jackaln.

Brit.

/ˈdʒakl/,

/ˈdʒakɔːl/, U.S.

/ˈdʒækəl/

Forms: 1600s chacall, 1600s ciacal, 1600s iacal, 1600s iaccal, 1600s iaccall, 1600s iackall, 1600s iagale, 1600s iakal, 1600s jac-call, 1600s jacal, 1600s jaccal, 1600s jaccall, 1600s jackalle, 1600s jackcal, 1600s jacol, 1600s jakhal, 1600s joe-caul, 1600s–1700s iackal, 1600s–1700s jack-call, 1600s–1700s jackcall, 1600s–1800s chacal, 1600s–1800s jackall, 1600s– jackal, 1700s shackall, 1700s siacalle, 1700s–1800s shackal, 1800s shakal.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Turkish. Partly a borrowing from Persian. Etymons: Ottoman Turkish čaqāl; Persian šaġāl.

Etymology: < (i) Ottoman Turkish čaqāl (early 15th cent.; Turkish çakal), and its etymon (ii) Persian šaġāl, šagāl, šakāl (11th cent. or earlier), of unknown and probably non-Indo-European origin (apparently related to Sanskrit sṛgāla (also śṛgāla) jackal, although the nature of the relationship is uncertain).Compare post-classical Latin ciacales , plural (16th cent.), French chacal (1646 as ciacal ), and German Schakal (1647 or earlier). Compare also Dutch jakhals , singular (1653 as jackhals ; perhaps based on an English plural form; also †sjakal (1698)). The English word was formerly sometimes stressed on the second syllable. The form jack-call (and perhaps also some others) may show association with the male forename Jack (see Jack n.²; compare especially Compounds 3 at that entry); the form joe-caul may show a further alteration of this type, after the male forename Joe (see Joe n.²). In these forms perhaps also associated with call n., on account of the jackal's distinctive cry. N.E.D. (1900) gives only the pronunciation (dʒæ·kǭl) /ˈdʒækɔːl/. U.S. pronouncing dictionaries give this as the main or sole pronunciation until the 1960s, while current British ones still give it as the primary pronunciation. The pronunciation with a reduced vowel or syllabic l in the second syllable seems to be first recorded in the mid 20th century (e.g. in Webster's Third New Internat. Dict.1961) and is now usual in the U.S.

1. Any of various fox-like members of the dog family found in the Old World; spec. each of three slender, long-legged wild dogs of the genus Canis, feeding on carrion, game, and fruit and often hunting cooperatively, found in Africa and southern Eurasia.Formerly supposed to precede the lion and seek out its prey: see the lion's provider at lion n. 2f.black-backed jackal, golden jackal, saddleback jackal, silver jackal, etc.: see the first element. Cf. also maanhaar jackal at maanhaar n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > [noun] > genus Canis > jackal

thos1601

jackal1603

jacco1648

the lion's provider1774

thous1839

jack1871

saddleback1947

1603 W. Biddulph Let. in S. Purchas Pilgrims (1625) viii. ix. 1337 About Scanderone there are many ravenous beasts about the bignesse of a Foxe, commonly called there Jackalles.

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. iii. iii. 249 A kind of beast little bigger then a Foxe..vulgarly called Iagale, vsed to..scratch the bodies of the dead out of their graues.

1659 D. Pell Πελαγος 255 The Lyon..will not seek his prey himself, but sends his Caterer, or Jack-call to run about to seek it.

1694 T. R. in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 18 276 Those Asiatick Foxes, vulgarly named by Travellers, Jakhals, or Jacals.

1702 W. J. tr. C. de Bruyn Voy. Levant x. 39 A great many Siacalles, or Wild Dogs.

1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea I. xxvi. 168 The Shackalls in the woods bark'd and howl'd.

1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India I. ii. vi. 266 He who has been bitten by a dog, a shakal, or an ass.

1831 D. M. Moir in Blackwood's Mag. 29 914 From burial fields the midnight chacal cried.

1860 P. H. Gosse Romance Nat. Hist. 237 The shriek of the jackal bursting on the ear in the silence of night.

1885 Bible (R.V.) Job xxx. 29 I am a brother to jackals [1611 dragons], and a companion to ostriches.

1915 T. Roosevelt & E. Heller Life-hist. Afr. Game Animals I. viii. 265 The skull of Lycaon is easily recognizable from that of a wolf or a jackal.

