| 释义 |
jettyn. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French geté. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman geté, getté, getei, geteye, Anglo-Norman and Middle French getee projecting part of a building (1342 or earlier), pier, breakwater, mole (1412 or earlier), use as noun of past participle of geter , getter , jeter , jetter to throw (see jet v.2); compare -y suffix5. From the 18th cent. the word was sometimes treated as French and spelt with final -ée , after French feminine nouns with this ending. Compare jutty n., and also jet n.3 (which some instances of γ. forms could instead show).It is unclear whether the following quot. is to be taken as showing two instances of the Middle English or of the Anglo-Norman word (both in sense 1) in a Latin context:c1420 in L. F. Salzman Building in Eng. (1952) 416 In quo quidem edificio erit unum solarium cum uno gite extendente in longitudine et latitudine eiusdem edificii cum duplici solar' et duplici gitee ad caput australe. society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > [noun] > other projecting parts society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > [noun] > floor or storey > upper floors > overhanging α. 1422 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt (1931) 124 (MED) Item henry Mersche hathe a Jety defectiue, that is to lowe, in louelane, aȝens the ordenaunce of the Cite. 1563 in D. W. Crossley (1975) 185 Newe making, amending, and Repairing the Sydes of the fornace, the Chafery and fynary wheeles and Chymneys, the Baye and Jettey at the forge. 1598 J. Florio Barbacane,..an outnooke or corner standing out of a house, a iettie. 1615 H. Crooke 433 The round head they call in Greeke στρογγύλον because it hath no προβολή or ietty eyther in the forehead or in the nowle. 1664 J. Evelyn Acct. Archit. in tr. R. Fréart 137 Such monstrous jetties and excessive Superstructures as we many times find under Balconies. 1701 in (1882) VIII. 11 Ordered, That no person shall erect or set up any Pentice, jetty, or Pendal over any of the streets, lanes, or highwayes of this town. 1951 H. Braun (1967) iv. 86 ‘Jetties’—as..projecting portions of the upper storeys of timber buildings are called. 1990 (Nexis) 7 July Handsome redbrick houses with Georgian fronts, colour-washed cottages, overhanging jetties with carved timbers. 2003 L. Picard iii. 45 Jetties were a status symbol... A house in Soper Lane had a jetty the whole length of the building, 20 feet long, and more than 3 feet wide. 2. society > travel > means of travel > route or way > other means of passage or access > [noun] > bridge > parts of c1425 J. Lydgate (Augustus A.iv) ii. l. 8092 (MED) He vnwarly smet vp-on þe londe, On þe gettis and þe drye sonde, Þat his schippes schyuered al a-sondre. 1427 (P.R.O.) 124.6187 (MED) [Ships] hath ben perisshed theer for defaute of a hauen and Rood..before [Morton] hath begunne a Jette of stones. 1432 (Electronic ed.) Parl. May 1432 §42. m. 5 Howe þat for the grete warkes..beyng in diverses places..and amongez other the jetties of þe haven..were graunted by a statute..certaines impositions..to be hadde and payed, unto the sustenyng of þe saide warkes, of every shipp..resortyng thider. 1528 in (1864) IV. ii. 2233 [The jury] have viewed both the east and west jetty, and find..parts of the same greatly frusshid and ruffild, so that part must be made new. 1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay viii. 118 [They] did serue rather for a Banke or Iettie against the ouerflowing of the Germanes. 1662 W. Dugdale xlvi. 270 That at the end of this River..be made two Jettyes of wood, or stone; each opposite to other. 1692 J. Ray (1732) 221 There were found Jettys, as they call them to keep up the old River-Bank. 1772 C. Hutton 99 To surround a stone pier with a sterling or jettee. 1791 R. Mylne in 52 There should be several Jettees thrown up, to confine the Stream, where it spreads too wide. 1804 Burgomasters' Petit. in Allnutt (1805) 10 Such Jettees or Weir Hedges create very rapid and dangerous Currents. 