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单词 astonish
释义

astonishv.

Brit. /əˈstɒnɪʃ/, U.S. /əˈstɑnɪʃ/
Forms: Also 1500s astonysshe. Aphetized in 1600s to stonish adj.
Etymology: An alteration (not found before 1500) of earlier astony, as if this represented a French *estonnir, estonissant. Perhaps such a form had arisen in Anglo-Norman: Palsgrave has ‘astonysshyng, estonissement,’ Godefroy a participial adjective estoni.
1.
a. To deprive of sensation, as by a blow; to stun, paralyse, deaden, stupefy. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > physical insensibility > render physically insensible [verb (transitive)]
astone1340
dead1382
stony1382
dazea1400
astonish1530
benumb1530
mortifya1533
numb1561
dozen1576
pave1635
deaden1684
torpedoa1772
torpefy1808
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > anaesthetization, pain-killing, etc. > practise anaesthetization, pain-killing, etc. [verb (transitive)] > anaesthetize
stony1382
astonish1530
astone1543
stounda1617
etherize1847
letheonize1847
anaesthetize1848
apathize1848
chloroform1848
chloralize1878
chloroformize1880
to put under1889
the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > physical insensibility > dullness of sense perception > dull (the senses) [verb (transitive)] > stun
asweveOE
stonyc1330
astone1340
astony1340
stouna1400
stounda1400
stuna1400
stoynec1450
dozen1487
astonish1530
benumb1530
daunt1581
dammisha1598
still1778
silence1785
to knock, lay (out), etc., cold1829
to lay out1891
out1896
wooden1904
to knock rotten1919
the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > make emotionally unfeeling [verb (transitive)] > deaden or dull the emotions
stupefy?a1425
dullc1440
benumbc1485
slumber?1533
extinguish1540
extinct1542
numb1561
damp1570
hebetate1574
daunt1581
frostbite1593
hebete1597
blunt1600
unedgea1625
engross1626
astonish1635
consopite1647
bate1649
opiate1650
blura1653
hebescate1657
torpefy1808
dozena1810
dullify1838
hebetize1845
chloroform1849
narcotize1852
sodden1863
vastate1892
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 439/1 I astonysshe with a stroke upon the heed, Jestourdis.
1550 Duke of Somerset in M. Coverdale tr. O. Werdmueller Spyrytuall Pearle Pref. sig. Avj Medycynes that doeth astonyshe and mortyfye the place.
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xlii. xv. 1124 The one smote the king upon the head, the other astonished his shoulder.
1616 Withals' Dict. 597 A kind of fish that hath power to astonish the hands of them that take it, Torpedo.
1635 W. Pemble Wks. 52 The Stoikes..did rather astonish than conquer them [i.e. desires and passions].
b. To set the teeth on edge. Obsolete.
ΘΠ
the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > sourness or acidity > make sour [verb (transitive)] > set the teeth on edge
edgea1300
astonish1656
1656 J. Smith Compl. Pract. Physick 321 Teeth astonished. The cause is a sowre tast. The cure: Purslane chewed.
2. To stun mentally; to shock a person out of his or her wits; to drive stupid, bewilder. Obsolete.
ΘΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > mental wandering > confuse, bewilder [verb (transitive)]
bewhapec1320
mara1350
blunder?a1400
mada1425
to turn a person's brainc1440
astonish1530
maskc1540
dare1547
bemud1599
bedazea1605
dizzy1604
bemist1609
muddify1647
lose1649
bafflea1657
bewildera1680
bother?1718
bemuse1734
muddlea1748
flurrya1757
muzz1786
muzzle1796
flusker1841
haze1858
bemuddle1862
jitter1932
giggle-
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 438/2 I astonysshe, I dull one, I take from him the quicknesse of his wytte.
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. ii. xii. 40 The king..as if he had been distracted, was almost astonished at the sight.
3. To shock a person out of his or her self-possession, or confidence; to dismay, terrify. Obsolete.
ΘΠ
the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of being intimidating > intimidate or bully [verb (transitive)] > dismay
dismay1297
amayc1330
mayc1380
esmay1393
asmayc1420
formayc1470
esbay1480
astonish1535
appal1548
consternate1651
repall1687
aghast1876
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Jer. ii. 12 Be astonished (o ye heauens), be afrayde, and abashed at soch a thinge.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) i. iii. 56 When the most mightie Gods, by tokens send Such dreadfull Heraulds, to astonish vs. View more context for this quotation
4. To give a shock of wonder by the presentation of something unlooked for or unaccountable; to amaze, surprise greatly. Also absol.
ΘΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > feeling of wonder, astonishment > quality of inspiring wonder > cause wonder, astonish [verb (transitive)]
marvela1425
esmarvel1477
amaze?1533
wondera1561
bewondera1586
to hold at gaze1594
admire1598
wonder-maze1603
astonish1611
thunderstrike1613
surprise1655
to astonish the natives1801
emmarvel1834
zap1967
mind-blow1970
gobsmack1987
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > feeling of wonder, astonishment > quality of inspiring wonder > be a matter of wonder [verb (intransitive)] > excite wonder
dazzle1649
to take a person's breath (away)1700
impress1736
to make a stare1808
astonish1904
to blow (a person's) mind1967
1611 Bible (King James) Matt. vii. 28 The people were astonished at his doctrine. View more context for this quotation
1653 H. Holcroft tr. Procopius Persian Wars i. 7 in tr. Procopius Hist. Warres Justinian Cabades..seeing it, was astonisht, and all the Persians with him.
1776–88 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1813) VIII. xliv. 83 The Romans..astonished the Greeks by their sincere and simple performance of the most burthensome engagements.
1844 T. B. Macaulay Earl of Chatham in Ess. (1852) 729 Weymouth had a natural eloquence, which sometimes astonished those who knew how little he owed to study.
1904 L. T. Meade Love Triumphant iii. i There might come to you a knowledge which would astonish and terrify.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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