iron-hardadj.

Brit.

/ˈʌɪənˌhɑːd/, U.S.

/ˈaɪ(ə)rnˌhɑrd/

Forms: see iron n.¹ and hard adj. and n.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: iron n.¹, hard adj.

Etymology: < iron n.¹ + hard adj. Compare Dutch ijzerhard (early 16th cent.), Middle High German īsenherte (German eisenhart ). Compare ironhard n.Currency in Middle English is apparently implied by surnames, e.g. Henry Irenherde (1379), Joh. Ireard (1394). Compare the Old English (rare) personal name Isenheard , Old High German Isanhard , Isanhart , and also the discussion of the Old High German personal name Hiranharto at iron n.¹ The word was apparently re-formed in the early 17th cent.; there is no continuity of use with the Old English.

As hard as iron; extremely hard. rare before 19th cent.In quot. OE sometimes alternatively interpreted as an instrumental compound in sense ‘(made) hard by iron’, i.e. ‘hardened by (blows of) the sword’; compare C. Hough in Neophilologus 84 (2000) 127–36.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > hardness > [adjective] > very

iron-hardOE

bone?a1300

adamantinea1382

stony?1523

adamant1535

steel-harda1560

buff-hard1589

steely1596

diamantine1605

steela1607

rocked1610

Brazil1635

adamantean1671

osseousa1682

iron1708

ferreous1774

rock-likea1793

cast iron1886

bone-hard1924

OE Beowulf (2008) 1112 Æt þæm ade wæs eþgesyne swatfah syrce, swyn eal gylden, eofer irenheard.

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. iii. 109 Men..Whose wits are Lead, whose bodies Iron-hard.

1842 W. Mure Jrnl. Tour Greece I. viii. 95 A class of rocks, which, though of iron-hard consistency of texture, are found at the surface broken.

1899 Westm. Gaz. 3 Feb. 2/1 Montmorency..fell prone on to the iron-hard earth.

1914 E. A. Powell End of Trail xiv. 397 Wiry, iron-hard fellows, their faces sun tanned to the colour of their saddles.

1945 S. J. Baker Austral. Lang. v. 94 A stratum of iron-hard rock or compacted clay and rock encountered during digging.

1959 J. Thompson Getaway vii. 37 It [sc. a bullet] had been further deflected by the iron-hard botch of broken bones and cartilage that formed his rib cage.

1994 B. Hambly Crossroad ix. 125 Astonishing structures of stucco and iron-hard vegetable matter.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	iron-hard
释义	iron-hardadj. Brit. /ˈʌɪənˌhɑːd/, U.S. /ˈaɪ(ə)rnˌhɑrd/ Forms: see iron n.¹ and hard adj. and n. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: iron n.¹, hard adj. Etymology: < iron n.¹ + hard adj. Compare Dutch ijzerhard (early 16th cent.), Middle High German īsenherte (German eisenhart ). Compare ironhard n.Currency in Middle English is apparently implied by surnames, e.g. Henry Irenherde (1379), Joh. Ireard (1394). Compare the Old English (rare) personal name Isenheard , Old High German Isanhard , Isanhart , and also the discussion of the Old High German personal name Hiranharto at iron n.¹ The word was apparently re-formed in the early 17th cent.; there is no continuity of use with the Old English. As hard as iron; extremely hard. rare before 19th cent.In quot. OE sometimes alternatively interpreted as an instrumental compound in sense ‘(made) hard by iron’, i.e. ‘hardened by (blows of) the sword’; compare C. Hough in Neophilologus 84 (2000) 127–36. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > hardness > [adjective] > very iron-hardOE bone?a1300 adamantinea1382 stony?1523 adamant1535 steel-harda1560 buff-hard1589 steely1596 diamantine1605 steela1607 rocked1610 Brazil1635 adamantean1671 osseousa1682 iron1708 ferreous1774 rock-likea1793 cast iron1886 bone-hard1924 OE Beowulf (2008) 1112 Æt þæm ade wæs eþgesyne swatfah syrce, swyn eal gylden, eofer irenheard. 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. iii. 109 Men..Whose wits are Lead, whose bodies Iron-hard. 1842 W. Mure Jrnl. Tour Greece I. viii. 95 A class of rocks, which, though of iron-hard consistency of texture, are found at the surface broken. 1899 Westm. Gaz. 3 Feb. 2/1 Montmorency..fell prone on to the iron-hard earth. 1914 E. A. Powell End of Trail xiv. 397 Wiry, iron-hard fellows, their faces sun tanned to the colour of their saddles. 1945 S. J. Baker Austral. Lang. v. 94 A stratum of iron-hard rock or compacted clay and rock encountered during digging. 1959 J. Thompson Getaway vii. 37 It [sc. a bullet] had been further deflected by the iron-hard botch of broken bones and cartilage that formed his rib cage. 1994 B. Hambly Crossroad ix. 125 Astonishing structures of stucco and iron-hard vegetable matter. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.OE
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