involuntaryadj.

/ɪnˈvɒləntəri/

Etymology: < Latin involuntārius, < in- (in- prefix⁴) + voluntārius voluntary adj., adv., and n.: compare French involontaire (14th cent., Oresme).

a. Not voluntary; done or happening without exercise or without co-operation of the will; not done willingly or by choice; independent of volition, unintentional.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > intention > unintentional or unplanned character > [adjective] > unintentional or involuntary

unviseda1300

unwilful1398

unwilly1398

unbodena1400

voluntarya1450

non-voluntaryc1454

involuntary1531

unwilling1535

unwilleda1540

unmeant1550

unvoluntary1570

uncalleda1586

uncalleda1610

unintended1649

undesigned1651

mechanic1657

automatic1694

unmeaning1698

inadvertent1724

unbidden1726

unintentional1782

unweeting1794

unwitting1818

undeliberate1874

agnomical1881

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour iii. i. sig. Xvii^v Intermedlynge involuntary somtyme is priuely done, as stelynge, auoutry, poisonyng, falsehede... Somtyme it is violent, as batry, open murdre and manslaughter.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iv. xlv. 505 Phoenix..stoppeth..the inuoluntarie running of vrine.

1620 T. Granger Syntagma Logicum 57 No pure involuntarie, or meere violent-compelled action is a sinne.

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 154. ⁋11 Sometimes unexpected flashes of instruction were struck out by..an involuntary concurrence of ideas.

1872 C. Darwin Expression Emotions Man & Animals i. 37 Another familiar instance of a reflex action is the involuntary closing of the eyelids when the surface of the eye is touched.

b. Physiology. Concerned in bodily actions or processes which are independent of the will.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > bodily movement > [adjective] > voluntary or involuntary

voluntaryc1400

involuntary1840

the world > life > the body > system > [adjective] > organ > types of functions

occult1651

systolic1653

rhythmic1826

rhythmical1829

involuntary1840

1840 E. Wilson Anatomist's Vade Mecum (1842) 139 Muscles are divided into two great classes, voluntary and involuntary.

1887 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon I[nvoluntary] nerves, the nerves which supply involuntary muscles.

2. Unwilling (†to do something).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > wish or inclination > unwillingness > [adjective]

argha1000

slowOE

unwillyc1200

sweera1300

unfain1338

loathc1374

dangerousc1386

eschewc1386

squeamous1387

obstinate?a1439

unpresta1500

ill-willing?1520

evil-willing1525

untowards1525

untowarda1530

unwilling1533

strange1548

ill-willed1549

dainty1553

relucting1553

squeamish?1553

nicea1560

loathful1561

coyish1566

coy1576

unhearty1583

costive1594

unready1595

tarrowinga1598

undisposed1597

involuntary1598

backward1600

retrograde1602

unpregnant1604

scrupulous1608

unprone1611

refractory1614

behindhanda1616

nilling1620

backwards1627

shya1628

retractable1632

reluctant1638

loughta1641

tendera1641

unapt1640

uninclinable1640

unbeteaming1642

boggling1645

averse1646

indisposed1646

aversant1657

incomposed1660

disinclined1703

unobliging1707

unconsenting1713

uninclined1729

tenacious1766

disinclinable1769

ill-disposed1771

unaffectioned1788

scruplesomec1800

back-handed1817

sweert1817

tharf1828

backward in coming forward1830

unvoluntary1834

misinclined1837

squeamy1838

balky1847

retractive1869

grudging1874

tharfish1876

unwishful1876

safety first1917

1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. *iij We shewe our selves involuntary to helpe the one the other.

1742 A. Pope New Dunciad 82 The gath'ring number, as it moves along, Involves a vast involuntary throng.

Draft additions September 2017

involuntary manslaughter n. Law a type of criminal homicide in which the killing is unintentional but arises from recklessness, criminal negligence, or another unlawful act; opposed to voluntary manslaughter.

ΚΠ

1792 J. McArthur Treat. Naval Courts-martial i. iii. 35 Involuntary manslaughter differs from homicide, excusable by misadventure in this, that misadventure always happens in consequence of a lawful act, but this species of manslaughter in consequence of an unlawful one.

1831 Star (Gettysburg, Pa.) 30 Aug. The individual above named, was..recommended to be indicted for ‘involuntary manslaughter’.

1874 Central Law Jrnl. 1 122/2 W. Page McCarty, recently convicted of involuntary manslaughter for killing his antagonist in a duel.

1923 Weekly Rev. (Shanghai) 27 Jan. 336/2 The gunner would have been guilty of involuntary manslaughter.

1962 G. A. Lipsky et al. Ethiopia xi. 190 In cases of murder, as well as of involuntary manslaughter, the defendant would be turned over to the victim's family.

