† ironhardn.

Forms: Old English isenhearde, Middle English hiseneȝerde, Middle English hyrnehard, Middle English hyseneherde, Middle English irenhard, Middle English irenharde, Middle English iyenharde (probably transmission error), Middle English ylenhard (probably transmission error), Middle English yrenhard, Middle English yrnehard, Middle English yseneherde, Middle English yserneherde, 1500s yronhard.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: iron n.¹, hard adj.

Etymology: < iron n.¹ + hard adj. Compare Middle Dutch īserhart (Dutch ijzerhard ), Old Saxon īsarnhard (Middle Low German īserhart ), Old High German īsarhart , īsarnhart (Middle High German īsenhart , German Eisenhart ), and also (with the cognate of iron adj. as first element) Middle Dutch īserenhart , all in sense ‘vervain’. With the use in sense ‘knapweed’, compare ironhead n., ironweed n.

Obsolete.

Any of several plants with tough stems or roots; esp. (a) knapweed, esp. black knapweed, Centaurea nigra, and greater knapweed, C. scabiosa; (b) vervain, Verbena officinalis; (c) restharrow, Ononis repens.

ΚΠ

OE Lacnunga (2001) I. xiv. 8 Se man se ðe biþ on healsoman, nime..garclifan, & isenheardan butan ælcan isene genumen.

OE Lacnunga (2001) I. lxiii. 30 Hænep & hindebrer, isenhearde. Salfige & safine,..brunewyrt & rude, & berbene.

a1300 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 556/41 (MED) Ueruena, i. uerueine, i. irenharde.

a1400 in T. Hunt Plant Names Medieval Eng. (1989) 4 [Acera] irenhard.

a1400 Alphita (Selden) (1887) 25 (MED) Bulmago, resta bouis, uel retinens boues idem. gall. restebeof, anglice cammok uel yseneherde.

?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh.) (1950) 166 Iasia nigra is an herbe þat men clepe matfeloun or bollewed or hyrnehard [c1450 Bodl. yrenhard, a1500 Laud yrnehard] or cnopwourte.

a1500 in T. Hunt Plant Names Medieval Eng. (1989) 58 [Bulmago] gallice restebef, anglice cammok or yserneherde.

1597 J. Gerard Herball App. Yronhard is Knapweed.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

单词	ironhard
释义	† ironhardn. Forms: Old English isenhearde, Middle English hiseneȝerde, Middle English hyrnehard, Middle English hyseneherde, Middle English irenhard, Middle English irenharde, Middle English iyenharde (probably transmission error), Middle English ylenhard (probably transmission error), Middle English yrenhard, Middle English yrnehard, Middle English yseneherde, Middle English yserneherde, 1500s yronhard. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: iron n.¹, hard adj. Etymology: < iron n.¹ + hard adj. Compare Middle Dutch īserhart (Dutch ijzerhard ), Old Saxon īsarnhard (Middle Low German īserhart ), Old High German īsarhart , īsarnhart (Middle High German īsenhart , German Eisenhart ), and also (with the cognate of iron adj. as first element) Middle Dutch īserenhart , all in sense ‘vervain’. With the use in sense ‘knapweed’, compare ironhead n., ironweed n. Obsolete. Any of several plants with tough stems or roots; esp. (a) knapweed, esp. black knapweed, Centaurea nigra, and greater knapweed, C. scabiosa; (b) vervain, Verbena officinalis; (c) restharrow, Ononis repens. ΚΠ OE Lacnunga (2001) I. xiv. 8 Se man se ðe biþ on healsoman, nime..garclifan, & isenheardan butan ælcan isene genumen. OE Lacnunga (2001) I. lxiii. 30 Hænep & hindebrer, isenhearde. Salfige & safine,..brunewyrt & rude, & berbene. a1300 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 556/41 (MED) Ueruena, i. uerueine, i. irenharde. a1400 in T. Hunt Plant Names Medieval Eng. (1989) 4 [Acera] irenhard. a1400 Alphita (Selden) (1887) 25 (MED) Bulmago, resta bouis, uel retinens boues idem. gall. restebeof, anglice cammok uel yseneherde. ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh.) (1950) 166 Iasia nigra is an herbe þat men clepe matfeloun or bollewed or hyrnehard [c1450 Bodl. yrenhard, a1500 Laud yrnehard] or cnopwourte. a1500 in T. Hunt Plant Names Medieval Eng. (1989) 58 [Bulmago] gallice restebef, anglice cammok or yserneherde. 1597 J. Gerard Herball App. Yronhard is Knapweed. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online September 2021). > see also also refers to : iron-hardadj. < n.OE see also
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† ironhardn.

> see also