’.
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the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > semblance, outward show > [noun]
hue971
glozea1300
showingc1300
coloura1325
illusionc1340
frontc1374
simulationc1380
visage1390
cheera1393
sign?a1425
countenance?c1425
study?c1430
cloak1526
false colour1531
visure1531
face1542
masquery?1544
show1547
gloss1548
glass1552
affectation1561
colourableness1571
fashion1571
personage?1571
ostentation1607
disguise1632
lustrementa1641
grimace1655
varnish1662
masquerade1674
guisea1677
whitewash1730
varnish1743
maya1789
vraisemblance1802
Japan1856
veneering1865
veneer1868
affectedness1873
candy coating1885
simulance1885
window dressing1903
1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits vi. 115 But this japan costs them dear.
1866 C. Reade Griffith Gaunt (1887) 34 Thin japan of venal sympathy.
3.
a. Japanese work; work in the Japanese style; esp. work varnished, and adorned with painted or raised figures.
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society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > [noun] > specific style > work in specific style
babooneryc1400
babery?c1450
fretizing1626
Japan17..
rococo1843
Japanesery1885
17.. Hist. Tom Thumb iii. 153 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) II. 239 The inward parts were all japon [pr. japan].
1742 H. Walpole Lett. to H. Mann (1857) I. 192 He little thought that what maintained him for a whole session would scarce serve one of his younger grandsons to buy japan and fans for princesses at Florence!
a1817 J. Austen Northanger Abbey (1818) II. vi. 106 She..looked closely at the cabinet... It was Japan, black and yellow Japan of the handsomest kind. View more context for this quotation
a1817 J. Austen Northanger Abbey (1818) II. x. 193 She did not love the sight of japan in any shape. View more context for this quotation
b. Applied to a black varnished cane. Obsolete.
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the world > space > relative position > support > [noun] > that which supports > something to lean on > staff to lean on > cane
wand1548
cane1590
rattan1657
Japan1678
whangee1776
rattan stick1812
Malacca cane1844
crutch-cane1846
dragon cane1851
Malacca1871
1678 Quacks Acad. 4 You must always carry a Caduceus or Conjuring Japan in your Hand, Capt with a Civet Box.
4.
a. Japanese porcelain.
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > pottery or ceramics > [noun] > porcelain > Japanese
Japan1752
mandarin1873
mandarin porcelain1873
Imari1875
Hirado1880
Kutani ware1880
Nabeshimayaki1886
Kakiemon1890
Nabeshima1927
1752 S. Foote Taste ii. 28 That piece of China..is the right old Japan of the pea green Kind.
1782 European Mag. & London Rev. July 68/2 Where's the old China? Show me the Japan!
b. Japanese silk.
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the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from silk > [noun] > types of > from specific place > Japanese
Japan1810
Japanese silk1873
habutai1895
Jap silk1895
1729 M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. (1861) I. 227 I saw nothing extraordinary but the fine japan you so much despised.
1810 Splendid Follies I. 170 Miss Betty brought up the rear in a robe of transparent japan.
5. Entomology. Short for Japan moth n. at Compounds 1b.
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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Incurvariidae > member of genus Adela
Japan moth1819
Japan1832
1832 J. Rennie Conspectus Butterflies & Moths Brit. 195 Adela..The Copper Japan... Very uncommon. Near London.

Compounds

C1.
a. attributive. Of, belonging to, native to, or produced in Japan; passing into adj. = Japanese adj. and n. Frequent in names of natural or artificial products; as Japan anemone, Japan euonymus, Japan gold, Japan porcelain, Japan ware, etc.
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1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 28 A Japan Letter, written to the Dutch Governour.
a1680 Earl of Rochester Poems (1702) 71 Kiss me thou curious picture of a man; How odd thou art, how pretty, how japan!
1699 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) IV. 581 Monday last the old East India company began their sale of images, japan ware, china.
1856 ‘E. S. Delamer’ Flower Garden 127 Pyrus JaponicaJapan Pear,—which bears scarlet blossoms early in spring, is really a Quince, and is now removed to the genus Cydonia.
b. Special combinations:
Japan allspice n. Chimonanthus fragrans, an early-flowering shrub introduced from China in 1766.