1947 J. Stevenson-Hamilton Wild Life S. Afr. ii. 23 The side-striped jackal..began to decrease... Its place had been taken by the black-backed jackal.

1977 R. Mehta Inside Haveli (1994) i. v. 42 Their voices faded only when the jackals howled and the dogs barked.

2011 Daily Tel. 4 Jan. 8/3 A jackal was no match for a Lappet-faced vulture when it came to fight over a carcase.

2. A person who acts like a jackal, esp. by behaving in an aggressive or predatory way, often operating as part of a group or gang; spec. a subordinate who carries out menial, dull, or preparatory work.With allusion to the supposed role of the jackal as ‘the lion's provider’; see the note at sense 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > types of servant > [noun] > menial servant or drudge

drivelc1225

meniala1387

druggarc1500

drudgea1513

kitchen wencha1556

coal carrier1567

droy1570

packhorse?1577

droil1579

blue coat1583

sumpter1587

mill-horse1602

subsizar1602

jackal1649

mediastine1658

slut1664

hack1699

scrub1709

Gibeonite1798

the lion's provider1808

slush1825

Slave of the Lampc1840

runabout1893

lobby-gow1906

squidge1907

dogsbody1922

legman1939

shit-kicker1950

1649 J. Cleveland Majestas Intemerata 9 John of Engolesm, the Kings Ancestor, is torn up by these Jackals.

1699 J. Wright Hist. Histrionica 9 Alexander Goffe, the Woman Actor at Blackfriers..used to be the Jackal and give notice of Time and Place.

1713 J. Addison in Guardian 2 June 2/1 A Lion, or Master-Spy, has several Jack-Calls under him, who are his Retailers in Intelligence.

1788 Morning Post 17 Mar. The introduction of this amour was owing to the readiness of a certain Officer, who is ever pleased to be the jackall of royalty.

1863 C. C. Clarke Shakespeare-characters xviii. 460 [Richard's] cruelty and ingratitude towards his jackal, Buckingham, who wrought hard to help him to his bad eminence.

1932 R. Macaulay They were Defeated i. vi. 41 Plague take it if one of Mr. Dell's jackals didn't come prowling around.

1975 W. Kennedy Legs (1983) 214 The harsh spotlight that Judge Seabury, his reformers, and the Republican jackals were..shining on the gangsterism and corruption so prevalent in New York City's Tammany Hall.

2008 N.Y. Mag. 4 Feb. 65/1 A land of sadistic jackals who mow down women (or use them as sex slaves).

3. Rugby Union.

a. A player who is skilled at or specializes in winning possession from the opposition by jackalling (see jackal v. 3a).Most commonly applied to a team's openside flanker. Originally in reference to Australian flanker George Smith.In quot. 2001 as a nickname for George Smith.

ΚΠ

2001 Sunday Times 10 June (Sport section) 10/1 A 20-year-old rugby union forward [sc. George Smith] who has played only three internationals for his country,..and who goes by the nickname of Jackal.]

2002 Canberra Times 18 Jan. (Final ed.) 37/2 [George] Smith enhanced his reputation as a renowned ‘jackal’ during the Brumbies' semi-final against the Queensland Reds, when he won a staggering 12 turnovers.

2005 South Wales Evening Post (Nexis) 7 May (Sport section) 56 Gavin Thomas and Simon Easterby are a pair of jackals who go around ruck areas diving on top of ball and slowing play down.

2016 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 18 Oct. (Sport section) 20 There are ways of managing the breakdown without having exceptional ‘jackals’ these days, as England have shown with James Haskell at seven.

b. Usually with the. The action of attempting to win possession from the opposition by jackalling (see jackal v. 3a); the winning of turnovers in this way; = jackalling n. 2. Also: a turnover won by jackalling.

ΚΠ

2002 Canberra Times 14 Apr. (Final ed.) 79/3 Royals were very good at the jackal at the breakdown and beat us there in numbers.

2003 Times 5 Nov. (Sport section) 40/2 Steve Hansen..pointed out that Charvis had recorded more tackles than any other Wales player, missed five more and ‘got five jackals’.

2013 S. Warburton Lions Triumphant ii. 54 It was a big hit and I drove him backwards before getting into position for the jackal.

