Aryanadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈɛːrɪən/,

/ˈɑːrɪən/, U.S.

/ˈɛriən/,

/ˈɑriən/

Forms: 1800s– Arian (now nonstandard), 1800s– Aryan.

Origin: Apparently a borrowing from Latin; probably modelled on German lexical items. Etymon: classical Latin Ariānus.

Etymology: Apparently originally < classical Latin Ariānus (Iranian-speaking) inhabitant of the Ariana region ( < Ariāna , the name of the region: see note), probably after German Arier, noun, arisch, adjective (see note); subsequently reinforced by association with the related Sanskrit ārya self-designation of the Indo-Aryan peoples of India (see note and compare Arya n.) and -an suffix. Compare French aryen (adjective), designating a group of languages (1838 as arien ), designating a group of people (1885; 1907 specifically with reference to white non-Jewish people in Europe). In sense A. 2 independently after German arisch; in sense B. 2 independently after German Arier (on both see note). With these uses compare slightly earlier non-Aryan n. 2 and also non-Aryan adj. 2.Further etymology. Sanskrit ārya is cognate with Avestan airiia- , adjective designating areas inhabited by Iranian-speaking peoples, Old Persian ariya or āriya , epithet used by the Achaemenid kings for themselves; the further etymology is uncertain. Compare also Parthian aryān , Pahlavi īrān , Middle Persian ērān , all names of Persian-controlled territories at different times (Persian īrān : see Iranian adj.) and (hence) ancient Greek Ἀριανή , classical Latin Ariāna , the name of a large region in Asia west of the Indus river. (Ancient Greek Ἀρεία , Ἀρία , and classical Latin Arīa , Aria , the name of a city and region in the east of the Achaemenid Empire, reflect a different Iranian place name.) Uses in German. Compare German Arier (noun) person speaking an Indo-Iranian language (1777 with reference to Iranian peoples, subsequently also with reference to speakers of Indo-European languages more widely, including in Europe), white non-Jewish person, especially in Europe (1864), arisch (adjective) relating to the Indo-Iranian languages and their speakers (1819, subsequently also with reference to Indo-European languages more generally), relating to white non-Jewish people, especially in Europe (1875). In these more recent senses the words were subsequently adopted and ideologically developed by the Nazi party in the course of the 1920s (compare e.g. their use in Hitler's Mein Kampf (1925–6 )). In current German use, these and related words are usually avoided except with explicit reference to Nazi history (often with qualification or in inverted commas), and in historical linguistics as part of the compound adjective indoarisch (see Indo-Aryan adj. and n. at Indo- comb. form¹ Additions). Variant forms. The form Aryan has become the usual form, both because it is closer to the usual transliteration of the classical Sanskrit form of the etymon, and because it helps distinguish this word from Arian adj.¹ and Arian n.¹ Earlier parallel in English. Compare the following passage, which shows a (very rare) earlier borrowing < classical Latin Ariānus inhabitant of the Ariana region in Asia (Pliny), perhaps via Middle French Arien (1562 in the translation of Pliny used by Holland):1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. vi. xxiii. 131 The region of the Arianes [L. Ariana regio; Fr. le Royaume de Turquestan], all scorched and senged with the parching heate of the Sunne.

A. adj.

a. Designating or belonging to the Indo-European (or sometimes specifically the Indo-Iranian) family of languages; (also) designating or belonging to the hypothetical language from which these languages are believed to derive; proto-Indo-European.Variation in meaning in the 19th and early 20th centuries between the broader category equivalent to Indo-European, and the narrower one equivalent to Indo-Iranian, depended on whether the term was seen to relate only to the ancient Indian and Iranian speakers who were known to have used Aria, Arya, or Ariya as a self-designation, or was extended to include all speakers of Indo-European languages, based on the inference that these peoples all originally belonged to the same prehistoric linguistic and ethnic group before diverging. N.E.D. (1885) also notes that the broader use ‘rests..partly on the ground that..it is now the most convenient and least misleading name for the primitive type of speech from which all the languages above-mentioned have sprung, inasmuch as Indo-Germanic is too narrow, and Indo-European too wide, for the facts, while Japhetic introduces speculations of which science has no cognizance’. However by the mid 20th century use of Aryan in this sense had largely fallen into disuse, as a result of the negative connotations connected to the prevalence of sense A. 2, and of confusion arising from the variation in meaning found in earlier use, although the specific term Indo-Aryan is still current (see Indo- comb. form¹).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [adjective] > Indo-European

Indo-European1814

Indo-German1826

Indo-Germanic1835

Aryan1839

Iranian1848

Indo-Teutonic1850

Kurdish1933

1839 Penny Cycl. XIII. 309/1 The Medo-Persic, or Arian branch; at the head of which stands the Zend.

1848 J. C. Prichard in Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1847 241 The Indo-European, sometimes termed Indo-German, and, by late writers, Arian or Iranian languages.