1862 J. H. Bennet (ed. 2) viii. 194 A small and secure harbour, but so narrowed by the jetty that..the entrance is..difficult. 1887 J. Ball 267 Until the jetée..should be finished. 1920 (1922) lxv. 268/2 A board..reported in favor of two jetties, to be supplemented by dredging. 1984 O. H. Pilkey iii. 43/2 Groins and jetties are walls extending into the ocean from the shore, perpendicular to the shoreline. A jetty, often very long,..is intended to keep sand from flowing into a ship channel. 2004 S. B. Rothschild i. 1 Sandy beaches and rock jetties are the major habitat types on the outer coast. society > travel > travel by water > berthing, mooring, or anchoring > harbour or port > [noun] > jetty or pier the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > structures protecting from water or flooding > [noun] > mole or pier 1830 ‘Philo Vectis’ iii. 49 There are excellent jetties for landing by boat at the Marine Hotel, and the Vine Inn. 1845 Min. Evid. State Tidal Harbours (Tidal Harbours Comm.) 118 in XVI If jetties sufficient for public accommodation upon open piles were raised, would not that prevent the accumulation [of silt] which is now going on at those several boat jetties? 1886 June 719/2 The skiff is now down at the jetty, moored all right. 1901 10 233/1 Four gentlemen..came to the Jetty and asked witness if they could have a boat. 1930 A. Ransome i. 15 Below the farm at Holly Howe the field sloped steeply to a little bay where there was a boathouse and a jetty. 2002 No. 13. 76/1 The sea is emerald green and the boats knock gently against a tumbledown jetty. society > travel > air or space travel > airfield or airport > [noun] > airport > portable bridge 1967 (Inst. Civil Engineers) 84 They will board the aircraft from an air jetty or similar flexible device. 1988 18 Mar. 33/1 The new passenger walkway jetties can't stoop down towards the low-slung doors of the 1-11. 1993 (Nexis) 4 Nov. 6 The former Soviet leader walked along the jetty from his plane among the other passengers on the scheduled evening service. 1998 (Nexis) 12 June 19 Two extra air jetties will allow passengers to board aircraft straight from the lounge. 2005 Autumn 9/1 There will be no jetties. ‘Budget carriers prefer that the passengers walk directly to the plane.’ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > [noun] > bastion 1550 King Edward VI Jrnl. in (Roxb.) 307 At the west gitie [of Cales] there should bee another gittie which should defend the vitaylers of the towne..frome shott from the sandhills. 1624 E. Winslow 4 Wee thought it most needfull to impale our Towne, which with all expedition wee accomplished,..making foure bulwarkes or ietties without the ordinarie circuit of the pale. 1736 T. Prince anno 1622 Made four bulwarks or jetties, whence we can defend the whole town. 1789 v. 118 The entrance of the road was meant to be between the ends of these two jetties, and would have been about a mile in width, defended by strong forts at the end of each jettée. 1867 R. Palmer 52 Henry VI granted them land..to build a tower and jettee. 1683 J. Phillips tr. G.-J. Grelot 17 They know nothing of..the Promontory or Town of Raetion,..being ignorant whether it were upon that Cape where now stands the new Castle of Asia, or upon that same jetty of Land [Fr. avance de terre] near to the Mouth of Xanthus and Simois. 1833 J. Hodgson in J. Raine (1858) II. 314 Jetties or binks of hard rock here and there protrude from the line of the perpendicular scars. 2005 (Nexis) 24 Apr. 145 There..are several businesses, shops and restaurants along the narrow jetty of land sticking about four miles into Kachemak Bay. Compounds C1. 1646 J. Smith 1 An unavoydable destruction upon our town of Margate through want of timely repair of the Jettee works. 1792 W. Walton 18 Let the extreme corner of the Marsh..be well secured with substantial, but not projecting Jetty-work. 1875 23 Oct. (1876) 77/2 The river itself is continually employing the jetty system, and..nature makes parallel not converging jetties. 