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > shrubs > non-British shrubs > [noun] > Asian
Japan allspice1789
ramie1817
kaffir lime1824
luculia1826
rice-paper plant1832
pith plant1834
chimonanthus1836
jiti1836
rhea1837
leycesteria1838
wintersweet1846
crape-myrtle1850
skimmia1853
China-grass1858
taccada1866
saxaul1874
white kerria1900
sarcococca1914
1789 W. Aiton Hortus Kewensis II. 220 Japan Allspice.
1866 A. Black in J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. 270 The Japan Allspice is a much-branched shrub, and generally treated as a wall-plant in gardens.
Japan anemone n. one of several varieties or hybrids of Anemone hupehensis, bearing large pink or white flowers.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > buttercup and allied flowers > anemones
anemone1548
rose parsley1548
windflower1551
agrimony1578
hepatica1578
liverwort1578
noble agrimony1578
noble liverwort1578
pasque flower1578
Coventry bells1597
flaw-flower1597
herb trinity1597
pulsatilla1597
emony1644
wood-anemone1657
Robin Hood1665
poppy anemone1731
Alpine anemone1774
liverleaf1820
Japan anemone1847
Pennsylvania wind flower1869
smell fox1892
prairie smoke1893
prairie crocus1896
St. Brigid anemone1902
Japanese anemonec1908
Spanish marigold-
1847 Curtis's Bot. Mag. 73 4341 (heading) Japan Anemone.
1870 W. Robinson Wild Garden i. 28 The Japan Anemone and A. hybrida..grow so strongly that they will take care of themselves.
1882 Garden 1 Apr. 213/2 Japan Anemones..seem here to enjoy both the shelter and partial shade.
1908 G. Jekyll Colour in Flower Garden ix. 81 The pink colourings are the wide-headed Sedum spectabile, pink Japan Anemone and a few pale pink Gladioli.
Japan camphor n. = tub-camphor n. at tub n.1 Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > extracted or refined oil > [noun] > camphor
camphor1313
Sumatra camphora1760
Borneo camphora1811
Malay camphor1837
turpentine camphor1857
tub-camphor1880
Japan camphor1882
Japanese camphor-
1882 R. Bentley Man. Bot. (ed. 4) ii. iii. 642 Commercial camphor is derived entirely from the island of Formosa and Japan,..the latter [being known] as Japan or Dutch Camphor.
Japan cedar n. = cryptomeria n.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > non-British timber trees > [noun] > Asian
mahua1610
jambee1704
hinoki1727
sugi1727
meranti1783
merbau1783
sal1789
sundri1799
calamander1804
sissoo1810
toon1810
looking-glass tree1822
East India mahogany1829
pyinkado1832
dhamnoo1834
haldu1836
jelutong1836
zelkova1836
cryptomeria1838
kempas1839
shisham1849
jarul1850
Japan cedar1852
mast tree1862
keyaki1863
petwood1866
alstonia1867
Malacca cane1874
Japanese cedar1880
mowra1883
seraya1893
o-matsu1916
dhaman1923
sepetir1927
kapur1935
mengkulang1940
ramin1953
1852 R. Fortune Journey to Tea Countries China xviii. 304 The beautiful Cryptomeria, or Japan cedar.
1852 G. W. Johnson Cottage Gardeners' Dict. Japan Cedar, Cryptomeria.
1900 M. Thorn in W. D. Drury Bk. Gardening xi. 488 C. japonica (Japan Cedar) is a charming tree.
Japan clover n. a leguminous annual introduced into the southern United States in 1840 from China and Japan.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fodder plants > [noun] > lespedeza
lespedeza1811
Japan clover1884
1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants Lespedeza,..‘Hoop-koop’-plant, Japan Clover.
Japan current n. = Kuroshiwo n.
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the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > current > [noun] > sea > specific
Gulf Stream1775
Agulhas Currenta1830
North Atlantic Drifta1830
Labrador Current1835
Japan current1865
Alaska Current1868
Kuroshiwo1885
Japanese current1926
1865 D. Page Handbk. Geol. Terms (ed. 2) 263 Japan current, that branch of the equatorial current of the Pacific which trends northward along the Japan coasts.
1885 Sir J. Murray in Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 118/2 The Kuro-Siwo or Japan current—wholly a warm oceanic river during the S.E. monsoon similar to the Gulf Stream of the Atlantic.
