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单词 inquisition
释义

inquisitionn.

Brit. /ˌɪnkwᵻˈzɪʃn/, /ˌɪŋkwᵻˈzɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌɪnkwəˈzɪʃ(ə)n/, /ˌɪŋkwəˈzɪʃ(ə)n/
Forms: Middle English–1600s inquisicion, , etc. (with usual interchange in Middle English–1500s (of i and y, s and c sc, ss)-on (-one) and -oun), 1500s enquisicion, 1500s– inquisition.
Etymology: < Old French inquisition, -icion (12th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter), < Latin inquīsītiōn-em searching into, examination, legal examination, noun of action from inquīrĕre to inquire v. Compare Italian inquisizione, Spanish inquisicion.
1.
a. The action or process of inquiring or searching into matters, esp. for the purpose of finding out the truth or the facts concerning something; search, inquiry, investigation, examination, research; †scrutiny, inspection (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > research > [noun]
inquisitionc1384
inquiryc1440
searcha1500
quest1531
research1604
researching1611
digging1827
fact-finding1854
delving1888
scanning1937
oppo1990
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds xii. 19 Inquisiciouns [emended in ed. to inquicisioun], or sekyng, maad of keperis, he comaundide hem for to be brouȝt.
c1450 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi i. iii. 5 Meke knowynge of þiself is more acceptable to god þan depe inquisicion of kunnyng.
c1450 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 82 Stody with meke inquysissyon..How I xal have knowynge of Godys wylle.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ecclus. xi. 7 Whan thou hast made enquisicion, then refourme righteously.
1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 63 That the reader may be therby the more iustly occasioned, to make inquisition of the trueth.
1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. iii. i. §5. 9 Wherein if he haue erred, then is all further inquisition friuolous.
1757 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful iv. §21. 155 The parts..are yet so minute as to conceal the figure of their component parts from the nicest inquisition of the microscope.
a1807 W. Wordsworth Prelude (1959) viii. 302 A simple look Of child-like inquisition, now and then Cast upwards on thine eye.
1897 F. Hall in Nation (N.Y.) 64 163/2 Nor has it escaped the inquisition of the curious.
b. with plural. An act of inquiring, or process of inquiry; a search, an investigation.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > [noun] > act or instance of
askOE
askingOE
questionc1350
demandc1386
inquestc1400
interrogationc1405
inquisitionc1440
questioninga1450
inquirea1500
manda1500
terogatores1511
interrogatory1533
inquiry1548
interrogator1561
interrogativea1586
quaere1589
intergatory1590
A1591
Q1591
query1610
interrogate1633
starter1673
querical1699
speer1788
qy.1819
Q1902
the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > [noun] > instance of
inquisitionc1440
investigation1533
sight1592
review1611
percontation1623
evestigation1658
inquirendoa1846
shakedown1914
look-around1967
nosy1990
c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Add. MS.) i. xxxviii. 154 Anon was made an Inquysicion, who sawe the Erle turne the playse in the disshe.
1661 O. Felltham Resolves (rev. ed.) 246 I will not care for a friend full of Inquisitions.
1676 M. Hale Contempl. Moral & Divine: 2nd Pt. 190 Make as speedy an Inquisition, as thou canst, into thy own state.
1735 G. Berkeley Def. Free-thinking in Math. §11 I heartily abhor an inquisition in faith.
1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 295 By a searching inquisition every free-born citizen..had been swept into the ranks.
2. A judicial or official investigation or inquiry, an inquest; also the document recording such inquiry and its result.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > trying or hearing of cause > [noun] > judicial inquiry
inquestc1290
assize1297
inquisition1387
questa1393
examinationc1410
judicial inquiry1702
tribunal1916
society > law > administration of justice > court papers > [noun] > records of court proceedings > specifically of judicial inquiry
inquisition1839
1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VIII. 295 Kyng Edward made hard inquisicioun aȝenst evel doers, and aȝenst hem þat trespased aȝenst þe crowne, þat manere inquisicioun hiȝte trail~bastoun.
1426–7 W. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 9 Þe seyd Walter and Richard were founden gilty of þe seyd trespas by an jnquisicion þer-of takyn.
1467 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 385 By the serche of the Bayllies or by Inquisicion of .xij. men.
1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) f. xxv A man before such age shal not be sworne in no iury nor in no inquisicion.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. lv The inquisicion intendid & taken at the cytie of London..afore Thomas Barnewell crouner.