1878 R. N. Cust Sketch Mod. Lang. E. Indies 49 [It] may in truth be said..that all the other Aryan Vernaculars are variants of it [sc. Hindi], caused by the influence of non-Aryan communities.

1911 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 182/2 The language of the Mitanni state..was neither Aryan nor Semitic.

1972 Language 48 9 A root k^werp, whose nil-grade developed into Aryan kr̥p- and Goidelic kri.

2018 W. Schmaus Liberty & Pursuit of Knowl. ii. 44 Renouvier claimed that philological study shows that at the root of the ‘Aryan’ languages are abstract, general concepts that the scholastics called universals.

b. Of or relating to the peoples speaking any of the languages of the Indo-European (or sometimes specifically Indo-Iranian) family; (also) of or relating to the prehistoric peoples thought to have spoken proto-Indo-European, the hypothetical language from which these languages are believed to derive.The prehistoric group of peoples have sometimes been regarded as a single ‘race’, corresponding to an assumed distinct ancient Aryan language (cf. sense A. 1a), from which all Indo-European peoples and languages are descended. This concept was taken up in the 19th century by nationalistic historical and romantic writers, particularly French writer and social theorist Joseph‐Arthur, Comte de Gobineau (1816–82), who linked it to a theory of the inferiority of certain races. This concept was later revived as part of Nazi ideology (see sense A. 2).

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > Aryan > [adjective]

Japhetiana1638

Japhetic1710

Japhetan1764

Indo-European1814

Aryan1843

1843 J. C. Prichard Nat. Hist. Man xvii. 162 We now proceed to describe the third of the three cultivated nations of antiquity, namely the Indo-European or Arian race.

1872 E. A. Freeman Gen. Sketch European Hist. i. §2 History in the highest and truest sense is the history of the Aryan natives of Europe.

1911 J. Lees tr. H. S. Chamberlain Found. 19th Cent. I. iv. 266 Anthropologists, ethnographers and even historians, theologians, philologists and legal authorities find the idea ‘Aryan’ more and more indispensable... Though it were proved that there never was an Aryan race in the past, yet we desire that in the future there may be one.

1916 M. Grant Passing of Great Race (1917) v. 62 The name ‘Aryan race’ must also be frankly discarded as a term of racial significance.

2014 Jrnl. Hist. Ideas 75 635 [Late-19th-century] scholars now posited widespread invasions of bands of Aryan warriors.

2. Chiefly in Nazi (and neo-Nazi) ideology: designating a white non-Jewish person, esp. one of northern European origin or descent, with blonde hair and blue eyes; of or relating to people of this type regarded as a supposedly superior racial group. Later sometimes used more neutrally: white; blonde-haired and blue-eyed.This sense arose in the context of use of the concept of an Aryan ‘race’ (see sense A. 1b) among German anti-Semitic propagandists, and from the 1920s onwards by National Socialist (Nazi) politicians as a basis for a doctrine of Germanic and Nordic racial purity and superiority, and for anti-Semitic propaganda and policies. It is still found in some far-right and white supremacist discourse, sometimes in the names of groups of this type. However a more neutral use, simply describing (sometimes humorously or somewhat depreciatively) a particular physical type, is now also found.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Germany > [adjective] > non-Jewish

Aryan1923

1923 Outlook 8 Aug. 541/1 At a students' congress in Eisenach resolutions were passed restricting membership in all student bodies to ‘German students of Aryan race who pledge themselves to the ideals of Germanism’.

1932 L. Golding Let. to Hitler 25 What you and many of your followers imagine is the Arian manner.

1934 Ann. Reg. 1933 ii. 170 Germany…During April the so-called Aryan Decrees were introduced.

1943 Ann. Reg. 1942 183 The town..was cleared of its ‘Aryan’ population and made a centre, or rather a concentration camp, for all Jews.