1936 F. S. Russell & C. M. Yonge Seas (ed. 2) x. 231 The Japan Current or ‘Kuro Shiwo’ corresponding to our Gulf Stream.
Japan earth n. = Terra Japonica n., catechu n.
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the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > medicine composed of a plant > [noun] > general plant-derived medicines
savineOE
liquoricec1275
verjuice1302
sandragon1334
sugar roset1363
acaciaa1398
agnus castusa1398
sebestenc1400
socotrine aloesa1425
tapsimelc1425
valencec1425
aconitum?a1450
hypericum1471
cassia1543
guaiacum1553
guaiac1558
butcher's broom1578
solanum1578
liquorice-stick1580
symphonia1597
tabasheer1598
diascord1605
orange-bead1626
oxymel of squills1654
Japonic earth1673
terebinthina1693
terebinthinate1696
pareira brava1698
rhabarbarate1716
Japan earth1718
buglossate1725
squill1725
phytolacca1730
nettle juice1747
xanthoxyloïn1767
mustard whey1769
Jesuits' drops1783
digitalis1785
arnica1788
mel-rose1790
gallic acid1791
valerian1794
sacred elixir1797
drosera1801
Spanish juice1803
mudar1819
sabadilla1821
parillin1825
mudarin1829
salicin1830
sang1843
peppermint camphor1854
pareira1855
savanilla1856
euonymin1862
menthol1862
phytolaccin1864
alstonia1868
agoniadin1870
guimauve1870
gelsemium1875
iridin1879
hazeline1880
tub-camphor1880
echinacea1887
jacaranda1887
hamamelin1890
quillain1890
vieirin1893
thiolin1894
mentha camphor1902
hamamelis1910
phytohaemagglutinin1949
adaptogen1966
1718 J. Quincy Pharmacopœia Officinalis 107 Japan Earth..is very austere upon the Palate.
Japan-ink n. (see quot. 1848).
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society > communication > writing > writing materials > ink > [noun] > superior type of ink
Japan-ink1807
1807 Herschel in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 97 209 A..strip of card, discoloured with japan ink.
1848 J. Craig New Universal Dict. Japan Ink, a superior kind of black writing ink, generally glossy when dry.
Japan lacquer n. (also Japan lacquer tree) (see lacquer n. 2b, Compounds).
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > sumacs > [noun]
buck's-horna1450
rhus?1541
sumac1548
Venice sumac1597
poisonwood1671
poison tree1676
swamp sumac1722
urushi1727
stag-horn1753
Venetian sumac1755
poison ash1757
ipoh1779
poison sumac1785
ailanthus tree1789
Japan varnish1789
vinegar-plant1797
mountain sumac1813
poison dogwood1814
upas1814
karee1815
fustet1821
taaibos1821
poison elder1822
varnish sumac1822
Japan lacquer1835
tree of heaven1845
anacard1847
smoke plant1856
tanners' sumac1858
swamp dogwood1859
smoke-tree1860
wax-tree1866
wig-sumac1867
wig-tree1867
burnwood1874
vinegar-tree1874
mountain manchineel1884
valley of death tree1888
sugar-bush1900
smoke bush1902
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > painting or coating materials > [noun] > varnish > types of
lac1598
lacquer1697
amber varnish1731
spirit varnish1738
fern-oil1753
Venetian varnish1755
Brunswick black1791
thitsi1832
Japan lacquer1835
nashiji1880
1835 W. J. Hooker Compan. Bot. Mag. 1 268/1 The so much celebrated Japan lacquer or varnish.
1846 J. Lindley Veg. Kingdom 466 The valuable black hard varnish called Japan Lacquer, is obtained from Stagmaria verniciflua in the Indian archipelago.
1880 C. E. Bessey Bot. xx. 535 Japan Lacquer, so much used by the Japanese in the manufacture of many wares, is obtained..from Rhus vernicifera, and probably other species.
1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants 241/1 Japan Lacquer-, or Varnish-, Tree.