a1687 W. Petty Polit. Anat. Ireland (1691) 61 Ann. 1653, and 1654. there were Inquisitions taken of the Values which all and every parcel of Land in Ireland yielded Ann. 1641.
1707 J. Chamberlayne Angliæ Notitia (ed. 22) iii. xi. 375 (Records in Tower) Inquisitions post mortem, of infinite advantage upon Trials of Interest or Descent.
1712 London Gaz. No. 5074/2 An Inquisition taken..upon View of the dead Body of James Duke of Hamilton.
1767 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. (new ed.) II. xvii. 265 These, not being forfeited till the matter on which they arise is found by the inquisition of a jury, and so made a matter of record.
1839 W. B. Stonehouse Hist. Isle of Axholme 63 The inhabitants of the Isle or Borderers as they are termed in the Inquisition of 1607.
1840 Penny Cycl. XVI. 405/2 Where the king is entitled, upon the occurrence of certain events, to take possession of real or personal property previously belonging to a subject, the facts upon which the king's title accrues must be first ascertained by an inquisition or inquest of office.
1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. ii. x. 546 A defendant may be prosecuted for murder or manslaughter upon an inquisition, which is the record of the finding of a jury sworn to inquire concerning the death of a person super visum corporis.
1896 Law Times 100 358/1 R. became a lunatic, and was so found by inquisition.
3.
a. Roman Catholic Church. Chiefly with the and capital initial. A body of ecclesiastical courts established by the papacy in 1232 for the suppression of heresy and punishment of heretics; any of various later ecclesiastical courts established along similar lines, such as the Spanish Inquisition (authorized in 1478, see Spanish Inquisition n. 1), the Roman Inquisition (established in 1542), and the Portuguese Inquisition (established in 1536). Cf. inquisitor n. 3. Now historical.The Inquisition was originally established for the suppression of Catholic heresy, but also targeted converts from Judaism and Islam and, following the Reformation, Protestants. Most inquisitions were abolished in the first half of the 19th cent.; however, the Roman Inquisition (which was officially called the Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition and was also known as the Holy Office) continued until 1908 when it was renamed the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office (see Holy Office).
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > ecclesiastical discipline > court > papal court (Inquisition) > [noun]
inquisition1502
Spanish Inquisition1560
faith-press1624
Holy Office1642
1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) iv. viii. sig. t.ii v That letteth malycyously the offyce of the sayd inquysycyon.
1568 V. Skinner tr. R. González de Montes (title) A discouery and playne declaration of sundry subtill practises of the Holy Inquisition of Spayne.
1664 H. More Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity 439 Many..were most barbarously abused in the close Prisons of the Inquisition.
1691 London Gaz. No. 2724/1 On the 20th Instant..by Order of the Tribunal of the Inquisition at Toledo..Eight Jews were burnt alive.
1749 T. Nugent Grand Tour III. 267 [At Rome] they have an inquisition, but it is neither so severe as those of Portugal and Spain, nor does it exercise its jurisdiction over foreigners.
1882 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. II. 251 He lingered as a prisoner of the Inquisition for sixteen years.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xvi. [Eumaeus] 598 Spain decayed when the Inquisition hounded the jews out.
1988 T. Ferris Coming of Age in Milky Way (1989) i. v. 99 Galileo was ordered to appear before the Inquisition in Rome.
2002 N. Drury Dict. Esoteric 34/1 In the Middle Ages, the threat of satanism was greatly exaggerated by the Inquisition.
2018 E. Morales Latinx i. 20 The fever for blood purity climaxed with the Inquisition.
b. figurative. Something, esp. a group or institution, likened to the Inquisition in subjecting others to persecution, torture, or interrogation.
ΚΠ
1701 S. Parker Sylva iv. 79 A Man cannot utter a familiar Sentence, but an Inquisition of Jackanapes immediately sets upon't.
1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 48 Declaring that it could not be very agreeable to live in a family where an inquisition was established.
1831 E. Sandford Woman in her Social & Domestic Char. x. 129 The modern school-room..might pass in succeeding centuries for a refined inquisition. There would be found stocks for the fingers, and pulleys for the neck, [etc.].
a1897 H. Drummond Ideal Life (1899) 86 Without that, life is worse than an enigma: it is an inquisition.
1914 Suffragette 2 Jan. 267/2 By making the doctors agents of the modern inquisition the Government have desecrated a noble profession.
2005 Nation (N.Y.) 7 Mar. 12/2 After years of patient effort by a few journalists, psychoanalysts, psychological researchers and advocates for justice, ‘recovered memory’ as a tool of the latter-day Inquisition fell into disrepute.

