inflectionn.

/ɪnˈflɛkʃən/

Forms: 1500s– inflection, 1500s– inflexion.

Etymology: < Latin inflexiōn-em, noun of action < inflectĕre (participial stem inflex- ) to inflect v. Compare French inflexion (14th cent. in Godefroy Compl.). As to the spelling compare connection n., deflection n.

a. The action of inflecting or bending, or, more particularly, of bending in or towards itself.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > [noun] > action or process

crookc1330

bowinga1398

bending1398

embowing1430

inflection1531

bent1567

curving1594

flexure1600

curbing1601

crooking1607

incurvation1608

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. xx. sig. Kiv A..crafty daunser, which in his daunse coulde imagine the inflexions of the serpente.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iii. i. 104 They conceive there may be a progression or advancement made in motion without the inflexion of parts.

1757 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful iii. §22. 107 There is required a small inflexion of the body.

1837 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. II. 76 The inflexion of a direct motion into a curve.

1875 C. Darwin Insectivorous Plants vii. 172 Sufficient to cause the inflection of a single tentacle.

b. The condition of being inflected or bent; concrete a bending, bend, curvature, or angle.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > [noun] > a curve

bightOE

crookingc1380

curvature?a1425

bought1519

compass1545

ply1575

reflexure1578

curve1596

circumflex1601

curb1601

flexion1607

flexure1608

round1608

sinus1615

return1626

inflection1658

curvity1705

sweep1715

tarve1848

the world > space > shape > curvature > [noun]

curvation?a1425

curvity?a1425

curvaturea1460

bent1541

bend1597

curvedness1598

flexure1628

incurvation1647

compassedness1652

deflexure1656

flexion1656

curvilinearity1756

deflection1821

wind1825

inflection1837

1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus ii, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 117 The Labyrinth of Crete, built upon a long quadrate, containing five large squares, communicating by right inflections, terminating in the centre of the middle square, and lodging of the Minotaur.

1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ iii. i. §16 The several inflections of the joynts serve for all kind of figures.

1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 219 [The] view..varied..according to the inflexions of the road.

1802 J. Playfair Illustr. Huttonian Theory 213 The section..of this ridge is highly instructive, from the great disturbance of the primary strata, and the variety of their inflexions.

1837 D. Brewster Treat. Magnetism 234 This singular inflexion of the magnetic equator in the South Sea.

1854 S. P. Woodward Man. Mollusca ii. 301 Ligament..contained in a spoon-shaped inflection.

c. figurative. A mental or moral bending or turning.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > [noun]

kinda1200

disposingc1380

disposition1393

aptc1400

hieldc1400

remotiona1425

inclination?a1439

incliningc1450

taste1477

intendment1509

benta1535

swing1538

approclivity1546

aptness1548

swinge1548

drift1549

set1567

addiction1570

disposedness1583

swaya1586

leaning1587

intention1594

inflection1597

inclinableness1608

appetite1626

vogue1626

tendency1628

tendence1632

aptitude1633

gravitation1644

propension1644

biasing1645

conducement1646

flexure1652

propendency1660

tend1663

vergencya1665

pend1674

to have a way of1748

polarity1767

appetency1802

drive1885

overleaning1896

1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. xxxviii. 75 The very steps and inflections euery way..of all passions whereunto the minde is subiect.

1774 J. Bryant New Syst. (new ed.) I. 190 The allusion will not be..obtained by undue inflexions or distortions.

1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 158 Even in..self-analysis men are not infrequently insincere and evasive... Were the moral processes incapable of such inflections [etc.].

†2. Optics. The bending of a ray of light, at the edge of a body, into the geometrical shadow. Now called diffraction n. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > diffraction > [noun]

diffraction1672

deflectiona1703

inflection1704

interference1830

Fraunhofer diffraction1888

Fresnel diffraction1905

1704 I. Newton (title) Opticks: or a treatise of the reflections, refractions, inflections and colours of light.

1728 H. Pemberton View Sir I. Newton's Philos. 377 These shadows are also observed to be bordered with colours. This our author calls the inflection of light.

1796 H. Brougham in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 86 228 If a ray passes within a certain distance of any body, it is bent inwards; this we shall call Inflection.

1855 D. Brewster Mem. Life I. Newton (new ed.) I. ix. 194 There is an inflexion of light differing both from refraction and reflexion, and seeming to depend upon the unequal density of the constituent parts of the ray.

