单词 | inquisition |
释义 | inquisitionn. 1. a. The action or process of inquiring or searching into matters, esp. for the purpose of finding out the truth or the facts concerning something; search, inquiry, investigation, examination, research; †scrutiny, inspection (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > research > [noun] inquisitionc1384 inquiryc1440 searcha1500 quest1531 research1604 researching1611 digging1827 fact-finding1854 delving1888 scanning1937 oppo1990 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds xii. 19 Inquisiciouns [emended in ed. to inquicisioun], or sekyng, maad of keperis, he comaundide hem for to be brouȝt. c1450 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi i. iii. 5 Meke knowynge of þiself is more acceptable to god þan depe inquisicion of kunnyng. c1450 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 82 Stody with meke inquysissyon..How I xal have knowynge of Godys wylle. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ecclus. xi. 7 Whan thou hast made enquisicion, then refourme righteously. 1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 63 That the reader may be therby the more iustly occasioned, to make inquisition of the trueth. 1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. iii. i. §5. 9 Wherein if he haue erred, then is all further inquisition friuolous. 1757 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful iv. §21. 155 The parts..are yet so minute as to conceal the figure of their component parts from the nicest inquisition of the microscope. a1807 W. Wordsworth Prelude (1959) viii. 302 A simple look Of child-like inquisition, now and then Cast upwards on thine eye. 1897 F. Hall in Nation (N.Y.) 64 163/2 Nor has it escaped the inquisition of the curious. b. with plural. An act of inquiring, or process of inquiry; a search, an investigation. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > [noun] > act or instance of askOE askingOE questionc1350 demandc1386 inquestc1400 interrogationc1405 inquisitionc1440 questioninga1450 inquirea1500 manda1500 terogatores1511 interrogatory1533 inquiry1548 interrogator1561 interrogativea1586 quaere1589 intergatory1590 A1591 Q1591 query1610 interrogate1633 starter1673 querical1699 speer1788 qy.1819 Q1902 the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > [noun] > instance of inquisitionc1440 investigation1533 sight1592 review1611 percontation1623 evestigation1658 inquirendoa1846 shakedown1914 look-around1967 nosy1990 c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Add. MS.) i. xxxviii. 154 Anon was made an Inquysicion, who sawe the Erle turne the playse in the disshe. 1661 O. Felltham Resolves (rev. ed.) 246 I will not care for a friend full of Inquisitions. 1676 M. Hale Contempl. Moral & Divine: 2nd Pt. 190 Make as speedy an Inquisition, as thou canst, into thy own state. 1735 G. Berkeley Def. Free-thinking in Math. §11 I heartily abhor an inquisition in faith. 1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 295 By a searching inquisition every free-born citizen..had been swept into the ranks. 2. A judicial or official investigation or inquiry, an inquest; also the document recording such inquiry and its result. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > trying or hearing of cause > [noun] > judicial inquiry inquestc1290 assize1297 inquisition1387 questa1393 examinationc1410 judicial inquiry1702 tribunal1916 society > law > administration of justice > court papers > [noun] > records of court proceedings > specifically of judicial inquiry inquisition1839 1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VIII. 295 Kyng Edward made hard inquisicioun aȝenst evel doers, and aȝenst hem þat trespased aȝenst þe crowne, þat manere inquisicioun hiȝte trail~bastoun. 1426–7 W. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 9 Þe seyd Walter and Richard were founden gilty of þe seyd trespas by an jnquisicion þer-of takyn. 1467 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 385 By the serche of the Bayllies or by Inquisicion of .xij. men. 1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) f. xxv A man before such age shal not be sworne in no iury nor in no inquisicion. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. lv The inquisicion intendid & taken at the cytie of London..afore Thomas Barnewell crouner. a1687 W. Petty Polit. Anat. Ireland (1691) 61 Ann. 1653, and 1654. there were Inquisitions taken of the Values which all and every parcel of Land in Ireland yielded Ann. 1641. 1707 J. Chamberlayne Angliæ Notitia (ed. 22) iii. xi. 375 (Records in Tower) Inquisitions post mortem, of infinite advantage upon Trials of Interest or Descent. 1712 London Gaz. No. 5074/2 An Inquisition taken..upon View of the dead Body of James Duke of Hamilton. 1767 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. (new ed.) II. xvii. 265 These, not being forfeited till the matter on which they arise is found by the inquisition of a jury, and so made a matter of record. 1839 W. B. Stonehouse Hist. Isle of Axholme 63 The inhabitants of the Isle or Borderers as they are termed in the Inquisition of 1607. 1840 Penny Cycl. XVI. 405/2 Where the king is entitled, upon the occurrence of certain events, to take possession of real or personal property previously belonging to a subject, the facts upon which the king's title accrues must be first ascertained by an inquisition or inquest of office. 1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. ii. x. 546 A defendant may be prosecuted for murder or manslaughter upon an inquisition, which is the record of the finding of a jury sworn to inquire concerning the death of a person super visum corporis. 1896 Law Times 100 358/1 R. became a lunatic, and was so found by inquisition. 