1881 E. L. Corthell (ed. 2) v. 50 A chart of the mouth of the Oder..shows jetty lines, some of which, near the land, are marked 1756. 1911 XXIII. 381/2 The shoaling in the jetty channel necessitated its reduction in width... The outer channel was..narrowed by the alluvium..deposited in front of the jetty outlet. 1998 J. M. Barry iii. 78 Until his jetty contract was secure, Eads refrained from comment on it. b. 1884 R. L. Stevenson 16 Mar. (1899) I. 311 I at the jetty end, and one or two of my bold blades keeping the crowd at bay. 1936 J. Masefield (1946) 804 The poet stopped above the jetty-end: ‘I will not follow to the pier,’ he said. 2007 (Nexis) 6 May 115 The Wallaroo jetty end has blue crabs, along with big tommies. C2. society > travel > travel by water > berthing, mooring, or anchoring > harbour or port > [noun] > wharf or quay > types of 1731 F. Hall 9 Where Stone is not so easily procured, it is usual to carry out the Pier or Jetty Heads with such sort of Work as the said Bridge. 1823 J. White viii. 113 On the northern jetty head is a light-house, and on the other a small battery. 1901 G. Gissing xxvii. 396 Green and red lamps shone from the lighthouse at the jetty head. Derivatives society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > [adverb] > projecting part 1667 C. Merret in (Royal Soc.) 2 465 The Garret~windows are Jetty-wise. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). jettyadj.1 Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: jet n.2, -y suffix1. Etymology: < jet n.2 + -y suffix1. the world > matter > colour > named colours > black or blackness > [adjective] > typically black > as jet 1477–8 (Caxton) (1882) l. 44 Your naylis loke they be not gety blacke [a1477 Oriel 79 (2) geet blake, a1550 Balliol gety blake]. 1590 C. Marlowe sig. D3 His..Ietty Feathers menace death and hell. 1607 T. Walkington Ep. to Rdr. 4 Venus had her mole..Cynthia her spots, the Swan her ieaty feete. 1622 M. Drayton xxvi. 124 Amongst the Moores, the Iettiest blacke are deem'd The beautifulst of them. 1684 J. Banks iii. i. 36 She is beholden to her Sable Dress, As, through a Jetty Sky Stars glitter most. 1735 J. Swift Receipt to Stella in II. 219 Your jetty Locks with Garlands crown'd. 1761 R. Cumberland v. i. 77 Bid the sun blanch the raven's jetty plume, Tho' Nature steep'd it in her darkest dye, And it shall sooner take a dove-like hue, Than their fell hearts remorse. 1783 (Royal Soc.) 73 221 The caterpillar..is of a jetty black, smooth as to a privation of hair, but covered with innumerable wrinkles. 1810 W. Scott ii. 47 At morn the black-cock trims his jetty wing. 1834 W. H. Ainsworth II. iii. ii. 228 Hair, of the jettiest die. 1858 Apr. 658/2 These, with her jetty hair and eyes, enhanced the apparent fairness of her complexion. 1860 H. MacDonald (ed. 3) xxi. 421 The berries of the trailing bramble are seen in large clusters, varying in hue from the brightest red to the most jetty black. 1901 E. Arnold 100 The black, curled hair, Clustered on shining brow and velvet nape In such wise that no diadem was lacked To grace its jetty glory. 1925 J. Dos Passos ii. iv. 206 An ivoryskinned young woman with heavy sullen eyes and jetty hair came into the room. 2000 Jan.–Feb. 59/3 An anhinga stands on a broad cypress limb, holding out his jetty wings. society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > jet > [adjective] the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > hydrocarbon minerals > [adjective] > coal > jet 1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler (ed. 7) III. 9 The jetty matter appears to have first entered the pores of the bone, and there hardened. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † jettyadj.2Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: jet n.3, jet v.2, -y suffix1. Etymology: < either jet n.3 or jet v.2 + -y suffix1. Compare later jutty adj. Obsolete. rare. the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > protuberance or rounded projection > [adjective] ?