Compounds

C1. General attributive, objective, and parasynthetic (in sense 1), as jackal cry, jackal-hunting, jackal skin, etc.; jackal-headed adj.

ΚΠ

1686 tr. J. Chardin Trav. Persia 76 The Seamen carry thither all the very same Commodities which they carry into Mingrelia..; Honey, Wax, Leather, and Chacal-Skins [Fr. des peaux de Chacal].

1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto IX xxvi. 18 Nor give my voice to Slavery's Jackall cry.

1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine (1858) Introd. 43 Endless processions of jackal-headed gods.

1900 Westm. Gaz. 19 Apr. 4/3 His chapters..on jackal-hunting are excellent.

1980 Botswana Notes & Rec. 12 103 The women had made matching skirts and head coverings, and some wore hats of jackal fur.

2003 Express & Echo (Exeter) (Nexis) 13 Nov. 21 A purpose-bred pack of fox hounds kept in kennels, fed summer and winter, and organised for a season's hunting is a completely different thing from a wild jackal pack.

C2.

jackal buzzard n. an African bird of prey with black, white, and chestnut plumage, Buteo rufofuscus, having a call that resembles that of a jackal.

ΚΠ

1862 Rep. Council Zool. Soc. London 22 Two Jackal Buzzards.

1923 A. K. Haagner & R. H. Ivy Sketches S. Afr. Bird-life 97 The Jackal Buzzard (Buteo jakal) is fairly common throughout South Africa.

2016 Sunday Times (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 9 Oct. This jackal buzzard did a landing in front of us and then proceeded to march with such attitude straight towards us.

jackal-proof adj. secure against jackals; spec. (of fencing or netting) effective in preventing jackals from gaining access.

ΚΠ

1889 H. A. Bryden Kloof & Karroo 249 This fencing..is now, by an ingenious arrangement of wires laid flat upon the ground, rendered jackal proof.

1896 R. Wallace Farming Industries Cape Colony xvii. 339 Safety can be secured for the breeding flock by enclosing them in a camp protected by a jackal-proof fence.

1924 D. Mills Road to Timbuktu xiii. 167 It would have taken a long time to dig a jackal-proof grave.

1937 Charleville Times (Brisbane) 8 Jan. 1/3 Farming in South Africa... Beating the Jackal... The practice of yarding flocks nightly is slowly yielding to the better management of erecting jackal-proof netting.

?1967 Sheep in Rhodesia (Rhodesia Sheep Producers Assoc.) 11 At night sheep are run into a netted jackal-proof yard.

2005 Africa News (Nexis) 15 Apr. The obligatory jackal-proof fences on sheep farms in southern Namibia are considered as game-proof fences for non-jumping game.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

jackalv.

Brit.

/ˈdʒakl/,

/ˈdʒakɔːl/, U.S.

/ˈdʒækəl/

Inflections: Present participle jackalling, jackaling; past tense and past participle jackalled, jackaled;

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: jackal n.

Etymology: < jackal n.

†1. transitive. To satisfy (one's appetite). Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use.With allusion to the supposed role of the jackal as ‘the lion's provider’; see the note at jackal n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pleasure > contentment or satisfaction > be content or satisfied with [verb (transitive)] > content or satisfy > a desire or appetite

stanchc1315

queema1325

slakec1325

fill1340

servea1393

feedc1400

exploita1425

assuagec1430

astaunchc1430

slocken?1507

eslakec1530

sate1534

saturate1538

appease1549

glut1549

answer1594

exsatiate1599

embaitc1620

palliate1631

recreate1643

still1657

jackal1803

1803 S. J. Pratt Gleanings in Eng. (ed. 2) III. xvii. 456 The cormorant character now jackalling his lion appetite before me.

2. intransitive. Originally: to carry out menial, dull, or preparatory work for another. Later also more generally: to act like a jackal, esp. by behaving in an aggressive or predatory way.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > types of servant > [verb (intransitive)] > act as menial

jackal1808

slut1829

1808 Let. 10 Aug. in F. Armstrong Lett. to Duke of Sussex (1813) 43 These self-elected judges of military merit, are persons..in the lowest middle rank of life, who..have coalesced in groupes, to create a weekly newspaper; or who gain a precarious existence by jackaling, or paragraphing for a daily one.

