Iroquoisn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈɪrəkwɔɪ/, U.S.

/ˈɪrəˌkwɔɪ/,

/ˈɪrəˌkwɑ/

Forms:

α. 1600s Irocois, 1600s Irocquois, 1600s Iroquoi's, 1600s Iroquoise, 1600s Jroquois, 1600s Yroquois, 1600s– Iroquois.

β. 1600s Iroques, 1700s Irokese, 1700s Iroquese.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French Iroquois.

Etymology: < French Iroquois, †Yroquois, noun and adjective (1603 as Irocois ), probably < a first element of uncertain origin (see note) + Basque -koa , suffix with the sense ‘those of’ (apparently formed in the context of the 16th-cent. Basque-led whaling expeditions to the Gulf of St Lawrence), with remodelling of the ending after French -ois (see -ese suffix).The identity of the first element is uncertain and disputed. It may be a Basque element (for which there are several suggestions, all posing phonological or semantic problems), but an (unidentified) word or name in a local Algonquian language has also been proposed. Similar formations, apparently with the same suffix, are cited in quot. 1609; of these, Souriquois (a former European name for the Micmac people) is apparently ultimately < Basque zuri white + -koa . Forms and pronunciation. In the β. forms with remodelling of the final syllable after -ese suffix. The current English pronunciation ending in /ɔi/ is a spelling pronunciation based on the α. forms, which reflect French orthography (where oi represents /wa/). The early modern adjective form Iroquoise reflects the feminine form of the French adjective. Earlier currency may be implied by the isolated place name river of Irrouacas, apparently denoting the Richelieu River (a1600 in Hakluyt in a marginal note), perhaps itself reflecting an earlier French usage, transmitted orally.

A. n.

1. A member of a confederacy of five (later six) North American peoples (Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca; later also Tuscarora) who lived originally in northern New York State and later also in southern Ontario and Quebec. The preferred name for the Iroquois Confederacy is now Haudenosaunee.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > peoples of North-Eastern America > [noun] > Iroquois peoples

Mangoak1589

Iroquois1609

Susquehannock1612

Huron1648

Mingo1648

Meherrin1650

Iroquoian1687

Conestoga1699

Wyandot1748

neutral1854

1609 P. Erondelle tr. M. Lescarbot Noua Francia ii. vii. 168 Our Souriquois and Etchemins vnderstand not the Armouchiquois: nor these the Iroquois [Fr. les Iroquois].

1698 tr. L. Hennepin New Discov. in Amer. i. lxxiv. 296 The Nation whom the Iroquois call Hontouagaha.

1710 Ld. Shaftesbury Soliloquy 179 Historys of Incas or Iroquois, written by Friars and Missionarys.

1756 A. Butler Lives Saints II. 650 The saint wrote earnestly to the general of the Society, desiring to be employed on a mission to the barbarous Hurons and Iroquois in Canada.

1852 J. Reynolds Pioneer Hist. Illinois 35 The bitter hostility of the Iroquois or Five Nations to the French.

1881 L. H. Morgan Contrib. N. Amer. Ethnol. 66 The mother-right and gyneocracy among the Iroquois.

1922 D. F. Canfield Rough-hewn i. 4 Neale was silent as an Iroquois.

1988 H. Kraft Lenape viii. 230 A large delegation of Iroquois attended this meeting.

2014 D. Barber Third Plate 6 He planted the Eight Row Flint like the Iroquois planted most of their corn.

2. The language of the Iroquois. Also: spec. the Northern Iroquoian language family.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Amerindian > [noun] > northern Amerindian > Iroquoian

Iroquois1820

Iroquoian1884

1820 S. Jarvis Disc. Relig. Indian Tribes N. Amer. 12 The Iroquois is spoken by the six nations, the Wyandots or Hurons, the Naudowessies, the Assiniboils, and other tribes beyond the St. Lawrence.

1851 Harper's Mag. Aug. 390/2 He fancied he heard her mutter in Iroquois one word—‘revenged’!

1911 Amer. Anthropologist 13 278 Noun incorporation in Iroquois is..a kind of derivational or compositional, at any rate a purely non-syntactic or etymologic process.

1998 MidAtlantic Trav. Spring 45/1 The name ‘Adirondack’ means ‘bark eater’ in Iroquois.

2011 Rev. Eng. Stud. 62 311 Specific North American languages are mentioned (e.g. Algonquin, Iroquois).

B. adj.

Of, belonging to, or relating to the Iroquois or their languages.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > peoples of North-Eastern America > [adjective] > Iroquois peoples

Mingo1661

Iroquois1666

Susquehannock1666

Seneca1684

Iroquoian1697

Meherrin1709

Huron1712

Onondaga1715

Mohawk1751

Oneida1760

Wyandot1780

1666 in E. B. O′Callaghan Documents Colonial Hist. N.-Y. (1853) III. 134 The Irocquois Indians should not cômit any Act of hostility.

1705 J. Harris Navigantium II. 909/2 [We] made towards them, crying out in the Iroquese and Algonquin Languages.

1743 Gentleman's Mag. June 306/2 A young Indian Maid of the Irokese Nation.

1851 H. L. Morgan League of Ho-deˈ-no-sau-nee, or Iroquois i. i. 7 The place where the Iroquois chiefs assembled.

1882 Harper's Mag. June 105/2 One Iroquois tribe—the Tuscaroras—lay quite apart from the rest, in North Carolina.

1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. iv. 72 The languages of the Iroquois type (Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, [etc.]).

1969 Listener 12 June 834/1 It is curious to think of Winston Churchill having Red Indian blood, but his mother was one-eighth Iroquois.