3. ⓘ a. Roman Catholic Church. Chiefly with the and capital initial. A body of ecclesiastical courts established by the papacy in 1232 for the suppression of heresy and punishment of heretics; any of various later ecclesiastical courts established along similar lines, such as the Spanish Inquisition (authorized in 1478, see Spanish Inquisition n. 1), the Roman Inquisition (established in 1542), and the Portuguese Inquisition (established in 1536). Cf. inquisitor n. 3. Now historical.The Inquisition was originally established for the suppression of Catholic heresy, but also targeted converts from Judaism and Islam and, following the Reformation, Protestants. Most inquisitions were abolished in the first half of the 19th cent.; however, the Roman Inquisition (which was officially called the Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition and was also known as the Holy Office) continued until 1908 when it was renamed the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office (see Holy Office). ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > ecclesiastical discipline > court > papal court (Inquisition) > [noun] inquisition1502 Spanish Inquisition1560 faith-press1624 Holy Office1642 1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) iv. viii. sig. t.ii v That letteth malycyously the offyce of the sayd inquysycyon. 1568 V. Skinner tr. R. González de Montes (title) A discouery and playne declaration of sundry subtill practises of the Holy Inquisition of Spayne. 1664 H. More Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity 439 Many..were most barbarously abused in the close Prisons of the Inquisition. 1691 London Gaz. No. 2724/1 On the 20th Instant..by Order of the Tribunal of the Inquisition at Toledo..Eight Jews were burnt alive. 1749 T. Nugent Grand Tour III. 267 [At Rome] they have an inquisition, but it is neither so severe as those of Portugal and Spain, nor does it exercise its jurisdiction over foreigners. 1882 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. II. 251 He lingered as a prisoner of the Inquisition for sixteen years. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xvi. [Eumaeus] 598 Spain decayed when the Inquisition hounded the jews out. 1988 T. Ferris Coming of Age in Milky Way (1989) i. v. 99 Galileo was ordered to appear before the Inquisition in Rome. 2002 N. Drury Dict. Esoteric 34/1 In the Middle Ages, the threat of satanism was greatly exaggerated by the Inquisition. 2018 E. Morales Latinx i. 20 The fever for blood purity climaxed with the Inquisition. b. figurative. Something, esp. a group or institution, likened to the Inquisition in subjecting others to persecution, torture, or interrogation. ΚΠ 1701 S. Parker Sylva iv. 79 A Man cannot utter a familiar Sentence, but an Inquisition of Jackanapes immediately sets upon't. 1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 48 Declaring that it could not be very agreeable to live in a family where an inquisition was established. 1831 E. Sandford Woman in her Social & Domestic Char. x. 129 The modern school-room..might pass in succeeding centuries for a refined inquisition. There would be found stocks for the fingers, and pulleys for the neck, [etc.]. a1897 H. Drummond Ideal Life (1899) 86 Without that, life is worse than an enigma: it is an inquisition. 1914 Suffragette 2 Jan. 267/2 By making the doctors agents of the modern inquisition the Government have desecrated a noble profession. 2005 Nation (N.Y.) 7 Mar. 12/2 After years of patient effort by a few journalists, psychoanalysts, psychological researchers and advocates for justice, ‘recovered memory’ as a tool of the latter-day Inquisition fell into disrepute. Compounds attributive and in other combinations. ΚΠ 1618 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. IV. N.T. i. 450 Ægypt is become the Sanctuary, Iudea the Inquisition-house of the Sonne of God. c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1644 (1955) II. 290 [In Rome is] the Inquisition house and Prison the inside whereoff, I thanke God, I was not curious to see. 1766 W. Gordon Gen. Counting-house 281 To the inquisition-vessel, 22 rials. 1878 Ld. Tennyson Revenge ii I should count myself the coward if I left them..To these Inquisition dogs and the devildoms of Spain. 1891 Pall Mall Gaz. 1 July 2/2 There is a reign of more than Inquisition-terror at Santiago. Draft additions 1993 gen. Any intensive, sustained, or unwelcome questioning; a ‘grilling’. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > interrogation > [noun] > intensive questioning opposing1440 vexationa1525 Spanish Inquisition1625 pump1740 sweating1824 grilling1839 inquisition1856 third degree1900 stress interview1942 third-degreeing1944 1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits xv. 260 A relentless inquisition drags every secret to the day..so as to make the public a more terrible spy than any foreigner. 1906 F. S. Oliver Alexander Hamilton v. ii. 381 The rectitudinous inquisition that is enjoyed under the freedom of the press. 1925 F. S. Fitzgerald Great Gatsby ix. 212 The bored, sprawling, swollen towns beyond the Ohio, with their interminable inquisitions which spared only the children and the very old. 1985 K. Williams Just Williams viii. 152 She had just completed an interview which she described as ‘a 1½ hour inquisition’. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2022). inquisitionv. a. intransitive. To make inquisition or investigation. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > investigate, inspect [verb (intransitive)] inquirec1330 aska1382 ensearch1382 questiona1500 investigate?1520 vestigatea1561 to look into ——1561 perpend1568 mouse1575 rake1603 undergo1605 fathom1607 ravel1618 examine1628 inquisition1644 to cast abouta1676 inspect1703 sound1793 disquisitea1823 look-see1862 to cast about one1867 1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 25 If it come to inquisitioning again, and licencing..it cannot be guest what is intended by som but a second tyranny over learning. b. transitive. To proceed against by the Inquisition. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > trying or hearing of cause > try or hear cause [verb (transitive)] > try by methods of inquisition inquisite1639 inquisition1647 1647 J. Hall Poems i. 2 Or if you into some blind Convent fly Y' are inquisition'd straight for heresie. 1895 Academy 29 June 537/3 They bore their testimony..in very aggressive fashion, and so were cruelly inquisitioned and done to death. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2019). < n.c1384v.1644 |
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