1911 Encycl. Brit. XXVI. 70/2 Rhus vermicifera is the Japan lacquer or varnish-tree.
Japan lily n. any of several species of Lilium native to Japan, esp. L. japonicum.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > lily and allied flowers > lilies
lily971
lily-flower1340
martagon1440
delucea1450
red lily1531
purple lily1578
mountain lily1597
gold lily1629
Turk's cap1672
turn-cap1688
Juno's rose1706
orange lily1731
Canada lily1771
Japan lily1813
tiger-lily1824
Annunciation lily1853
Easter lily1860
golden-rayed lily1865
scarlet martagon1867
Japanese lily1870
Madonna lily1877
Bermuda lily1882
thimble lily1883
panther lily1884
triplet lily1884
turban-lily1884
Mary-lily1893
tiger1901
leopard lily1902
lilium1902
swamp lily1902
Washington lily1911
Shasta lily1915
regal lily1916
regale1920
Oregon lily1925
1813 Curtis's Bot. Mag. 38 1591 (heading) White one-flowered Japan Lily.
1854 C. M. Yonge Heartsease I. iv. 56 You should go and look at the Japan lilies.
Japan medlar n. the loquat, Eriobotrya japonica
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > tropical or exotic fruit-tree or -plant > of Asian or South Pacific > loquat
loquat1820
nispero1858
Japanese medlar1866
Japan medlar1866
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 727/2 Japan Medlar, Eriobotyra japonica.
Japan moth n. a moth of the genus Adela.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Incurvariidae > member of genus Adela
Japan moth1819
Japan1832
1819 G. Samouelle Entomologist's Compend. 249 Japan-moths.
Japan paper n. = Japanese paper n. at Japanese adj. and n. Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > paper > [noun] > paper made from mulberry bark
Japan paper1625
Japanese paper1727
gnatoo1817
Japanese vellum1888
Nippon vellum1926
1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes III. ii. v. 339 Nothing gave him such content as two Bookes of Iapon paper, smooth and hard bound in Europæan manner.
1914 Photo-Era Feb. 102/1 There are certain tricks to produce a soft print from a sharp negative, one of which is to put a piece of Japan paper between the plate and the sensitive paper in the printing-frame.
1974 Country Life 17 Jan. 75/1 The exquisite Le Bain of 1905, a dry point (an impression from the edition of 27 or 29 on Japan paper).
Japan pepper n. = Japanese pepper n. at Japanese adj. and n. Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > yielding condiments or used in food preparation > [noun] > Japanese pepper
Japanese pepper1861
Japan pepper1866
the world > food and drink > food > additive > spice > [noun] > pepper not from Piper nigrum > types of
long peppereOE
garden ginger1526
Guinea pepper1597
Ethiopian pepper1598
chilli1662
pimiento1671
pimento1673
piment1705
capsicum1725
cayenne1756
African pepper1788
paprika1839
Negro pepper1849
Japan pepper1866
shot-pepper1890
chilli powder1898
chile ancho1906
chile mulato1907
Aleppo pepper1920
pasilla1935
mirch1951
pepperoncino1951
shishito1975
chili pepper-
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 1240 The fruits..of X[anthoxylon] piperitum, a Japanese species, are called Japan-pepper.
1914 W. J. Bean Trees & Shrubs Hardy in Brit. Isles II. 692 Z[anthoxylum] piperitum, de Candolle. Japan Pepper... The seeds when ground are used by the Japanese as pepper.
Japan privet n. Ligustrum japonicum.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > cultivated or ornamental trees and shrubs > [noun] > hedge plants > privet
primpc1400
ligustre1480
privet1542
primprint1548
prim1573
ligustrum1664
English myrtle1816
wax-tree1825
Japan privet1869
swamp privet1884
primet-
1869 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Agric. 1868 197 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (40th Congr., 3rd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc.) XV For..easy propagation, and ample foliage of shining deep-green color, there is no plant superior to the Japan privet (Ligustrum Japonicum).
Japan quince n. (see japonica n.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > tropical or exotic fruit-tree or -plant > of Asian or South Pacific > Japanese quince
japonica1819
Japan quince1850
Japanese quince1900
1850 W. Howitt Year-bk. of Country 24 In gardens..come forth the vernal crocus, various hellebores, the Japan quince.
1880 Encycl. Brit. XII. 213/1 Buds form on the roots, and may be used for purposes of propagation, as in the Japan quince.