2003 Public Historian 25 84 The Cayugas are the only Iroquois nation without an existing reservation in New York State.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	iroquois
释义	Iroquoisn.adj. Brit. /ˈɪrəkwɔɪ/, U.S. /ˈɪrəˌkwɔɪ/, /ˈɪrəˌkwɑ/ Forms: α. 1600s Irocois, 1600s Irocquois, 1600s Iroquoi's, 1600s Iroquoise, 1600s Jroquois, 1600s Yroquois, 1600s– Iroquois. β. 1600s Iroques, 1700s Irokese, 1700s Iroquese. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French Iroquois. Etymology: < French Iroquois, †Yroquois, noun and adjective (1603 as Irocois ), probably < a first element of uncertain origin (see note) + Basque -koa , suffix with the sense ‘those of’ (apparently formed in the context of the 16th-cent. Basque-led whaling expeditions to the Gulf of St Lawrence), with remodelling of the ending after French -ois (see -ese suffix).The identity of the first element is uncertain and disputed. It may be a Basque element (for which there are several suggestions, all posing phonological or semantic problems), but an (unidentified) word or name in a local Algonquian language has also been proposed. Similar formations, apparently with the same suffix, are cited in quot. 1609; of these, Souriquois (a former European name for the Micmac people) is apparently ultimately < Basque zuri white + -koa . Forms and pronunciation. In the β. forms with remodelling of the final syllable after -ese suffix. The current English pronunciation ending in /ɔi/ is a spelling pronunciation based on the α. forms, which reflect French orthography (where oi represents /wa/). The early modern adjective form Iroquoise reflects the feminine form of the French adjective. Earlier currency may be implied by the isolated place name river of Irrouacas, apparently denoting the Richelieu River (a1600 in Hakluyt in a marginal note), perhaps itself reflecting an earlier French usage, transmitted orally. A. n. 1. A member of a confederacy of five (later six) North American peoples (Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca; later also Tuscarora) who lived originally in northern New York State and later also in southern Ontario and Quebec. The preferred name for the Iroquois Confederacy is now Haudenosaunee. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > peoples of North-Eastern America > [noun] > Iroquois peoples Mangoak1589 Iroquois1609 Susquehannock1612 Huron1648 Mingo1648 Meherrin1650 Iroquoian1687 Conestoga1699 Wyandot1748 neutral1854 1609 P. Erondelle tr. M. Lescarbot Noua Francia ii. vii. 168 Our Souriquois and Etchemins vnderstand not the Armouchiquois: nor these the Iroquois [Fr. les Iroquois]. 1698 tr. L. Hennepin New Discov. in Amer. i. lxxiv. 296 The Nation whom the Iroquois call Hontouagaha. 1710 Ld. Shaftesbury Soliloquy 179 Historys of Incas or Iroquois, written by Friars and Missionarys. 1756 A. Butler Lives Saints II. 650 The saint wrote earnestly to the general of the Society, desiring to be employed on a mission to the barbarous Hurons and Iroquois in Canada. 1852 J. Reynolds Pioneer Hist. Illinois 35 The bitter hostility of the Iroquois or Five Nations to the French. 1881 L. H. Morgan Contrib. N. Amer. Ethnol. 66 The mother-right and gyneocracy among the Iroquois. 1922 D. F. Canfield Rough-hewn i. 4 Neale was silent as an Iroquois. 1988 H. Kraft Lenape viii. 230 A large delegation of Iroquois attended this meeting. 2014 D. Barber Third Plate 6 He planted the Eight Row Flint like the Iroquois planted most of their corn. 2. The language of the Iroquois. Also: spec. the Northern Iroquoian language family. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Amerindian > [noun] > northern Amerindian > Iroquoian Iroquois1820 Iroquoian1884 1820 S. Jarvis Disc. Relig. Indian Tribes N. Amer. 12 The Iroquois is spoken by the six nations, the Wyandots or Hurons, the Naudowessies, the Assiniboils, and other tribes beyond the St. Lawrence. 1851 Harper's Mag. Aug. 390/2 He fancied he heard her mutter in Iroquois one word—‘revenged’! 1911 Amer. Anthropologist 13 278 Noun incorporation in Iroquois is..a kind of derivational or compositional, at any rate a purely non-syntactic or etymologic process. 1998 MidAtlantic Trav. Spring 45/1 The name ‘Adirondack’ means ‘bark eater’ in Iroquois. 2011 Rev. Eng. Stud. 62 311 Specific North American languages are mentioned (e.g. Algonquin, Iroquois). B. adj. Of, belonging to, or relating to the Iroquois or their languages. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > peoples of North-Eastern America > [adjective] > Iroquois peoples Mingo1661 Iroquois1666 Susquehannock1666 Seneca1684 Iroquoian1697 Meherrin1709 Huron1712 Onondaga1715 Mohawk1751 Oneida1760 Wyandot1780 1666 in E. B. O′Callaghan Documents Colonial Hist. N.-Y. (1853) III. 134 The Irocquois Indians should not cômit any Act of hostility. 1705 J. Harris Navigantium II. 909/2 [We] made towards them, crying out in the Iroquese and Algonquin Languages. 1743 Gentleman's Mag. June 306/2 A young Indian Maid of the Irokese Nation. 1851 H. L. Morgan League of Ho-deˈ-no-sau-nee, or Iroquois i. i. 7 The place where the Iroquois chiefs assembled. 1882 Harper's Mag. June 105/2 One Iroquois tribe—the Tuscaroras—lay quite apart from the rest, in North Carolina. 1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. iv. 72 The languages of the Iroquois type (Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, [etc.]). 1969 Listener 12 June 834/1 It is curious to think of Winston Churchill having Red Indian blood, but his mother was one-eighth Iroquois. 2003 Public Historian 25 84 The Cayugas are the only Iroquois nation without an existing reservation in New York State. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1609
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