1890 Notes & Queries 31 May 432/2 She hunted for these [sc. trade-cards] and many other trifles high and low, and got her friends to jackal for her.

1941 ‘M. Innes’ Appleby on Ararat xx. 140 Do you think I take you for any better than the pirate-scum you're jackalling after?

1943 Iron Age 1 July 80/2 While jackaling we might as well feed on another kill of Ed Robie's.

1989 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 20 July (Late ed.) (Travel & Leisure section 1) In Kenya, if you spot a pride of lions there will be 12 minibuses packed with Japanese tourists jackalling in for the kill with serried ranks of cameras.

1997 D. J. Dodson By Love Redeemed x. 141 Who are you jackaling for this time? Ellenshaw is dead.

3. Rugby Union. Cf. jackal n. 3, jackalling n. 2.

a. transitive. To win or attempt to win possession from (an opposition player who has been tackled) by stretching over the tackled player and trying to wrestle the ball back towards one's own side; to win or attempt to win (the ball) in this way.

ΚΠ

2005 G. Henson in Mail on Sunday 16 Oct. 118/4 As I was on the ground, O'Driscoll came in and tried to ‘jackal’ me.

2010 Western Mail (Cardiff) (Nexis) 6 Feb. (Sport section) 58 We've been told you've got to release the tackled person first and then attempt to ‘jackal’ the ball.

2015 G. Hickie & E. Donaldson Rugby Revealed ii. 177/2 If the ball carrier doesn't present the ball correctly, is slow to do it, or his support is slow to arrive..there is an opportunity for the defensive team to poach or jackal the ball.

b. intransitive. To attempt to win possession from the opposition by jackalling (see sense 3a); to win a turnover in this way.

ΚΠ

2011 Times 4 Oct. (Sport section) 68/4 We have people who are good at jackalling over the ball.

2013 S. Warburton Lions Triumphant ii. 57 I wasn't always in the habit of..lifting my arm in the air to signify that I had released the player, before beginning to jackal.