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer ii. D iij b Twise twentie Iettie sailes with him the swelling streame did take. 1805 J. Baillie (ed. 2) iii. ii. 49 Yon rock,..that o'er the waves Just shews its jetty point, and will, ere long, Beneath the tide be hid. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2020). jettyv.1Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: jetty n. Etymology: < jetty n. Compare jutty v. and later jet v.2 6. 1. Architecture. society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > build or construct [verb (transitive)] > build outwards 1438 in L. F. Salzman (1992) App. B. 511 Too chambrys on the south ende..conteynynge in lengthe be the ground of the strete xviij feet with dubble stage geteyyd acordynge to the scantelonys of the newe chambris of the Lyon. 1449 in (1830) II. p. liv (MED) The seid new house shall have ye flores geteid of the est side. 1583 in J. Ainsworth (1937) V. 158 Thomas osborne did Jettie his frame into the further then he should have done. 1598 J. Florio It is properly to ietty out or indent stones or timber of any vnfinished building, that another may the easier be ioyned vnto, or that finished. 1959 ii. 174/1 The timber-framed building above..is jettied out some 2¼ ft. on either side. 1989 A. Aird 47 Its striking Elizabethan timbered façade, jettied out over the village street, still has a coach entry. 2000 J. Backhouse 50 The third house from the left in the upper row is jettied out over the square. society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > [verb (intransitive)] > project 1598 J. Florio To iut, to iettie, or butte forth, as some parts of a building do, further then the rest. 1606 tr. Suetonius 130 Open galleries jettying out. 1615 G. Sandys 120 Goodly buildings, having galleries..which ietty over, sustained upon pillars. 1657 Contract for Armory in E. M. Avery (1905) II. 372 The wholl Building to Jetty over three foot without the Pillers everie way..according to A modell or draught Presented to us. 1853 (S.P.C.K.) No. 73 483 His audience-hall, from the centre of which a species of alcove jettied out into the sea. 1911 12 117 This militant merchant tailor sat above his shop..in the chamber which ‘jettied out’ over the street. 1997 B. McCrea et al. 140 There's a truly wonderful tasting room balcony, jettying out over the vineyards trailing up Paarl Mountain. 1999 M. Gelernter ii. 52 In the normal medieval pattern, second-floor walls often jettied over the ground floor, and steep roofs sometimes jettied over the entire building. society > travel > means of travel > route or way > other means of passage or access > [verb (intransitive)] > provide with parts of bridge 1805 R. Parkinson ii. xxv. 482 They [sc. ditches] would soon lodge up, and consequently want jettying on the sides. 1889 16 Feb. 105/2 The expense will be but moderate, by jettying with brush and pile, and finally strengthening of stone. 1912 (Atlantic Deeper Waterways Assoc.) 314 A new entrance to the bay has been cut and jettied, and some dredging has been done in the section of the bay selected for the anchorage basin. 1930 4 Mar. 10/5 The engineering department is preparing plans for the contractors to start at once with a force jettying the hills around culverts. 1996 (Nexis) 20 Mar. b1 Fish packing plants were expected to flourish after Oregon Inlet was dredged and jettied. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † jettyv.2Origin: Apparently a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: jet v.1 Etymology: Apparently an alteration (for the purposes of rhyme) of jet v.1 (compare jet v.1 2a). Obsolete. rare. the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > act or do vigorously [verb (intransitive)] > be brisk or active 1570 T. Tusser (new ed.) f. 26v Some knack not vnpretie, of Huswiferie nettie, how Huswiues should iettie from morning to night. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2020). <  n.1422 adj.11477 adj.2?1611v.11438v.21570 |