1865–72 H. Watts Dict. Chem. III. 601 at Light These effects, formerly known as Inflection, and now called Diffraction.

3. Geometry. Change of curvature from convex to concave at a particular point on a curve; the point at which this takes place is called a point of inflection (or shortly an inflection); at such a point the moving tangent to the curve becomes stationary, the direction of its angular motion being changed; hence inflection is also applied to such a stationary tangent itself, or to the analogous stationary osculating plane ( plane inflection) in a non-plane curve.

ΚΠ

1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Inflection Point of a Curve is the Point where a Curve begins to bend back again a contrary Way.

1743 W. Emerson Doctr. Fluxions 144 The Point of Inflexion or contrary Flexure is that Point which separates the convex from the concave Part of the Curve.

1882 G. M. Minchin Uniplanar Kinematics 100 Points on this circle are therefore points of inflexion on the roulettes to which they give rise; and the circle is hence called the Circle of Inflexions.

1886 A. G. Greenhill Differential & Integral Calculus 240 At a point of inflexion the curve crosses the tangent.

a. Grammar. The modification of the form of a word to express the different grammatical relations into which it may enter; including the declension of substantives, adjectives and pronouns, the conjugation of verbs, the comparison of adjectives and adverbs (but some treat the last under Derivation or Word-formation).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > inflection > [noun]

accidenta1504

declining1565

flexion1614

inflection1668

1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. 297 The rules which are proper and peculiar to any one Language..about the Inflexion of words, and the Government of cases.

1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. 453 Varro..doth not there design to give an account of the just number of words in the Latin, but only to shew the great variety [of words] which is made by the Inflexion and Composition of Verbs.

1876 C. P. Mason Eng. Gram. (ed. 21) 27 The process of forming the different cases of a noun is called inflection.

b. concrete. An inflected form of a word; also, the inflectional suffix or element.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > inflection > [noun] > inflected form

inflection1668

1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. 21 Rules for all such Grammatical Derivations and Inflexions.

1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India I. iii. v. 277 It has now been demonstrated by means of a comparison of the inflexions.

1871 H. J. Roby Gram. Lat. Lang. ii. xviii. 189 The indicative mood contains no special inflexions to distinguish it.

1874 H. Sweet Hist. Eng. Sounds 160 Old English is the period of full inflections..Middle English of levelled inflections..and Modern English of lost inflections.

1876 C. P. Mason Eng. Gram. (ed. 21) 29 This power of treating an inflected form or a complex phrase as though it were a single declinable word, and adding inflections to it, is very remarkable in English.

5. Modulation of the voice; in speaking or singing: a change in the pitch or tone of the voice.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > quality of voice > [noun] > tone of voice > change of tone

inflectiona1600

society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > [noun] > modulation of voice

tuning1597

inflectiona1600

port of the voice1728

a1600 R. Hooker in Wks. (1845) I. 508 The motion of his body and the inflection of his voice.

1783 H. Blair Lect. Rhetoric I. vi. 108 With regard to inflexions of voice, these are so natural, that, to some nations, it has appeared easier to express different ideas, by varying the tone with which they pronounced the same word, than to contrive words for all their ideas.

1795 W. Mason Ess. Eng. Church Music i. 59 It does neither so easily and generally admit, nor so variously introduce those accentual inflexions which they love to employ.

1839 W. Irving Mountjoy in Knickerbocker Dec. 524 Such melodious sounds and exquisite inflexions could only be produced by organs of the most delicate flexibility.

1880 G. Grove Dict. Music II. 765/2 A series of Inflections usually described by modern writers as the ‘Gregorian Tones’.

1883 F. M. Peard Contradictions I. 10 There was an inflection in her voice which suggested command.

Derivatives

inˈflectionless adj. (also inflexionless) void of inflection or modulation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > quality of voice > [adjective] > dull

blinda1398

flat1626

unmodulated1755

immodulated1765

toneless1833

inflectionless1878

timbreless1928

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > inflection > [adjective] > inflected > not

impersonalc1620

absolute1786

crude1805

aptotic1849

flexionless1860

inflectionless1878

1878 J. A. H. Murray in Encycl. Brit. VIII. 398 The language had at length reached the all but inflexionless state which it now presents.

