johnnycaken.

Brit.

/ˈdʒɒnɪkeɪk/, U.S.

/ˈdʒɑniˌkeɪk/, Australian English

/ˈdʒɔniˌkæek/, Caribbean English

/ˈdʒaniˌkeːk/

Forms: 1700s– johnnycake, 1800s– johnniecake, 1800s– johnycake, 1800s– jonniecake, 1800s– jonnycake, 1900s– johhnycake, 1900s– johniecake. Also with capital initial.

Origin: Of uncertain origin.

Etymology: Origin uncertain.The cake is said to have its origin in the slave communities of North America. Although it has been suggested that it could be a folk-etymological alteration (after the male forename Johnny : see Johnny n.) of journey cake n., in the same sense, the latter compound is only attested later (from 1754) and may rather be a rationalization of johnnycake . Perhaps compare two other terms for various kinds of baked goods, which have also been suggested as etymons of this word (and may be related to each other): obsolete North American jonikin n. and English regional (northern) jannock n. It is unclear how sense 2 was transmitted from the northern hemisphere to antipodean varieties of English, or whether it shows an independent development.

1. Chiefly U.S. regional (now esp. northern; originally colonial). A simple flat cake made of cornmeal, traditionally unleavened, and typically cooked on a griddle or baked in a pan. Also as a mass noun. Cf. hoecake n. N.E.D. (1901) states: ‘In the Southern States toasted before a fire, elsewhere usually baked in a pan.’

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > loaf > [noun] > flat cake of bread

cakec1225

tharf-cake1362

cake-breadc1400

bannock1483

bere bannockc1550

torte1555

fadge1609

breadcake1635

riddle cake1673

jonikin1676

tortilla1699

cookie1701

johnnycake1739

journey cake1754

galette1775

pone1796

riddle bread1797

ash-cake1809

chapatti1810

papad1813

poppadom1820

puri1831

roti1838

Rhode Island johnnycake1866

wrap1969

chapo1993

1739 S.-Carolina Gaz. 22 Dec. 4/2 (advt.) (Th. Suppl.) New Iron Plates to cook Johnny Cakes or gridel bread on.

1796 J. Barlow Hasty-pudding i, in N.Y. Mag. Jan. 44 Rich Johnny-cake, this mouth has often tri'd.

1832 G. H. Hume Canada as it Is 15 In the winter of 1829, the wheat crop having partially failed, many people substituted the johnny cakes for bread throughout the winter.

1873 Ladies Repository July 54/2 Every known combination of Indian-meal, from mush-and-milk and Johnny-cake..to frosted sweet-cakes and puff-tarts.

1935 Amer. Girl July 5/2 Take a chunk of johnnycake to stay yourselves, and get the pails full.

2016 Chicago Daily Herald (Nexis) 28 Dec. 2 Other supporters brought a feast of turkey, succotash and johnnycakes.

2. Chiefly Australian and New Zealand. An unleavened flatbread made of wheat flour and water (and occasionally other ingredients such as sugar or suet), typically baked in hot ashes; a damper (damper n. 6).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > [noun] > unleavened bread

biscuit cake1593

matzo1650

lavash1662

flatbread1762

fladbröd1799

damper1827

johnnycake1827

bammy1852

salt-rising bread1854

paratha1935

roti canai1974

roti prata1980

1827 Monitor (Sydney) 12 July 507/1 ‘A pot of soup’, ‘a fat cake’, ‘a johnny-cake’, or ‘fritters’..were the delicacies which such a God-send would plentifully afford.

1890 Argus (Melbourne) 16 Aug. 13/1 Here I, a new chum, could..make a sweet and wholesome johnny cake.

1938 Auckland Star 24 Oct. 15/4 I wish Petunia would feed him a mess of ground glass in his johnnycake.

2018 Blacktown (Austral.) Advocate (Nexis) 4 July 25 Learn about traditional bush foods and make a johnnycake.

3. Caribbean and New Zealand. A large scone, typically sweetened, fried or baked in an oven, and (in the Caribbean) often served at breakfast. Also (Caribbean): a dumpling, fried or boiled.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > puddings > [noun] > dumplings