1990 Egg Aug. 85/1 The..white-bread Aryan citizenry is tempered by..too-small minority groups.

1994 E. McNamee Resurrection Man (1998) iv. 30 He was a member of the Aryan brotherhood and had a roomful of Nazi memorabilia at home.

2008 Central Somerset Gaz. (Nexis) 14 Aug. 28 The gold medals won by American black sprinter Jesse Owens dealt a humiliating blow to the Nazis' theories of an Aryan super-race.

B. n.

a. A member of the group of prehistoric peoples thought to have spoken proto-Indo-European, the hypothetical language from which Indo-European languages are believed to derive. See note at sense A. 1b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > Aryan > [noun]

Arya1794

Aryan1849

Indo-European1871

1849 E. C. Otté tr. A. von Humboldt Cosmos II. 598 The Indian numbers..must be more modern than the separation of the Indians and the Arians [Ger. Arier]; for the Zend nation only used the far less convenient Pehlwi numbers.

1861 F. M. Müller Lect. Sci. Lang. (1873) I. vi. 273 The state of civilisation attained by the Aryans before they left their common home.

1878 R. N. Cust Sketch Mod. Lang. E. Indies 13 The Aryans advanced down the basins of the Indus and the Ganges.

1921 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 41 66 Philologists and ethnologists almost universally agree that the Dravidians came into India from the same direction as did the Aryans.

2000 Yoga May 11/1 The Aryans never penetrated to south India, thus allowing the region to preserve its own languages.

b. The Indo-European family of languages; (also) the hypothetical language from which these languages are believed to derive; proto-Indo-European.Now largely disused except in Indo- comb. form¹; see note at sense A. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European

Aryanism1850

Aryan1851

Indo-European1871

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > proto-Indo-European

Aryan1851

Indo-European1871

proto-Indo-European1916

1851 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 309 Great progress has been made in a comparative analysis of the Arian or Indo-European, the Polynesian, the Semitic, and some branches of the Ugro-Tatarian family.

1870 F. W. Farrar Families of Speech iii. 120 In Aryan the determinant precedes the thing determined.

1884 H. Sweet in Trans. Philol. Soc. 1882–4 19 109 Parent Arian had already developed a perfectly definite word-order.

1922 Evening Independent (Massillon, Ohio) 25 Nov. 4/3 As it spread widely, Aryan began to differentiate into a number of subordinate languages.

2005 A. Parpola & C. Carpelan in E. F. Bryant & L. L. Patton Indo-Aryan Controv. iv. 119 Marya- is used in Mitanni Aryan of Syria (c.500–1300 bc) for the nobility with horse chariots.

2. Chiefly in Nazi (and neo-Nazi) ideology: a white non-Jewish person, esp. one of northern European origin or descent, characterized as having blonde hair and blue eyes; a person of this type, regarded as a member of a supposedly superior racial group. Later sometimes used more neutrally: a white person; spec. a blond-haired and blue-eyed person.See note at sense A. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Germany > [noun] > non-Jewish

Aryan1929

1929 N.Y. Times 12 May e7/1 In the middle of the proceedings [at a student meeting in Graz] the cry was raised, ‘Out with the Jews! Only Aryans may participate!’

1933 tr. A. Hitler Mein Kampf in Times 25 July 15/6 The exact opposite of the Aryan is the Jew.

1940 War Illustr. 16 Feb. 107 Pitiable in the extreme is the plight of the Jews in Poland under Nazi rule... On their backs they must wear a triangle of yellow cloth to show that their faith is abominable to the Nazi, and they must walk in the gutter, for the pavement is for Aryans only.

1979 Observer 6 May 35/2 [The circus's] animal-trainer..is a well-preserved, bleached-blond Aryan.

1995 E. Kallen Ethnicity & Human Rights Canada (ed. 2) i. 25 The Aryan Nations church preaches that..it is the religious duty of the ‘Aryans’ (the superior white race) to join in a race war to overthrow the (Jewish-controlled) government of the United States.