1888 L. Spender Kept Secret III. xiii. 225 His voice was subdued and inflectionless.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	inflection
释义	inflectionn. /ɪnˈflɛkʃən/ Forms: 1500s– inflection, 1500s– inflexion. Etymology: < Latin inflexiōn-em, noun of action < inflectĕre (participial stem inflex- ) to inflect v. Compare French inflexion (14th cent. in Godefroy Compl.). As to the spelling compare connection n., deflection n. 1. a. The action of inflecting or bending, or, more particularly, of bending in or towards itself. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > [noun] > action or process crookc1330 bowinga1398 bending1398 embowing1430 inflection1531 bent1567 curving1594 flexure1600 curbing1601 crooking1607 incurvation1608 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. xx. sig. Kiv A..crafty daunser, which in his daunse coulde imagine the inflexions of the serpente. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iii. i. 104 They conceive there may be a progression or advancement made in motion without the inflexion of parts. View more context for this quotation 1757 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful iii. §22. 107 There is required a small inflexion of the body. 1837 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. II. 76 The inflexion of a direct motion into a curve. 1875 C. Darwin Insectivorous Plants vii. 172 Sufficient to cause the inflection of a single tentacle. b. The condition of being inflected or bent; concrete a bending, bend, curvature, or angle. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > [noun] > a curve bightOE crookingc1380 curvature?a1425 bought1519 compass1545 ply1575 reflexure1578 curve1596 circumflex1601 curb1601 flexion1607 flexure1608 round1608 sinus1615 return1626 inflection1658 curvity1705 sweep1715 tarve1848 the world > space > shape > curvature > [noun] curvation?a1425 curvity?a1425 curvaturea1460 bent1541 bend1597 curvedness1598 flexure1628 incurvation1647 compassedness1652 deflexure1656 flexion1656 curvilinearity1756 deflection1821 wind1825 inflection1837 1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus ii, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 117 The Labyrinth of Crete, built upon a long quadrate, containing five large squares, communicating by right inflections, terminating in the centre of the middle square, and lodging of the Minotaur. 1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ iii. i. §16 The several inflections of the joynts serve for all kind of figures. 1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 219 [The] view..varied..according to the inflexions of the road. 1802 J. Playfair Illustr. Huttonian Theory 213 The section..of this ridge is highly instructive, from the great disturbance of the primary strata, and the variety of their inflexions. 1837 D. Brewster Treat. Magnetism 234 This singular inflexion of the magnetic equator in the South Sea. 1854 S. P. Woodward Man. Mollusca ii. 301 Ligament..contained in a spoon-shaped inflection. c. figurative. A mental or moral bending or turning. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > [noun] kinda1200 disposingc1380 disposition1393 aptc1400 hieldc1400 remotiona1425 inclination?a1439 incliningc1450 taste1477 intendment1509 benta1535 swing1538 approclivity1546 aptness1548 swinge1548 drift1549 set1567 addiction1570 disposedness1583 swaya1586 leaning1587 intention1594 inflection1597 inclinableness1608 appetite1626 vogue1626 tendency1628 tendence1632 aptitude1633 gravitation1644 propension1644 biasing1645 conducement1646 flexure1652 propendency1660 tend1663 vergencya1665 pend1674 to have a way of1748 polarity1767 appetency1802 drive1885 overleaning1896 1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. xxxviii. 75 The very steps and inflections euery way..of all passions whereunto the minde is subiect. 1774 J. Bryant New Syst. (new ed.) I. 190 The allusion will not be..obtained by undue inflexions or distortions. 1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 158 Even in..self-analysis men are not infrequently insincere and evasive... Were the moral processes incapable of such inflections [etc.]. †2. Optics. The bending of a ray of light, at the edge of a body, into the geometrical shadow. Now called diffraction n. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > diffraction > [noun] diffraction1672 deflectiona1703 inflection1704 interference1830 Fraunhofer diffraction1888 Fresnel diffraction1905 1704 I. Newton (title) Opticks: or a treatise of the reflections, refractions, inflections and colours of light. 1728 H. Pemberton View Sir I. Newton's Philos. 377 These shadows are also observed to be bordered with colours. This our author calls the inflection of light. 1796 H. Brougham in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 86 228 If a ray passes within a certain distance of any body, it is bent inwards; this we shall call Inflection. 1855 D. Brewster Mem. Life I. Newton (new ed.) I. ix. 194 There is an inflexion of light differing both from refraction and reflexion, and seeming to depend upon the unequal density of the constituent parts of the ray. 1865–72 H. Watts Dict. Chem. III. 601 at Light These effects, formerly known as Inflection, and now called Diffraction. 