1916 L. H. Bailey Pruning-man. 222 Chænomeles japonica (Japan quince).
Japan rose n. a name once used for the camellia; later = Japanese rose n. at Japanese adj. and n. Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > cultivated or ornamental trees and shrubs > [noun] > camellias
camellia1753
Japan rose1789
japonica1819
waratah1824
sasanqua1866
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > rose and allied flowers > rose > types of rose flower or bush
summer rosea1456
French rose1538
damask rose?a1547
musk rose1559
province1562
winter rose1577
Austrian brier1590
rose of Provence1597
velvet rose1597
damasine-rose1607
Provence rose1614
blush-rose1629
maiden's blush1648
monthly rose tree1664
Provinsa1678
York and Lancaster rose1688
cinnamon rose1699
muscat rose1707
cabbage rose1727
China-rose1731
old-fashioned rose1773
moss rose1777
swamp rose1785
alba1797
Cherokee rose1804
Macartney rose1811
shepherd's rose1818
multiflora1820
prairie rose1822
Boursault1826
Banksian rose1827
maiden rose1827
moss1829
Noisette1829
seven sisters rose1830
Dundee rambler1834
Banksia rose1835
Chickasaw rose1835
Bourbon1836
climbing rose1836
green rose1837
hybrid China1837
Jaune Desprez1837
Lamarque1837
perpetual1837
pillar rose1837
rambler1837
wax rose1837
rugosa1840
China1844
Manetti1846
Banksian1847
remontant1847
gallica1848
hybrid perpetual1848
Persian Yellow1848
pole rose1848
monthly1849
tea rose1850
quarter sessions rose1851
Gloire de Dijon1854
Jacqueminot1857
Maréchal Niel1864
primrose1864
jack1867
La France1868
tea1869
Ramanas rose1876
Japanese rose1883
polyantha1883
old rose1885
American Beauty1887
hybrid tea1890
Japan rose1895
roselet1896
floribunda1898
Zéphirine Drouhin1901
Penzance briar1902
Dorothy Perkins1903
sweetheart1905
wichuraiana1907
mermaid1918
species rose1930
sweetheart rose1936
peace1944
shrub rose1948
1789 W. Aiton Hortus Kewensis II. 460 Camellia... Japan Rose.
1793 B. Edwards Hist. Brit. Colonies W. Indies I. 204 Camellia japonica, Japan Rose.
1895 W. Robinson Eng. Flower Garden (ed. 4) 732/1 It [Rosa acicularis] has a showy fruit, which differs from that of the Japan Rose, for, instead of being roundish and smooth, it is long and Pear-shaped.
Japan varnish n. (also Japan varnish tree) = varnish sumac n. at varnish n.1 Compounds 2; = Japan lacquer n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > sumacs > [noun]
buck's-horna1450
rhus?1541
sumac1548
Venice sumac1597
poisonwood1671
poison tree1676
swamp sumac1722
urushi1727
stag-horn1753
Venetian sumac1755
poison ash1757
ipoh1779
poison sumac1785
ailanthus tree1789
Japan varnish1789
vinegar-plant1797
mountain sumac1813
poison dogwood1814
upas1814
karee1815
fustet1821
taaibos1821
poison elder1822
varnish sumac1822
Japan lacquer1835
tree of heaven1845
anacard1847
smoke plant1856
tanners' sumac1858
swamp dogwood1859
smoke-tree1860
wax-tree1866
wig-sumac1867
wig-tree1867
burnwood1874
vinegar-tree1874
mountain manchineel1884
valley of death tree1888
sugar-bush1900
smoke bush1902
1727 J. G. Scheuchzer tr. E. Kæmpfer Hist. Japan I. i. ix. 114 The Urusi or Varnish-Tree is another of the noblest and most useful Trees of this country.]
1789 J. Belknap Let. 13 Mar. in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life, Jrnls. & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) II. 252 I have sent for the seeds of the Japan varnish tree.
1843 Penny Cycl. XXVI. 147/2 The Japan varnish of Kæmpfer and Thunberg is Rhus vernix.
1865 J. Coldstream in J. H. Balfour Biogr. ii. 23 An avenue of the Ailanthus, or Japan varnish.
1889 W. Robinson Eng. Flower Garden (ed. 2) 788/2 Others in cultivation..include R[hus] vermicifera, or Japan Varnish Tree.
Japan wax n. = Japanese wax n. at Japanese adj. and n. Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > waxy materials > [noun] > derived from plants > specific
myrtle wax1700
piney tallow1843
Japanese wax1859
Japan wax1859
myrica wax1862
myrtle-berry wax1888
berry wax1897
candelilla wax1909
1859 L. Oliphant Narr. Earl of Elgin's Mission China & Japan II. 257 Hitherto the most successful cargo brought to this country from Japan has been one of Japanese wax. Mr. Simmonds..gives the following account of Japan wax:—‘Rhus succedanea, the species which furnishes the Japan wax, has long been grown in our greenhouses, having been introduced from China nearly a century ago.’