dumpling1600

Norfolk dumpling1600

macaroni1616

doughboy1685

pot-ball1688

potato dumpling1765

fungee1789

hop-about1820

knödel1827

johnnycake1831

dough ball1836

Salzburger nockerl1855

pierogi1863

gnocchi1891

cob1898

matzo ball1902

knaidel1903

pizzelle1912

knish1916

mandlen1944

shumai1951

nockerl1954

potsticker1963

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > food by way of preparation > [noun] > cooked food > fried food

fry1639

skirl-in-the-pan1816

johnnycake1831

hash cake1868

fry-up1967

1831 W. O. Porter & J. Porter Sir Edward Seaward's Narr. I. 229 My dear helpmate made us some johnny cakes, a West Indian sort of tea-bread.

1893 C. Sullivan Jamaica Cookery Bk. ix. 90 Johnny or Journey Cakes... Roll about half an inch thick, cut in rounds with a small tumbler or pan and bake on gridiron. Open, butter, cover again and serve.

1922 ‘K. Mansfield’ Garden Party 36 Tea was laid on the parlour table—ham, sardines, a whole pound of butter, and such a large johnny cake that it looked like an advertisement for somebody's baking-powder.

1952 S. Selvon Brighter Sun vi. 109 Over there, nastiness and poverty, a tin cup of weak tea and a johnny cake or a roti.

2014 S. Cameron Antigua, St Kitts & Montserrat (Footprint Focus Guide) 14 Johnny cake is rather like a savoury doughnut, but you will find variations on the theme in other islands.

Compounds

johnnycake board n. U.S. regional (now historical) a flat board upon which a johnnycake is baked before a fire.

ΚΠ

1838 Indiana Amer. 17 Aug. 1/1 As flat as his own jonny-cake board.

1943 C. A. Weslager Delaware's Forgotten Folk viii. 192 Johnny cake boards are still found in the old homes. It is said that the wood of the board imparted a rare flavor to the cake.