2012 G. Binder Felony Murder xi. 227 The assailant might be guilty of involuntary manslaughter based on reckless disregard of a risk of death.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	involuntary
释义	involuntaryadj. /ɪnˈvɒləntəri/ Etymology: < Latin involuntārius, < in- (in- prefix⁴) + voluntārius voluntary adj., adv., and n.: compare French involontaire (14th cent., Oresme). 1. a. Not voluntary; done or happening without exercise or without co-operation of the will; not done willingly or by choice; independent of volition, unintentional. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > unintentional or unplanned character > [adjective] > unintentional or involuntary unviseda1300 unwilful1398 unwilly1398 unbodena1400 voluntarya1450 non-voluntaryc1454 involuntary1531 unwilling1535 unwilleda1540 unmeant1550 unvoluntary1570 uncalleda1586 uncalleda1610 unintended1649 undesigned1651 mechanic1657 automatic1694 unmeaning1698 inadvertent1724 unbidden1726 unintentional1782 unweeting1794 unwitting1818 undeliberate1874 agnomical1881 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour iii. i. sig. Xvii^v Intermedlynge involuntary somtyme is priuely done, as stelynge, auoutry, poisonyng, falsehede... Somtyme it is violent, as batry, open murdre and manslaughter. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iv. xlv. 505 Phoenix..stoppeth..the inuoluntarie running of vrine. 1620 T. Granger Syntagma Logicum 57 No pure involuntarie, or meere violent-compelled action is a sinne. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 154. ⁋11 Sometimes unexpected flashes of instruction were struck out by..an involuntary concurrence of ideas. 1872 C. Darwin Expression Emotions Man & Animals i. 37 Another familiar instance of a reflex action is the involuntary closing of the eyelids when the surface of the eye is touched. b. Physiology. Concerned in bodily actions or processes which are independent of the will. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > bodily movement > [adjective] > voluntary or involuntary voluntaryc1400 involuntary1840 the world > life > the body > system > [adjective] > organ > types of functions occult1651 systolic1653 rhythmic1826 rhythmical1829 involuntary1840 1840 E. Wilson Anatomist's Vade Mecum (1842) 139 Muscles are divided into two great classes, voluntary and involuntary. 1887 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon I[nvoluntary] nerves, the nerves which supply involuntary muscles. 2. Unwilling (†to do something). ΘΚΠ the mind > will > wish or inclination > unwillingness > [adjective] argha1000 slowOE unwillyc1200 sweera1300 unfain1338 loathc1374 dangerousc1386 eschewc1386 squeamous1387 obstinate?a1439 unpresta1500 ill-willing?1520 evil-willing1525 untowards1525 untowarda1530 unwilling1533 strange1548 ill-willed1549 dainty1553 relucting1553 squeamish?1553 nicea1560 loathful1561 coyish1566 coy1576 unhearty1583 costive1594 unready1595 tarrowinga1598 undisposed1597 involuntary1598 backward1600 retrograde1602 unpregnant1604 scrupulous1608 unprone1611 refractory1614 behindhanda1616 nilling1620 backwards1627 shya1628 retractable1632 reluctant1638 loughta1641 tendera1641 unapt1640 uninclinable1640 unbeteaming1642 boggling1645 averse1646 indisposed1646 aversant1657 incomposed1660 disinclined1703 unobliging1707 unconsenting1713 uninclined1729 tenacious1766 disinclinable1769 ill-disposed1771 unaffectioned1788 scruplesomec1800 back-handed1817 sweert1817 tharf1828 backward in coming forward1830 unvoluntary1834 misinclined1837 squeamy1838 balky1847 retractive1869 grudging1874 tharfish1876 unwishful1876 safety first1917 1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. iij We shewe our selves involuntary to helpe the one the other. 1742 A. Pope New Dunciad* 82 The gath'ring number, as it moves along, Involves a vast involuntary throng. Draft additions September 2017 involuntary manslaughter n. Law a type of criminal homicide in which the killing is unintentional but arises from recklessness, criminal negligence, or another unlawful act; opposed to voluntary manslaughter. ΚΠ 1792 J. McArthur Treat. Naval Courts-martial i. iii. 35 Involuntary manslaughter differs from homicide, excusable by misadventure in this, that misadventure always happens in consequence of a lawful act, but this species of manslaughter in consequence of an unlawful one. 1831 Star (Gettysburg, Pa.) 30 Aug. The individual above named, was..recommended to be indicted for ‘involuntary manslaughter’. 1874 Central Law Jrnl. 1 122/2 W. Page McCarty, recently convicted of involuntary manslaughter for killing his antagonist in a duel. 1923 Weekly Rev. (Shanghai) 27 Jan. 336/2 The gunner would have been guilty of involuntary manslaughter. 1962 G. A. Lipsky et al. Ethiopia xi. 190 In cases of murder, as well as of involuntary manslaughter, the defendant would be turned over to the victim's family. 2012 G. Binder Felony Murder xi. 227 The assailant might be guilty of involuntary manslaughter based on reckless disregard of a risk of death. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2021). > as lemmas in-voluntary in-voluntary, out-voluntary, those respectively played at the beginning and close of a religious service.extracted from voluntaryadj.adv.n. < adj.1531 as lemmas
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involuntaryadj.

Draft additions September 2017

> as lemmas