2001 C. Hitchens Lett. to Young Contrarian xiii. 93 Berlin Jews who had violated the Nazi race laws by marrying Aryans.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	aryan
释义	Aryanadj.n. Brit. /ˈɛːrɪən/, /ˈɑːrɪən/, U.S. /ˈɛriən/, /ˈɑriən/ Forms: 1800s– Arian (now nonstandard), 1800s– Aryan. Origin: Apparently a borrowing from Latin; probably modelled on German lexical items. Etymon: classical Latin Ariānus. Etymology: Apparently originally < classical Latin Ariānus (Iranian-speaking) inhabitant of the Ariana region ( < Ariāna , the name of the region: see note), probably after German Arier, noun, arisch, adjective (see note); subsequently reinforced by association with the related Sanskrit ārya self-designation of the Indo-Aryan peoples of India (see note and compare Arya n.) and -an suffix. Compare French aryen (adjective), designating a group of languages (1838 as arien ), designating a group of people (1885; 1907 specifically with reference to white non-Jewish people in Europe). In sense A. 2 independently after German arisch; in sense B. 2 independently after German Arier (on both see note). With these uses compare slightly earlier non-Aryan n. 2 and also non-Aryan adj. 2.Further etymology. Sanskrit ārya is cognate with Avestan airiia- , adjective designating areas inhabited by Iranian-speaking peoples, Old Persian ariya or āriya , epithet used by the Achaemenid kings for themselves; the further etymology is uncertain. Compare also Parthian aryān , Pahlavi īrān , Middle Persian ērān , all names of Persian-controlled territories at different times (Persian īrān : see Iranian adj.) and (hence) ancient Greek Ἀριανή , classical Latin Ariāna , the name of a large region in Asia west of the Indus river. (Ancient Greek Ἀρεία , Ἀρία , and classical Latin Arīa , Aria , the name of a city and region in the east of the Achaemenid Empire, reflect a different Iranian place name.) Uses in German. Compare German Arier (noun) person speaking an Indo-Iranian language (1777 with reference to Iranian peoples, subsequently also with reference to speakers of Indo-European languages more widely, including in Europe), white non-Jewish person, especially in Europe (1864), arisch (adjective) relating to the Indo-Iranian languages and their speakers (1819, subsequently also with reference to Indo-European languages more generally), relating to white non-Jewish people, especially in Europe (1875). In these more recent senses the words were subsequently adopted and ideologically developed by the Nazi party in the course of the 1920s (compare e.g. their use in Hitler's Mein Kampf (1925–6 )). In current German use, these and related words are usually avoided except with explicit reference to Nazi history (often with qualification or in inverted commas), and in historical linguistics as part of the compound adjective indoarisch (see Indo-Aryan adj. and n. at Indo- comb. form¹ Additions). Variant forms. The form Aryan has become the usual form, both because it is closer to the usual transliteration of the classical Sanskrit form of the etymon, and because it helps distinguish this word from Arian adj.¹ and Arian n.¹ Earlier parallel in English. Compare the following passage, which shows a (very rare) earlier borrowing < classical Latin Ariānus inhabitant of the Ariana region in Asia (Pliny), perhaps via Middle French Arien (1562 in the translation of Pliny used by Holland):1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. vi. xxiii. 131 The region of the Arianes [L. Ariana regio; Fr. le Royaume de Turquestan], all scorched and senged with the parching heate of the Sunne. A. adj. 1. a. Designating or belonging to the Indo-European (or sometimes specifically the Indo-Iranian) family of languages; (also) designating or belonging to the hypothetical language from which these languages are believed to derive; proto-Indo-European.Variation in meaning in the 19th and early 20th centuries between the broader category equivalent to Indo-European, and the narrower one equivalent to Indo-Iranian, depended on whether the term was seen to relate only to the ancient Indian and Iranian speakers who were known to have used Aria, Arya, or Ariya as a self-designation, or was extended to include all speakers of Indo-European languages, based on the inference that these peoples all originally belonged to the same prehistoric linguistic and ethnic group before diverging. N.E.D. (1885) also notes that the broader use ‘rests..partly on the ground that..it is now the most convenient and least misleading name for the primitive type of speech from which all the languages above-mentioned have sprung, inasmuch as Indo-Germanic is too narrow, and Indo-European too wide, for the facts, while Japhetic introduces speculations of which science has no cognizance’. However by the mid 20th century use of Aryan in this sense had largely fallen into disuse, as a result of the negative connotations connected to the prevalence of sense A. 2, and of confusion arising from the variation in meaning found in earlier use, although the specific term Indo-Aryan is still current (see Indo- comb. form¹). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [adjective] > Indo-European Indo-European1814 Indo-German1826 Indo-Germanic1835 Aryan1839 Iranian1848 Indo-Teutonic1850 Kurdish1933 1839 Penny Cycl. XIII. 309/1 The Medo-Persic, or Arian branch; at the head of which stands the Zend. 1848 J. C. Prichard in Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1847 241 The Indo-European, sometimes termed Indo-German, and, by late writers, Arian or Iranian languages. 1878 R. N. Cust Sketch Mod. Lang. E. Indies 49 [It] may in truth be said..that all the other Aryan Vernaculars are variants of it [sc. Hindi], caused by the influence of non-Aryan communities. 1911 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 182/2 The language of the Mitanni state..was neither Aryan nor Semitic. 1972 Language 48 9 A root k^werp, whose nil-grade developed into Aryan kr̥p- and Goidelic kri. 2018 W. Schmaus Liberty & Pursuit of Knowl. ii. 44 Renouvier claimed that philological study shows that at the root of the ‘Aryan’ languages are abstract, general concepts that the scholastics called universals. b. Of or relating to the peoples speaking any of the languages of the Indo-European (or sometimes specifically Indo-Iranian) family; (also) of or relating to the prehistoric peoples thought to have spoken proto-Indo-European, the hypothetical language from which these languages are believed to derive.The prehistoric group of peoples have sometimes been regarded as a single ‘race’, corresponding to an assumed distinct ancient Aryan language (cf. sense A. 1a), from which all Indo-European peoples and languages are descended. This concept was taken up in the 19th century by nationalistic historical and romantic writers, particularly French writer and social theorist Joseph‐Arthur, Comte de Gobineau (1816–82), who linked it to a theory of the inferiority of certain races. This concept was later revived as part of Nazi ideology (see sense A. 2). ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > Aryan > [adjective] Japhetiana1638 Japhetic1710 Japhetan1764 Indo-European1814 Aryan1843 1843 J. C. Prichard Nat. Hist. Man xvii. 162 We now proceed to describe the third of the three cultivated nations of antiquity, namely the Indo-European or Arian race. 1872 E. A. Freeman Gen. Sketch European Hist. i. §2 History in the highest and truest sense is the history of the Aryan natives of Europe. 1911 J. Lees tr. H. S. Chamberlain Found. 19th Cent. I. iv. 266 Anthropologists, ethnographers and even historians, theologians, philologists and legal authorities find the idea ‘Aryan’ more and more indispensable... Though it were proved that there never was an Aryan race in the past, yet we desire that in the future there may be one. 1916 M. Grant Passing of Great Race (1917) v. 62 The name ‘Aryan race’ must also be frankly discarded as a term of racial significance. 2014 Jrnl. Hist. Ideas 75 635 [Late-19th-century] scholars now posited widespread invasions of bands of Aryan warriors. 2. Chiefly in Nazi (and neo-Nazi) ideology: designating a white non-Jewish person, esp. one of northern European origin or descent, with blonde hair and blue eyes; of or relating to people of this type regarded as a supposedly superior racial group. Later sometimes used more neutrally: white; blonde-haired and blue-eyed.This sense arose in the context of use of the concept of an Aryan ‘race’ (see sense A. 1b) among German anti-Semitic propagandists, and from the 1920s onwards by National Socialist (Nazi) politicians as a basis for a doctrine of Germanic and Nordic racial purity and superiority, and for anti-Semitic propaganda and policies. It is still found in some far-right and white supremacist discourse, sometimes in the names of groups of this type. However a more neutral use, simply describing (sometimes humorously or somewhat depreciatively) a particular physical type, is now also found. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Germany > [adjective] > non-Jewish Aryan1923 1923 Outlook 8 Aug. 541/1 At a students' congress in Eisenach resolutions were passed restricting membership in all student bodies to ‘German students of Aryan race who pledge themselves to the ideals of Germanism’. 1932 L. Golding Let. to Hitler 25 What you and many of your followers imagine is the Arian manner. 1934 Ann. Reg. 1933 ii. 170 Germany…During April the so-called Aryan Decrees were introduced. 