1985 Washington Post 12 July (Weekend section) 5/5 This small museum tells the area's history with donations from local attics..from a 1640 cross bow to a colonial johnnycake board.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	johnnycake
释义	johnnycaken. Brit. /ˈdʒɒnɪkeɪk/, U.S. /ˈdʒɑniˌkeɪk/, Australian English /ˈdʒɔniˌkæek/, Caribbean English /ˈdʒaniˌkeːk/ Forms: 1700s– johnnycake, 1800s– johnniecake, 1800s– johnycake, 1800s– jonniecake, 1800s– jonnycake, 1900s– johhnycake, 1900s– johniecake. Also with capital initial. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Etymology: Origin uncertain.The cake is said to have its origin in the slave communities of North America. Although it has been suggested that it could be a folk-etymological alteration (after the male forename Johnny : see Johnny n.) of journey cake n., in the same sense, the latter compound is only attested later (from 1754) and may rather be a rationalization of johnnycake . Perhaps compare two other terms for various kinds of baked goods, which have also been suggested as etymons of this word (and may be related to each other): obsolete North American jonikin n. and English regional (northern) jannock n. It is unclear how sense 2 was transmitted from the northern hemisphere to antipodean varieties of English, or whether it shows an independent development. 1. Chiefly U.S. regional (now esp. northern; originally colonial). A simple flat cake made of cornmeal, traditionally unleavened, and typically cooked on a griddle or baked in a pan. Also as a mass noun. Cf. hoecake n. N.E.D. (1901) states: ‘In the Southern States toasted before a fire, elsewhere usually baked in a pan.’ ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > loaf > [noun] > flat cake of bread cakec1225 tharf-cake1362 cake-breadc1400 bannock1483 bere bannockc1550 torte1555 fadge1609 breadcake1635 riddle cake1673 jonikin1676 tortilla1699 cookie1701 johnnycake1739 journey cake1754 galette1775 pone1796 riddle bread1797 ash-cake1809 chapatti1810 papad1813 poppadom1820 puri1831 roti1838 Rhode Island johnnycake1866 wrap1969 chapo1993 1739 S.-Carolina Gaz. 22 Dec. 4/2 (advt.) (Th. Suppl.) New Iron Plates to cook Johnny Cakes or gridel bread on. 1796 J. Barlow Hasty-pudding i, in N.Y. Mag. Jan. 44 Rich Johnny-cake, this mouth has often tri'd. 1832 G. H. Hume Canada as it Is 15 In the winter of 1829, the wheat crop having partially failed, many people substituted the johnny cakes for bread throughout the winter. 1873 Ladies Repository July 54/2 Every known combination of Indian-meal, from mush-and-milk and Johnny-cake..to frosted sweet-cakes and puff-tarts. 1935 Amer. Girl July 5/2 Take a chunk of johnnycake to stay yourselves, and get the pails full. 2016 Chicago Daily Herald (Nexis) 28 Dec. 2 Other supporters brought a feast of turkey, succotash and johnnycakes. 2. Chiefly Australian and New Zealand. An unleavened flatbread made of wheat flour and water (and occasionally other ingredients such as sugar or suet), typically baked in hot ashes; a damper (damper n. 6). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > [noun] > unleavened bread biscuit cake1593 matzo1650 lavash1662 flatbread1762 fladbröd1799 damper1827 johnnycake1827 bammy1852 salt-rising bread1854 paratha1935 roti canai1974 roti prata1980 1827 Monitor (Sydney) 12 July 507/1 ‘A pot of soup’, ‘a fat cake’, ‘a johnny-cake’, or ‘fritters’..were the delicacies which such a God-send would plentifully afford. 1890 Argus (Melbourne) 16 Aug. 13/1 Here I, a new chum, could..make a sweet and wholesome johnny cake. 1938 Auckland Star 24 Oct. 15/4 I wish Petunia would feed him a mess of ground glass in his johnnycake. 2018 Blacktown (Austral.) Advocate (Nexis) 4 July 25 Learn about traditional bush foods and make a johnnycake. 3. Caribbean and New Zealand. A large scone, typically sweetened, fried or baked in an oven, and (in the Caribbean) often served at breakfast. Also (Caribbean): a dumpling, fried or boiled. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > puddings > [noun] > dumplings dumpling1600 Norfolk dumpling1600 macaroni1616 doughboy1685 pot-ball1688 potato dumpling1765 fungee1789 hop-about1820 knödel1827 johnnycake1831 dough ball1836 Salzburger nockerl1855 pierogi1863 gnocchi1891 cob1898 matzo ball1902 knaidel1903 pizzelle1912 knish1916 mandlen1944 shumai1951 nockerl1954 potsticker1963 the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > food by way of preparation > [noun] > cooked food > fried food fry1639 skirl-in-the-pan1816 johnnycake1831 hash cake1868 fry-up1967 1831 W. O. Porter & J. Porter Sir Edward Seaward's Narr. I. 229 My dear helpmate made us some johnny cakes, a West Indian sort of tea-bread. 1893 C. Sullivan Jamaica Cookery Bk. ix. 90 Johnny or Journey Cakes... Roll about half an inch thick, cut in rounds with a small tumbler or pan and bake on gridiron. Open, butter, cover again and serve. 1922 ‘K. Mansfield’ Garden Party 36 Tea was laid on the parlour table—ham, sardines, a whole pound of butter, and such a large johnny cake that it looked like an advertisement for somebody's baking-powder. 1952 S. Selvon Brighter Sun vi. 109 Over there, nastiness and poverty, a tin cup of weak tea and a johnny cake or a roti. 2014 S. Cameron Antigua, St Kitts & Montserrat (Footprint Focus Guide) 14 Johnny cake is rather like a savoury doughnut, but you will find variations on the theme in other islands. Compounds johnnycake board n. U.S. regional (now historical) a flat board upon which a johnnycake is baked before a fire. ΚΠ 1838 Indiana Amer. 17 Aug. 1/1 As flat as his own jonny-cake board. 1943 C. A. Weslager Delaware's Forgotten Folk viii. 192 Johnny cake boards are still found in the old homes. It is said that the wood of the board imparted a rare flavor to the cake. 1985 Washington Post 12 July (Weekend section) 5/5 This small museum tells the area's history with donations from local attics..from a 1640 cross bow to a colonial johnnycake board. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1739
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