janissaryn.

Brit.

/ˈdʒanᵻs(ə)ri/, U.S.

/ˈdʒænəˌsɛri/

Forms: α. 1500s genysarie, genezarie, giannizarie, ienesarie, ianessarie, ianitsarie, ianitzarie, 1500s–1600s genis-, ianis(s-, ianiz(z-, ienis-arie, 1600s janazary, 1600s– janisary, janissary, janizary. β. 1500s ianniz-, ianis-, giannizz-er, 1500s–1600s ianizer(e, ianizar(e, 1600s–1700s janisar, 1600s– janizar. γ. 1700s yeane-sherre, yenesherre, 1800s yanizari.

Etymology: Ultimately < Turkish yeṅi-tsheri, < yeṅi new, modern + tsheri soldiery, militia. Variously adopted in European languages, e.g. 15–16th cent. Latin Ienizari, Ianizari, Italian ianizzero, giannizzero (plural -eri), Spanish genizaro, Portuguese janizaro, French janissaire (in 15th cent. jainusere), German janitschar, Dutch janitsaar. The English forms reflect the Latin, Italian, Spanish, or French channels, through which they were derived; the attempt to represent the Turkish word directly was rare. N.E.D. (1900) enters this under the double headword janizary, janissary and gives the pronunciations (dʒæ·nizări, yæ·ni-) /ˈdʒænɪzərɪ/, /ˈjænɪ-/.

1. One of a former body of Turkish infantry, constituting the Sultan's guard and the main part of the standing army. The body was first organized in the 14th century, and was composed mainly of tributary children of Christians; after a large number of them had been massacred in 1826, the organization was finally abolished.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > lifeguard or bodyguard > [noun] > specific

Yeoman of the Guard1485

solak1520

janissary1529

Mameluke1531

praetorian1592

trabant1617

beefeater1671

bostangi1686

mousquetaire1706

drabant1707

protector1781

Varangian1788

Papal Zouave1864

greenfinch1865

α.

1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iv. xv. X ij a/2 Mammolukes & genysaryes about y^e turke and sowdeyn.

1562 J. Shute tr. A. Cambini in Two Comm. Turcks i. f. 36^v Vpon the death of Mahomethe, the Gianizzaries marched wyth all spede to Constantinople.

1579 J. Jones Arte preseruing Bodie & Soule i. xxxix. 87 As his Ienesaries are instructed al too Heathenly.

1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. xxiv. 65 b The Sarail of the Azamoglans or Ianissaries.

1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 432 Being aduertised..of the valure of a yong Ianitsarie.

1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 770 The Pretorian souldiours (who were to the emperors as the Ianitzaries are to the Turke).

1702 W. J. tr. C. de Bruyn Voy. Levant xxv. 107 The Janizaries..compos'd partly of Tributary Children, and partly of voluntary Renegades.

1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 12 Feb. (1965) I. 305 We were met..by an Aga of the Janisarys.

1832 J.-C.-L. S. de Sismondi Hist. Ital. Republics xi. 241 The new militia of the janissaries was, at the same time, the best infantry in Europe.

1867 Felton's Greece, Anc. & Mod. II. 343 The place called the At Midan is memorable in recent history for the slaughter of the janizaries.

β. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. clxxxxi^v Thei were firste robbed of the Ianizeres, and..shamfully slain.1572 W. Malim tr. N. Martinengo True Rep. Famagosta f. 11^v The Liefetenant of Mustafa, and y^e Aga of y^e Giannizzers.1598 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 3 Last Bks. iv. iv. 30 Then fals to praise the hardy Ianizar, That sucks his horse side thirsting in the warre.1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Ianizzeri, the Turkes gard, Ianizers.1713 London Gaz. No. 5106/1 The Janisar Aga..went to the King.1822 P. B. Shelley Hellas 14 The Janizars Clamour for pay.γ. 1704 J. Pitts True Acct. Mohammetans vii. 73 They are all Yeane-Sherres, or, Janizaries, i.e. Soldiers.1704 J. Pitts True Acct. Mohammetans ix. 160 The Cull Ougles, that is, the Sons of the Yenesherres, or Soldiers.

