Ionizev.1
/ˈʌɪənʌɪz/, U.S. /ˈaɪəˌnaɪz/ Now rare.
transitive. = Ionicize v. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [verb (transitive)] > use Ionic dialect
Ionicize1820
Ionize1886
1855 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 5 434 The primitive people..remain in their old seats, unchanged except as they are civilized, Ionized by the foreigners from Asia.
1886 H. W. Smyth in Amer. Jrnl. Philol. July 234 After such older portions as the Μῆνις had been Ionized.
1910 Catholic Univ. Bull. Oct. 706 These poems were taken over by the Ionians and Ionized.
1932 Harvard Stud. Classical Philol. 43 33 Zenodotus read τιτίζοντας, which can only be an attempt to Ionize τετρίγοντας.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
ionizev.2
/ˈʌɪənʌɪz/, U.S. /ˈaɪəˌnaɪz/ Physics and Chemistry.
1. intransitive. Of an atom, molecule, etc.: to dissociate into ions; to become converted (wholly or partly) into ions.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > ions, ionization, or electrolysis > become converted into ions [verb (intransitive)]
ionize1895
the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > ion > ionization > become converted into ions [verb (intransitive)]
ionize1895
1895 G. M'Gowan tr. W. Ostwald Sci. Found. Analyt. Chem. iv. 83 Since the phosphoric acid ionises of itself [etc.; Ger. Denn da die Phosphorsäure schon für sich dissociirt ist].
1904 T. S. Moore in R. A. Lehfeldt Electro-chem. ii. 130 Those di-acid bases which ionise in stages show the same relation between the first and second ionisation as the dibasic acids.
1930 S. Field & A. D. Weill Electro-plating vii. 92 Copper sulphate ionises as follows: CuSO4 ⇌ Cu¨ + SO4ˉˉ.
1956 A. C. Guyton Textbk. Med. Physiol. xxvi. 302/2 Each molecule ionizes into two ions each of which is osmotically active.
1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) VI. 60/1 At..the breakdown voltage, the nearly conducting gas ionizes and becomes a good conductor, and a self-sustained discharge is established.
2004 Adv. Colloid & Interface Sci. 110 24/1 Surface hydroxyl groups will be produced which..may ionise as Bronsted acids or bases.
2.
a. transitive. To convert (an atom, molecule, etc.) into an ion or ions; to produce ions in (a substance or medium).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > ions, ionization, or electrolysis > convert into or produce ions [verb (transitive)]
ionize1897
the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > ion > ionization > produce ions [verb (transitive)]
ionize1897
1897 Nature 28 Jan. 310/1 In the case of a gas, the electric field has to ionise the molecules.
1898 W. Crookes Addr. Brit. Assoc. 24 The thorium rays affect photographic plates through screens of paper or aluminium... They ionise the air, making it an electrical conductor.
1915 Proc. Royal Soc. 91 485 The minimum energy required to ionise an atom of mercury.
1927 N. V. Sidgwick Electronic Theory of Valency i. 10 Whenever an atom is ionized, whether by chemical combination, or by exposure under suitable conditions to the action of light, heat, or electricity, it gains or loses one or more electrons.
1963 C. A. McDowell Mass Spectrometry xii. 507 Electrons with sufficient energy can ionize molecules by the following process.
1990 Which? June 307/1 This contains a tiny radioactive source which ionises air inside the alarm.
2009 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) May 28/3 Oxygen, nitrogen and carbon monoxide molecules drift in the upper atmosphere [of Mars], where solar radiation ionizes them.
b. intransitive. To cause ionization.
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1916 Physical Rev. 8 386 None of the electrons emitted by the cathode are able to ionize until they have moved a fraction V0/V of the distance toward the anode.
1956 G. J. Hine & G. L. Brownell Radiation Dosimetry i. 2 Electromagnetic radiations, having energies above a few kev, ionize by virtue of the secondary electrons released when they are absorbed.
1992 Astron. Now July 49/3 A frozen fuel pellet is shot into the plasma, subliming and ionising in the same way as a comet.
2005 J. Daintith & R. Rennie Dict. Physics (ed. 4) 127/2 Gamma-rays and x-rays ionize indirectly by means of the electrons they eject from substances by the photoelectric effect.
3. transitive. Medicine. To treat (a damaged or diseased part of the body) by iontophoresis; to introduce (a substance) into the body or a person by means of iontophoresis. Cf. ionization n.2 2. Now rare or disused.
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the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatment by electricity > treat by electricity [verb (transitive)] > treat by ionization
ionize1909
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatment by electricity > treat by electricity [verb (transitive)] > treat by ionization > introduce by ionization
ionize1909
1909 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 2 Jan. 14/1 If both wrists are affected, I generally ionize one wrist with iodine ions are the other with lithium ions.
1909 Lancet 13 Mar. 756/2 If a person ionises cocaine into himself..the skin becomes anæsthetic.
1913 H. L. Jones Ionic Medication iii. 84 They [sc. corns] should have a thorough preliminary soaking.., and then may be ionized.
1936 J. N. Dyson Pract. Ionization iv. 51 For certain reasons the ulcer was ionized in two parts.
1949 Brit. Jrnl. Physical Med. 12 144/2 Penicillin was ‘ionized’ into the skin covering the paronychia.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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