Compounds

attributive and in other combinations.
ΚΠ
1618 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. IV. N.T. i. 450 Ægypt is become the Sanctuary, Iudea the Inquisition-house of the Sonne of God.
c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1644 (1955) II. 290 [In Rome is] the Inquisition house and Prison the inside whereoff, I thanke God, I was not curious to see.
1766 W. Gordon Gen. Counting-house 281 To the inquisition-vessel, 22 rials.
1878 Ld. Tennyson Revenge ii I should count myself the coward if I left them..To these Inquisition dogs and the devildoms of Spain.
1891 Pall Mall Gaz. 1 July 2/2 There is a reign of more than Inquisition-terror at Santiago.

Draft additions 1993

gen. Any intensive, sustained, or unwelcome questioning; a ‘grilling’.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > interrogation > [noun] > intensive questioning
opposing1440
vexationa1525
Spanish Inquisition1625
pump1740
sweating1824
grilling1839
inquisition1856
third degree1900
stress interview1942
third-degreeing1944
1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits xv. 260 A relentless inquisition drags every secret to the day..so as to make the public a more terrible spy than any foreigner.
1906 F. S. Oliver Alexander Hamilton v. ii. 381 The rectitudinous inquisition that is enjoyed under the freedom of the press.
1925 F. S. Fitzgerald Great Gatsby ix. 212 The bored, sprawling, swollen towns beyond the Ohio, with their interminable inquisitions which spared only the children and the very old.
1985 K. Williams Just Williams viii. 152 She had just completed an interview which she described as ‘a 1½ hour inquisition’.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

inquisitionv.

Etymology: < inquisition n.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: inquiˈsition.
a. intransitive. To make inquisition or investigation.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > investigate, inspect [verb (intransitive)]
inquirec1330
aska1382
ensearch1382
questiona1500
investigate?1520
vestigatea1561
to look into ——1561
perpend1568
mouse1575
rake1603
undergo1605
fathom1607
ravel1618
examine1628
inquisition1644
to cast abouta1676
inspect1703
sound1793
disquisitea1823
look-see1862
to cast about one1867
1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 25 If it come to inquisitioning again, and licencing..it cannot be guest what is intended by som but a second tyranny over learning.
b. transitive. To proceed against by the Inquisition.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > trying or hearing of cause > try or hear cause [verb (transitive)] > try by methods of inquisition
inquisite1639
inquisition1647
1647 J. Hall Poems i. 2 Or if you into some blind Convent fly Y' are inquisition'd straight for heresie.
1895 Academy 29 June 537/3 They bore their testimony..in very aggressive fashion, and so were cruelly inquisitioned and done to death.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2019).
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n.c1384v.1644
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