1943 Ann. Reg. 1942 183 The town..was cleared of its ‘Aryan’ population and made a centre, or rather a concentration camp, for all Jews. 1990 Egg Aug. 85/1 The..white-bread Aryan citizenry is tempered by..too-small minority groups. 1994 E. McNamee Resurrection Man (1998) iv. 30 He was a member of the Aryan brotherhood and had a roomful of Nazi memorabilia at home. 2008 Central Somerset Gaz. (Nexis) 14 Aug. 28 The gold medals won by American black sprinter Jesse Owens dealt a humiliating blow to the Nazis' theories of an Aryan super-race. B. n. 1. a. A member of the group of prehistoric peoples thought to have spoken proto-Indo-European, the hypothetical language from which Indo-European languages are believed to derive. See note at sense A. 1b. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > Aryan > [noun] Arya1794 Aryan1849 Indo-European1871 1849 E. C. Otté tr. A. von Humboldt Cosmos II. 598 The Indian numbers..must be more modern than the separation of the Indians and the Arians [Ger. Arier]; for the Zend nation only used the far less convenient Pehlwi numbers. 1861 F. M. Müller Lect. Sci. Lang. (1873) I. vi. 273 The state of civilisation attained by the Aryans before they left their common home. 1878 R. N. Cust Sketch Mod. Lang. E. Indies 13 The Aryans advanced down the basins of the Indus and the Ganges. 1921 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 41 66 Philologists and ethnologists almost universally agree that the Dravidians came into India from the same direction as did the Aryans. 2000 Yoga May 11/1 The Aryans never penetrated to south India, thus allowing the region to preserve its own languages. b. The Indo-European family of languages; (also) the hypothetical language from which these languages are believed to derive; proto-Indo-European.Now largely disused except in Indo- comb. form¹; see note at sense A. 1a. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European Aryanism1850 Aryan1851 Indo-European1871 the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > proto-Indo-European Aryan1851 Indo-European1871 proto-Indo-European1916 1851 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 309 Great progress has been made in a comparative analysis of the Arian or Indo-European, the Polynesian, the Semitic, and some branches of the Ugro-Tatarian family. 1870 F. W. Farrar Families of Speech iii. 120 In Aryan the determinant precedes the thing determined. 1884 H. Sweet in Trans. Philol. Soc. 1882–4 19 109 Parent Arian had already developed a perfectly definite word-order. 1922 Evening Independent (Massillon, Ohio) 25 Nov. 4/3 As it spread widely, Aryan began to differentiate into a number of subordinate languages. 2005 A. Parpola & C. Carpelan in E. F. Bryant & L. L. Patton Indo-Aryan Controv. iv. 119 Marya- is used in Mitanni Aryan of Syria (c.500–1300 bc) for the nobility with horse chariots. 2. Chiefly in Nazi (and neo-Nazi) ideology: a white non-Jewish person, esp. one of northern European origin or descent, characterized as having blonde hair and blue eyes; a person of this type, regarded as a member of a supposedly superior racial group. Later sometimes used more neutrally: a white person; spec. a blond-haired and blue-eyed person.See note at sense A. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Germany > [noun] > non-Jewish Aryan1929 1929 N.Y. Times 12 May e7/1 In the middle of the proceedings [at a student meeting in Graz] the cry was raised, ‘Out with the Jews! Only Aryans may participate!’ 1933 tr. A. Hitler Mein Kampf in Times 25 July 15/6 The exact opposite of the Aryan is the Jew. 1940 War Illustr. 16 Feb. 107 Pitiable in the extreme is the plight of the Jews in Poland under Nazi rule... On their backs they must wear a triangle of yellow cloth to show that their faith is abominable to the Nazi, and they must walk in the gutter, for the pavement is for Aryans only. 1979 Observer 6 May 35/2 [The circus's] animal-trainer..is a well-preserved, bleached-blond Aryan. 1995 E. Kallen Ethnicity & Human Rights Canada (ed. 2) i. 25 The Aryan Nations church preaches that..it is the religious duty of the ‘Aryans’ (the superior white race) to join in a race war to overthrow the (Jewish-controlled) government of the United States. 2001 C. Hitchens Lett. to Young Contrarian xiii. 93 Berlin Jews who had violated the Nazi race laws by marrying Aryans. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.n.1839
随便看	lose out lose patience, one's temper lose plant lose run of lose serve lose sight of lose sleep about lose sleep for lose sleep over lose stock and block lose the day lose the duke lose the exchange lose the fang lose the number of one's mess lose the plot lose the run of lose the run of oneself lose the scent lose the sheep dialect ship for a ha'p'orth of tar lose the sheep for a ha'p'orth of tar lose the sheep for a ha'porth of tar lose the thread lose the will to live lose to view