2016 South Wales Argus (Nexis) 12 Mar. (Sport section) A home defence inspired by novice lock Itoje, the Saracens man tackling, disrupting and then jackalling to win a penalty to clear.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	jackal
释义	jackaln. Brit. /ˈdʒakl/, /ˈdʒakɔːl/, U.S. /ˈdʒækəl/ Forms: 1600s chacall, 1600s ciacal, 1600s iacal, 1600s iaccal, 1600s iaccall, 1600s iackall, 1600s iagale, 1600s iakal, 1600s jac-call, 1600s jacal, 1600s jaccal, 1600s jaccall, 1600s jackalle, 1600s jackcal, 1600s jacol, 1600s jakhal, 1600s joe-caul, 1600s–1700s iackal, 1600s–1700s jack-call, 1600s–1700s jackcall, 1600s–1800s chacal, 1600s–1800s jackall, 1600s– jackal, 1700s shackall, 1700s siacalle, 1700s–1800s shackal, 1800s shakal. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Turkish. Partly a borrowing from Persian. Etymons: Ottoman Turkish čaqāl; Persian šaġāl. Etymology: < (i) Ottoman Turkish čaqāl (early 15th cent.; Turkish çakal), and its etymon (ii) Persian šaġāl, šagāl, šakāl (11th cent. or earlier), of unknown and probably non-Indo-European origin (apparently related to Sanskrit sṛgāla (also śṛgāla) jackal, although the nature of the relationship is uncertain).Compare post-classical Latin ciacales , plural (16th cent.), French chacal (1646 as ciacal ), and German Schakal (1647 or earlier). Compare also Dutch jakhals , singular (1653 as jackhals ; perhaps based on an English plural form; also †sjakal (1698)). The English word was formerly sometimes stressed on the second syllable. The form jack-call (and perhaps also some others) may show association with the male forename Jack (see Jack n.²; compare especially Compounds 3 at that entry); the form joe-caul may show a further alteration of this type, after the male forename Joe (see Joe n.²). In these forms perhaps also associated with call n., on account of the jackal's distinctive cry. N.E.D. (1900) gives only the pronunciation (dʒæ·kǭl) /ˈdʒækɔːl/. U.S. pronouncing dictionaries give this as the main or sole pronunciation until the 1960s, while current British ones still give it as the primary pronunciation. The pronunciation with a reduced vowel or syllabic l in the second syllable seems to be first recorded in the mid 20th century (e.g. in Webster's Third New Internat. Dict.1961) and is now usual in the U.S. 1. Any of various fox-like members of the dog family found in the Old World; spec. each of three slender, long-legged wild dogs of the genus Canis, feeding on carrion, game, and fruit and often hunting cooperatively, found in Africa and southern Eurasia.Formerly supposed to precede the lion and seek out its prey: see the lion's provider at lion n. 2f.black-backed jackal, golden jackal, saddleback jackal, silver jackal, etc.: see the first element. Cf. also maanhaar jackal at maanhaar n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > [noun] > genus Canis > jackal thos1601 jackal1603 jacco1648 the lion's provider1774 thous1839 jack1871 saddleback1947 1603 W. Biddulph Let. in S. Purchas Pilgrims (1625) viii. ix. 1337 About Scanderone there are many ravenous beasts about the bignesse of a Foxe, commonly called there Jackalles. 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. iii. iii. 249 A kind of beast little bigger then a Foxe..vulgarly called Iagale, vsed to..scratch the bodies of the dead out of their graues. 1659 D. Pell Πελαγος 255 The Lyon..will not seek his prey himself, but sends his Caterer, or Jack-call to run about to seek it. 1694 T. R. in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 18 276 Those Asiatick Foxes, vulgarly named by Travellers, Jakhals, or Jacals. 1702 W. J. tr. C. de Bruyn Voy. Levant x. 39 A great many Siacalles, or Wild Dogs. 1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea I. xxvi. 168 The Shackalls in the woods bark'd and howl'd. 1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India I. ii. vi. 266 He who has been bitten by a dog, a shakal, or an ass. 1831 D. M. Moir in Blackwood's Mag. 29 914 From burial fields the midnight chacal cried. 1860 P. H. Gosse Romance Nat. Hist. 237 The shriek of the jackal bursting on the ear in the silence of night. 1885 Bible (R.V.) Job xxx. 29 I am a brother to jackals [1611 dragons], and a companion to ostriches. 1915 T. Roosevelt & E. Heller Life-hist. Afr. Game Animals I. viii. 265 The skull of Lycaon is easily recognizable from that of a wolf or a jackal. 1947 J. Stevenson-Hamilton Wild Life S. Afr. ii. 23 The side-striped jackal..began to decrease... Its place had been taken by the black-backed jackal. 1977 R. Mehta Inside Haveli (1994) i. v. 42 Their voices faded only when the jackals howled and the dogs barked. 2011 Daily Tel. 4 Jan. 8/3 A jackal was no match for a Lappet-faced vulture when it came to fight over a carcase. 2. A person who acts like a jackal, esp. by behaving in an aggressive or predatory way, often operating as part of a group or gang; spec. a subordinate who carries out menial, dull, or preparatory work.With allusion to the supposed role of the jackal as ‘the lion's provider’; see the note at sense 1. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > servant > types of servant > [noun] > menial servant or drudge drivelc1225 meniala1387 druggarc1500 drudgea1513 kitchen wencha1556 coal carrier1567 droy1570 packhorse?1577 droil1579 blue coat1583 sumpter1587 mill-horse1602 subsizar1602 jackal1649 mediastine1658 slut1664 hack1699 scrub1709 Gibeonite1798 the lion's provider1808 slush1825 Slave of the Lampc1840 runabout1893 lobby-gow1906 squidge1907 dogsbody1922 legman1939 shit-kicker1950 1649 J. Cleveland Majestas Intemerata 9 John of Engolesm, the Kings Ancestor, is torn up by these Jackals. 1699 J. Wright Hist. Histrionica 9 Alexander Goffe, the Woman Actor at Blackfriers..used to be the Jackal and give notice of Time and Place. 1713 J. Addison in Guardian 2 June 2/1 A Lion, or Master-Spy, has several Jack-Calls under him, who are his Retailers in Intelligence. 1788 Morning Post 17 Mar. The introduction of this amour was owing to the readiness of a certain Officer, who is ever pleased to be the jackall of royalty. 1863 C. C. Clarke Shakespeare-characters xviii. 460 [Richard's] cruelty and ingratitude towards his jackal, Buckingham, who wrought hard to help him to his bad eminence. 1932 R. Macaulay They were Defeated i. vi. 41 Plague take it if one of Mr. Dell's jackals didn't come prowling around. 1975 W. Kennedy Legs (1983) 214 The harsh spotlight that Judge Seabury, his reformers, and the Republican jackals were..shining on the gangsterism and corruption so prevalent in New York City's Tammany Hall. 2008 N.Y. Mag. 4 Feb. 65/1 A land of sadistic jackals who mow down women (or use them as sex slaves). 3. Rugby Union. a. A player who is skilled at or specializes in winning possession from the opposition by jackalling (see jackal v. 3a).Most commonly applied to a team's openside flanker. Originally in reference to Australian flanker George Smith.In quot. 2001 as a nickname for George Smith. ΚΠ 2001 Sunday Times 10 June (Sport section) 10/1 A 20-year-old rugby union forward [sc. George Smith] who has played only three internationals for his country,..and who goes by the nickname of Jackal.] 2002 Canberra Times 18 Jan. (Final ed.) 37/2 [George] Smith enhanced his reputation as a renowned ‘jackal’ during the Brumbies' semi-final against the Queensland Reds, when he won a staggering 12 turnovers. 2005 South Wales Evening Post (Nexis) 7 May (Sport section) 56 Gavin Thomas and Simon Easterby are a pair of jackals who go around ruck areas diving on top of ball and slowing play down. 2016 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 18 Oct. (Sport section) 20 There are ways of managing the breakdown without having exceptional ‘jackals’ these days, as England have shown with James Haskell at seven. b. Usually with the. The action of attempting to win possession from the opposition by jackalling (see jackal v. 3a); the winning of turnovers in this way; = jackalling n. 2. Also: a turnover won by jackalling. ΚΠ 2002 Canberra Times 14 Apr. (Final ed.) 79/3 Royals were very good at the jackal at the breakdown and beat us there in numbers. 2003 Times 5 Nov. (Sport section) 40/2 Steve Hansen..pointed out that Charvis had recorded more tackles than any other Wales player, missed five more and ‘got five jackals’. 2013 S. Warburton Lions Triumphant ii. 54 It was a big hit and I drove him backwards before getting into position for the jackal. Compounds C1. General attributive, objective, and parasynthetic (in sense 1), as jackal cry, jackal-hunting, jackal skin, etc.; jackal-headed adj. ΚΠ 1686 tr. J. Chardin Trav. Persia 76 The Seamen carry thither all the very same Commodities which they carry into Mingrelia..; Honey, Wax, Leather, and Chacal-Skins [Fr. des peaux de Chacal]. 1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto IX xxvi. 18 Nor give my voice to Slavery's Jackall cry. 1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine (1858) Introd. 43 Endless processions of jackal-headed gods. 1900 Westm. Gaz. 19 Apr. 4/3 His chapters..on jackal-hunting are excellent. 1980 Botswana Notes & Rec. 12 103 The women had made matching skirts and head coverings, and some wore hats of jackal fur. 2003 Express & Echo (Exeter) (Nexis) 13 Nov. 21 A purpose-bred pack of fox hounds kept in kennels, fed summer and winter, and organised for a season's hunting is a completely different thing from a wild jackal pack. C2. jackal buzzard n. an African bird of prey with black, white, and chestnut plumage, Buteo rufofuscus, having a call that resembles that of a jackal. ΚΠ 1862 Rep. Council Zool. Soc. London 22 Two Jackal Buzzards. 1923 A. K. Haagner & R. H. Ivy Sketches S. Afr. Bird-life 97 The Jackal Buzzard (Buteo jakal) is fairly common throughout South Africa. 