3. Geometry. Change of curvature from convex to concave at a particular point on a curve; the point at which this takes place is called a point of inflection (or shortly an inflection); at such a point the moving tangent to the curve becomes stationary, the direction of its angular motion being changed; hence inflection is also applied to such a stationary tangent itself, or to the analogous stationary osculating plane ( plane inflection) in a non-plane curve. ΚΠ 1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Inflection Point of a Curve is the Point where a Curve begins to bend back again a contrary Way. 1743 W. Emerson Doctr. Fluxions 144 The Point of Inflexion or contrary Flexure is that Point which separates the convex from the concave Part of the Curve. 1882 G. M. Minchin Uniplanar Kinematics 100 Points on this circle are therefore points of inflexion on the roulettes to which they give rise; and the circle is hence called the Circle of Inflexions. 1886 A. G. Greenhill Differential & Integral Calculus 240 At a point of inflexion the curve crosses the tangent. 4. a. Grammar. The modification of the form of a word to express the different grammatical relations into which it may enter; including the declension of substantives, adjectives and pronouns, the conjugation of verbs, the comparison of adjectives and adverbs (but some treat the last under Derivation or Word-formation). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > inflection > [noun] accidenta1504 declining1565 flexion1614 inflection1668 1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. 297 The rules which are proper and peculiar to any one Language..about the Inflexion of words, and the Government of cases. 1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. 453 Varro..doth not there design to give an account of the just number of words in the Latin, but only to shew the great variety [of words] which is made by the Inflexion and Composition of Verbs. 1876 C. P. Mason Eng. Gram. (ed. 21) 27 The process of forming the different cases of a noun is called inflection. b. concrete. An inflected form of a word; also, the inflectional suffix or element. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > inflection > [noun] > inflected form inflection1668 1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. 21 Rules for all such Grammatical Derivations and Inflexions. 1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India I. iii. v. 277 It has now been demonstrated by means of a comparison of the inflexions. 1871 H. J. Roby Gram. Lat. Lang. ii. xviii. 189 The indicative mood contains no special inflexions to distinguish it. 1874 H. Sweet Hist. Eng. Sounds 160 Old English is the period of full inflections..Middle English of levelled inflections..and Modern English of lost inflections. 1876 C. P. Mason Eng. Gram. (ed. 21) 29 This power of treating an inflected form or a complex phrase as though it were a single declinable word, and adding inflections to it, is very remarkable in English. 5. Modulation of the voice; in speaking or singing: a change in the pitch or tone of the voice. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > quality of voice > [noun] > tone of voice > change of tone inflectiona1600 society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > [noun] > modulation of voice tuning1597 inflectiona1600 port of the voice1728 a1600 R. Hooker in Wks. (1845) I. 508 The motion of his body and the inflection of his voice. 1783 H. Blair Lect. Rhetoric I. vi. 108 With regard to inflexions of voice, these are so natural, that, to some nations, it has appeared easier to express different ideas, by varying the tone with which they pronounced the same word, than to contrive words for all their ideas. 1795 W. Mason Ess. Eng. Church Music i. 59 It does neither so easily and generally admit, nor so variously introduce those accentual inflexions which they love to employ. 1839 W. Irving Mountjoy in Knickerbocker Dec. 524 Such melodious sounds and exquisite inflexions could only be produced by organs of the most delicate flexibility. 1880 G. Grove Dict. Music II. 765/2 A series of Inflections usually described by modern writers as the ‘Gregorian Tones’. 1883 F. M. Peard Contradictions I. 10 There was an inflection in her voice which suggested command. Derivatives inˈflectionless adj. (also inflexionless) void of inflection or modulation. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > quality of voice > [adjective] > dull blinda1398 flat1626 unmodulated1755 immodulated1765 toneless1833 inflectionless1878 timbreless1928 the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > inflection > [adjective] > inflected > not impersonalc1620 absolute1786 crude1805 aptotic1849 flexionless1860 inflectionless1878 1878 J. A. H. Murray in Encycl. Brit. VIII. 398 The language had at length reached the all but inflexionless state which it now presents. 1888 L. Spender Kept Secret III. xiii. 225 His voice was subdued and inflectionless. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.1531
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