2. By extension, any Turkish soldier; esp. one of an escort for travellers in the East.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by nationality > [noun] > Turkish

janissary1615

Arnaut1717

Johnny Turk1836

Johnny1854

Abdul1870

1615 J. Loiseau de Tourval tr. H. de Feynes Exact Surv. E. Indies 3 Trauellers..become as poore wretched slaues subject to all injuries..from which their very Ianisaries and Gardes cannot alwayes defend them.

1650 J. Howell Instr. Forren Travell (new ed.) App. 130 He may go to Venice, where he may agree with a Janizary to conduct him in company of a Caravan all the way through the Continent of Greece as farre as Constantinople.

1775 R. Chandler Trav. Asia Minor xxii. 82 Our janizary was unwilling to go then.

1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II Notes 142 The traveller whose janissary flogs them.

1847 B. Disraeli Tancred II. iii. vi. 108 Eva..mounted her horse;..before whom marched her janissary armed to the teeth.

3. In various allusive and figurative uses, from preceding senses.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > [noun] > one who guides or leads

way-witterc1275

leadera1300

lodesmanc1300

predecessora1325

guide1362

duistre1393

conduct1423

way-leaderc1450

guiderc1475

conductor1481

leadsmanc1510

janissary1565

Palinurus1567

forerunner1576

convoy1581

mercury1592

pilota1635

accompanier1753

runner1867

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > [noun]

followereOE

youngereOE

retenantc1390

suitora1398

waitera1500

retainer1508

pursuivant1513

villein1534

consequent1550

backmanc1560

janissary1565

jackman1566

hensure1568

belonger1577

lackey1588

sequent1598

pedissequant1607

henchman1754

gesith1861

ministerialis1888

1565 J. Jewel Replie Hardinges Answeare Pref. sig. * Sutche eloquence might better becomme some of your yonger Iannizers.

1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 32 Being not much behinde in the check-roule of his Ianissaries and contributories, with Eagle-soaring Bullingbrooke.

1663 J. Heath Flagellum (1672) 145 Volleys of Acclamations, were given at the close of this mock solemnity, by Cromwel's Janizaries.

1679 Established Test 26 The Romish Janizaries are the tribute Children of all Europe.

1810 T. Jefferson Writings (1830) IV. 153 The shipping interest, commercial interest, and their janizaries of the navy.

1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. vi. 581 The King had now at his command a body of Janissaries..ready to carry out his personal will.

b.1612 T. Lavender Trav. Certaine Englishmen Pref. C j b The heauenly Ierusalem..Iesus Christ being our Pilot and Ienisarie to conduct vs thereunto.1659 D. Pell Πελαγος To Rdr. sig. d4 (note) Let this Epistle bee thy Janisary, or Pole-star to the perusal of this book.

Compounds

C1. attributive and in other combinations.

ΚΠ

1642 E. Dering Coll. Speeches on Relig. xvi. 121 Monks, Fryers, and Secular Priests, with his Janizary Jesuits.

1812 R. Wilson Private Diary I. 123 Even under Janissary prejudice and despotism civilization is advancing.

C2.

janizary music n. [German janitscharenmusik] = Turkish music n. at Turkish adj. and n. Compounds 2b.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > [noun] > Turkish music

janizary music1888

1888 F. Moscheles tr. Mendelssohn Lett. 54 He must have a cradle song with drums and trumpets and janissary music.

1896 A. J. Hipkins Descr. & Hist. Pianoforte 106 Drum and triangle (for Janissary music).

1922 J. Riviere tr. S. Freud Introd. Lect. Psycho-anal. 75 The little bells, shaken violently, begin their familiar janizary music.

janizary pedal n. a pedal attached to some old pianofortes, etc., having an arrangement of drums and cymbals connected with it, by which a sound as of martial music was produced.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > stringed keyboards > [noun] > pianoforte > pedal > other pedals

sustaining pedal1879

janizary pedal1900

1900 Pall Mall Gaz. 21 May 4/2 Even Mozart condescended to employ the ‘Janissary pedal’ in one or two of his sonatas.

Derivatives

janizaˈresque adj. in the style of a janizary.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > lifeguard or bodyguard > [adjective] > bodyguard spec.