2016 Sunday Times (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 9 Oct. This jackal buzzard did a landing in front of us and then proceeded to march with such attitude straight towards us. jackal-proof adj. secure against jackals; spec. (of fencing or netting) effective in preventing jackals from gaining access. ΚΠ 1889 H. A. Bryden Kloof & Karroo 249 This fencing..is now, by an ingenious arrangement of wires laid flat upon the ground, rendered jackal proof. 1896 R. Wallace Farming Industries Cape Colony xvii. 339 Safety can be secured for the breeding flock by enclosing them in a camp protected by a jackal-proof fence. 1924 D. Mills Road to Timbuktu xiii. 167 It would have taken a long time to dig a jackal-proof grave. 1937 Charleville Times (Brisbane) 8 Jan. 1/3 Farming in South Africa... Beating the Jackal... The practice of yarding flocks nightly is slowly yielding to the better management of erecting jackal-proof netting. ?1967 Sheep in Rhodesia (Rhodesia Sheep Producers Assoc.) 11 At night sheep are run into a netted jackal-proof yard. 2005 Africa News (Nexis) 15 Apr. The obligatory jackal-proof fences on sheep farms in southern Namibia are considered as game-proof fences for non-jumping game. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). jackalv. Brit. /ˈdʒakl/, /ˈdʒakɔːl/, U.S. /ˈdʒækəl/ Inflections: Present participle jackalling, jackaling; past tense and past participle jackalled, jackaled; Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: jackal n. Etymology: < jackal n. †1. transitive. To satisfy (one's appetite). Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use.With allusion to the supposed role of the jackal as ‘the lion's provider’; see the note at jackal n. 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > contentment or satisfaction > be content or satisfied with [verb (transitive)] > content or satisfy > a desire or appetite stanchc1315 queema1325 slakec1325 fill1340 servea1393 feedc1400 exploita1425 assuagec1430 astaunchc1430 slocken?1507 eslakec1530 sate1534 saturate1538 appease1549 glut1549 answer1594 exsatiate1599 embaitc1620 palliate1631 recreate1643 still1657 jackal1803 1803 S. J. Pratt Gleanings in Eng. (ed. 2) III. xvii. 456 The cormorant character now jackalling his lion appetite before me. 2. intransitive. Originally: to carry out menial, dull, or preparatory work for another. Later also more generally: to act like a jackal, esp. by behaving in an aggressive or predatory way. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > servant > types of servant > [verb (intransitive)] > act as menial jackal1808 slut1829 1808 Let. 10 Aug. in F. Armstrong Lett. to Duke of Sussex (1813) 43 These self-elected judges of military merit, are persons..in the lowest middle rank of life, who..have coalesced in groupes, to create a weekly newspaper; or who gain a precarious existence by jackaling, or paragraphing for a daily one. 1890 Notes & Queries 31 May 432/2 She hunted for these [sc. trade-cards] and many other trifles high and low, and got her friends to jackal for her. 1941 ‘M. Innes’ Appleby on Ararat xx. 140 Do you think I take you for any better than the pirate-scum you're jackalling after? 1943 Iron Age 1 July 80/2 While jackaling we might as well feed on another kill of Ed Robie's. 1989 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 20 July (Late ed.) (Travel & Leisure section 1) In Kenya, if you spot a pride of lions there will be 12 minibuses packed with Japanese tourists jackalling in for the kill with serried ranks of cameras. 1997 D. J. Dodson By Love Redeemed x. 141 Who are you jackaling for this time? Ellenshaw is dead. 3. Rugby Union. Cf. jackal n. 3, jackalling n. 2. a. transitive. To win or attempt to win possession from (an opposition player who has been tackled) by stretching over the tackled player and trying to wrestle the ball back towards one's own side; to win or attempt to win (the ball) in this way. ΚΠ 2005 G. Henson in Mail on Sunday 16 Oct. 118/4 As I was on the ground, O'Driscoll came in and tried to ‘jackal’ me. 2010 Western Mail (Cardiff) (Nexis) 6 Feb. (Sport section) 58 We've been told you've got to release the tackled person first and then attempt to ‘jackal’ the ball. 2015 G. Hickie & E. Donaldson Rugby Revealed ii. 177/2 If the ball carrier doesn't present the ball correctly, is slow to do it, or his support is slow to arrive..there is an opportunity for the defensive team to poach or jackal the ball. b. intransitive. To attempt to win possession from the opposition by jackalling (see sense 3a); to win a turnover in this way. ΚΠ 2011 Times 4 Oct. (Sport section) 68/4 We have people who are good at jackalling over the ball. 2013 S. Warburton Lions Triumphant ii. 57 I wasn't always in the habit of..lifting my arm in the air to signify that I had released the player, before beginning to jackal. 2016 South Wales Argus (Nexis) 12 Mar. (Sport section) A home defence inspired by novice lock Itoje, the Saracens man tackling, disrupting and then jackalling to win a penalty to clear. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1603v.1803
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