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. s.v. Rhus The Japan wax, which is occasionally imported into this country.
1887 Colonial & Indian Exhib., London 1886: Rep. Colonial Sections 275 Myrtle wax..which, like Japan wax, is rather a fat than a true wax.
1969 R. Mayer Dict. Art Terms & Techniques 201/2 Japan wax is sometimes called vegetable wax.
C2. attributive and in other combinations, in sense 2; Of, pertaining to, or adorned with japan, as japan cabinet, japan frame, japan ground, etc. Also similative and parasynthetic as japan-black, japan-headed adjs.
ΚΠ
1688 G. Parker & J. Stalker Treat. Japaning xiii. 36 There are two sorts of Bantam, as well as Japan-work.
1688 G. Parker & J. Stalker Treat. Japaning xiii. 36 The Japan-Artist works most of all in Gold, and other metals.
c1689 in J. Y. Akerman Moneys Secret Services Charles II & James II (1851) 42 For two japan cabinets..100.0.0.
1697 London Gaz. No. 3250/4 Lost.., a large Silver Japan headed Cane, the ground of it Shagreen, and the Japan Work most of it gilt.
1712 J. Arbuthnot John Bull Still in Senses i. 7 She had laid aside your Carving, Gilding, and Japan Work, as being too apt to gather Dirt.
1855 E. C. Gaskell North & South I. xiv. 163 Go to my little japan cabinet..and in the second left-hand drawer you will find a packet of letters.
1883 Birmingham Daily Post 11 Oct. Japan-stovers and Polishers, used to Cash-boxes and Coal-vases.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

japanv.

Brit. /dʒəˈpan/, U.S. /dʒəˈpæn/
Forms: Also 1700s japon.
Etymology: < Japan n. 2.
1. transitive. To lacquer with japan; to varnish with any material that gives a hard black gloss.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > japanning and varnishing > japan or lacquer [verb (transitive)]
japan1688
lacquer1688
lac1698
1688 G. Parker & J. Stalker (title) A treatise of japaning and varnishing.
1688 G. Parker & J. Stalker Treat. Japaning xi. 35 They may be Japanned, and look well.
1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World xiv. 400 Laquer, which is used in Japaning of Cabinets.
1762 O. Goldsmith Citizen of World I. 241 A square table that had been once japanned.
1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 37 Made of copper, or tinned iron plates, japanned within and without.
2. transferred. To make black and glossy as in japanning; to polish or cover with black.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > japanning and varnishing > japan or lacquer [verb (transitive)] > polish or cover with black
japan1714
1714 [implied in: J. Gay Trivia ii. 166 And aids with soot the new japanning art. (at japanning n.)].
1730 ‘T. Thumb’ Helter Skelter Way of Writing 7 ‘Dear Jack’ has exhausted his splendid Shilling, and now cries ‘Japan your shoes, your Honour’.
1810 W. Combe Schoolmaster's Tour in Poet. Mag. Nov. 7 His gaiters too were fresh japann'd.
1817 W. Scott Rob Roy I. v. 110 The monsters of heraldry..grinned and ramped in red free stone, now japanned by the smoke of centuries.
1865 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia V. xix. viii. 618 Japanning people with pitch to cure them of every malady.
3. slang. To make clerical, to ordain. (With reference to the black coat.)
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > sacrament > order > ordination > ordain [verb (transitive)]
hallowc900
hodec1275
sacrec1290
ordainc1300
orderc1330
consecrate1387
sanctify1390
canonize1393
to lay hands (or hand) on or upon (also in, to)a1400
consacrea1492
ensacrea1492
ordinate1508
impose1582
japan1756
1756 Connoisseur No. 105. ⁋3 He had been double-japanned (as he called it) about a year ago, and was the present incumbent of —.
1796 Grose's Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue (ed. 3) (at cited word)
1826 Sporting Mag. 18 283 My friend's son had just been ordained Deacon, or, in the language of the day, ‘japanned’.
1879 J. Payn High Spirits II. 106 He had passed his ‘voluntary’, and was to be ‘japanned’ in a fortnight.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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