janizarian1796

janizaresque1835

1835 New Monthly Mag. 45 5 A most trenchant and janissaresque style of handling his cleaver.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	janissary
释义	janissaryn. Brit. /ˈdʒanᵻs(ə)ri/, U.S. /ˈdʒænəˌsɛri/ Forms: α. 1500s genysarie, genezarie, giannizarie, ienesarie, ianessarie, ianitsarie, ianitzarie, 1500s–1600s genis-, ianis(s-, ianiz(z-, ienis-arie, 1600s janazary, 1600s– janisary, janissary, janizary. β. 1500s ianniz-, ianis-, giannizz-er, 1500s–1600s ianizer(e, ianizar(e, 1600s–1700s janisar, 1600s– janizar. γ. 1700s yeane-sherre, yenesherre, 1800s yanizari. Etymology: Ultimately < Turkish yeṅi-tsheri, < yeṅi new, modern + tsheri soldiery, militia. Variously adopted in European languages, e.g. 15–16th cent. Latin Ienizari, Ianizari, Italian ianizzero, giannizzero (plural -eri), Spanish genizaro, Portuguese janizaro, French janissaire (in 15th cent. jainusere), German janitschar, Dutch janitsaar. The English forms reflect the Latin, Italian, Spanish, or French channels, through which they were derived; the attempt to represent the Turkish word directly was rare. N.E.D. (1900) enters this under the double headword janizary, janissary and gives the pronunciations (dʒæ·nizări, yæ·ni-) /ˈdʒænɪzərɪ/, /ˈjænɪ-/. 1. One of a former body of Turkish infantry, constituting the Sultan's guard and the main part of the standing army. The body was first organized in the 14th century, and was composed mainly of tributary children of Christians; after a large number of them had been massacred in 1826, the organization was finally abolished. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > lifeguard or bodyguard > [noun] > specific Yeoman of the Guard1485 solak1520 janissary1529 Mameluke1531 praetorian1592 trabant1617 beefeater1671 bostangi1686 mousquetaire1706 drabant1707 protector1781 Varangian1788 Papal Zouave1864 greenfinch1865 α. 1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iv. xv. X ij a/2 Mammolukes & genysaryes about y^e turke and sowdeyn. 1562 J. Shute tr. A. Cambini in Two Comm. Turcks i. f. 36^v Vpon the death of Mahomethe, the Gianizzaries marched wyth all spede to Constantinople. 1579 J. Jones Arte preseruing Bodie & Soule i. xxxix. 87 As his Ienesaries are instructed al too Heathenly. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. xxiv. 65 b The Sarail of the Azamoglans or Ianissaries. 1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 432 Being aduertised..of the valure of a yong Ianitsarie. 1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 770 The Pretorian souldiours (who were to the emperors as the Ianitzaries are to the Turke). 1702 W. J. tr. C. de Bruyn Voy. Levant xxv. 107 The Janizaries..compos'd partly of Tributary Children, and partly of voluntary Renegades. 1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 12 Feb. (1965) I. 305 We were met..by an Aga of the Janisarys. 1832 J.-C.-L. S. de Sismondi Hist. Ital. Republics xi. 241 The new militia of the janissaries was, at the same time, the best infantry in Europe. 1867 Felton's Greece, Anc. & Mod. II. 343 The place called the At Midan is memorable in recent history for the slaughter of the janizaries. β. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. clxxxxi^v Thei were firste robbed of the Ianizeres, and..shamfully slain.1572 W. Malim tr. N. Martinengo True Rep. Famagosta f. 11^v The Liefetenant of Mustafa, and y^e Aga of y^e Giannizzers.1598 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 3 Last Bks. iv. iv. 30 Then fals to praise the hardy Ianizar, That sucks his horse side thirsting in the warre.1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Ianizzeri, the Turkes gard, Ianizers.1713 London Gaz. No. 5106/1 The Janisar Aga..went to the King.1822 P. B. Shelley Hellas 14 The Janizars Clamour for pay.γ. 1704 J. Pitts True Acct. Mohammetans vii. 73 They are all Yeane-Sherres, or, Janizaries, i.e. Soldiers.1704 J. Pitts True Acct. Mohammetans ix. 160 The Cull Ougles, that is, the Sons of the Yenesherres, or Soldiers. 2. By extension, any Turkish soldier; esp. one of an escort for travellers in the East. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by nationality > [noun] > Turkish janissary1615 Arnaut1717 Johnny Turk1836 Johnny1854 Abdul1870 1615 J. Loiseau de Tourval tr. H. de Feynes Exact Surv. E. Indies 3 Trauellers..become as poore wretched slaues subject to all injuries..from which their very Ianisaries and Gardes cannot alwayes defend them. 1650 J. Howell Instr. Forren Travell (new ed.) App. 130 He may go to Venice, where he may agree with a Janizary to conduct him in company of a Caravan all the way through the Continent of Greece as farre as Constantinople. 1775 R. Chandler Trav. Asia Minor xxii. 82 Our janizary was unwilling to go then. 1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II Notes 142 The traveller whose janissary flogs them. 1847 B. Disraeli Tancred II. iii. vi. 108 Eva..mounted her horse;..before whom marched her janissary armed to the teeth. 3. In various allusive and figurative uses, from preceding senses. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > [noun] > one who guides or leads way-witterc1275 leadera1300 lodesmanc1300 predecessora1325 guide1362 duistre1393 conduct1423 way-leaderc1450 guiderc1475 conductor1481 leadsmanc1510 janissary1565 Palinurus1567 forerunner1576 convoy1581 mercury1592 pilota1635 accompanier1753 runner1867 society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > [noun] followereOE youngereOE retenantc1390 suitora1398 waitera1500 retainer1508 pursuivant1513 villein1534 consequent1550 backmanc1560 janissary1565 jackman1566 hensure1568 belonger1577 lackey1588 sequent1598 pedissequant1607 henchman1754 gesith1861 ministerialis1888 a. 1565 J. Jewel Replie Hardinges Answeare Pref. sig. * Sutche eloquence might better becomme some of your yonger Iannizers. 1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 32 Being not much behinde in the check-roule of his Ianissaries and contributories, with Eagle-soaring Bullingbrooke. 1663 J. Heath Flagellum (1672) 145 Volleys of Acclamations, were given at the close of this mock solemnity, by Cromwel's Janizaries. 1679 Established Test 26 The Romish Janizaries are the tribute Children of all Europe. 1810 T. Jefferson Writings (1830) IV. 153 The shipping interest, commercial interest, and their janizaries of the navy. 1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. vi. 581 The King had now at his command a body of Janissaries..ready to carry out his personal will. b.1612 T. Lavender Trav. Certaine Englishmen Pref. C j b The heauenly Ierusalem..Iesus Christ being our Pilot and Ienisarie to conduct vs thereunto.1659 D. Pell Πελαγος To Rdr. sig. d4 (note) Let this Epistle bee thy Janisary, or Pole-star to the perusal of this book. Compounds C1. attributive and in other combinations. ΚΠ 1642 E. Dering Coll. Speeches on Relig. xvi. 121 Monks, Fryers, and Secular Priests, with his Janizary Jesuits. 1812 R. Wilson Private Diary I. 123 Even under Janissary prejudice and despotism civilization is advancing. C2. janizary music n. [German janitscharenmusik] = Turkish music n. at Turkish adj. and n. Compounds 2b. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > [noun] > Turkish music janizary music1888 1888 F. Moscheles tr. Mendelssohn Lett. 54 He must have a cradle song with drums and trumpets and janissary music. 1896 A. J. Hipkins Descr. & Hist. Pianoforte 106 Drum and triangle (for Janissary music). 1922 J. Riviere tr. S. Freud Introd. Lect. Psycho-anal. 75 The little bells, shaken violently, begin their familiar janizary music. janizary pedal n. a pedal attached to some old pianofortes, etc., having an arrangement of drums and cymbals connected with it, by which a sound as of martial music was produced. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > stringed keyboards > [noun] > pianoforte > pedal > other pedals sustaining pedal1879 janizary pedal1900 1900 Pall Mall Gaz. 21 May 4/2 Even Mozart condescended to employ the ‘Janissary pedal’ in one or two of his sonatas. Derivatives janizaˈresque adj. in the style of a janizary. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > lifeguard or bodyguard > [adjective] > bodyguard spec. janizarian1796 janizaresque1835 1835 New Monthly Mag. 45 5 A most trenchant and janissaresque style of handling his cleaver. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1529
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