industrialadj.n.
/ɪnˈdʌstrɪəl/, U.S. /ᵻnˈdəstriəl/ A. adj.† 1. Probably: ingenious. Cf. industrious adj. 1. Obsolete.
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c1487 J. Skelton tr. Diodorus Siculus Bibliotheca Historica v. 348 The first industrial tryall of wyne was moche playsaunt vnto the people.
2.
a. Law (now chiefly Scots Law). Grown, cultivated, or brought about through human effort, with implications for property rights (see quot. 1681). Cf. industrial accession n., industrial crop n. (a) at Compounds 2.
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1600 W. Fulbecke Direct. Study Lawe viii. f. 68v That which issueth out of land, or the profits of land are of three sortes, Naturall, Industriall, and Artificial... Industriall profits are such as doe principally require the diligence and culture of man.
1611 H. Swinburne Briefe Treat. Test. vii. §10. f. 307v Of fruits, some be Industriall, and some Naturall. By Industriall, I meane such as bee sowen in the ground by mans industrie, in hope..to be..reaped with increase ere long.
1611 H. Swinburne Briefe Treat. Test. vii. §10. f. 308v This is true in fruits naturall, but not in fruits industriall.
1681 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. i. xii. 207 By our Custom, Corns and Industrial Fruits, are esteemed as distinct Moveables, even before they be separat or ripe, and belong not to purchasers of Land or Heirs.
1705 W. Forbes Treat. Church-lands & Tithes ii. ix. 398 Industrial and costly Improvements of the Ground, by Liming, Dunging, or otherways, &c.
1774 Ld. Kames Sketches Hist. Man II. ii. iii. 400 Industrial fruits, such as corn, wine, oil, honey, and wax, were formerly produced in great plenty.
1862 Morning Post 21 Oct. 3/3 This principle has been cherished for 14 centuries as the guarantee of the industrial fruits and civil rights which progressive society has cultured under its protection.
1897 F. M. Burdick Law Sales Personal Property 22 By the British Sale of Goods Act, not only emblements, but industrial growing crops are declared to be goods.
1917 F. L. Joannini tr. Argentine Civil Code 378 Natural or industrial fruits are considered gathered as soon as they have been torn up and detached.
1993 Laws of Scotl.: Stair Memorial Encycl. XVIII. 494 Industrial growing crops do not accede and remain separate items of moveable property... Industrial growing crops are crops requiring annual seed and labour... It is thought that a crop qualifies as industrial where it is in fact re-seeded every year even if it is capable of being perennial.
b. gen. Of, relating to, or proceeding from human effort or labour. Now rare.
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1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. vi. ii. 374 So many householders or hearth-holders do severally fling down their crafts and industrial tools.
1848 J. S. Mill Princ. Polit. Econ. i. iii. §3 The industrial capacities of human beings.
1894 J. B. Clark Philos. Wealth ii. 15 Industrial labor is always the applying of a human effort to a natural agent.
1957 V. G. Childe Dawn European Civilization (ed. 6) iii. 35 Copper was already competing with stone and bone as an industrial material but without in the least replacing them.
3.
a. Of or relating to productive work, trade, or manufacture, esp. mechanical industry or large-scale manufacturing; (also) resulting from such industry.
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society > occupation and work > industry > manufacture or production > [adjective]
manufactory1704
manufacturing1722
manufactural1757
industrial1815
productional1899
1815 J. H. Tuckey Maritime Geogr. I. 339 The Flemings were in the fourteenth century much further advanced in the industrial arts, and enjoyed a much superior civil order, than any other people of the north.
1828 W. Phillips Man. Polit. Econ. v. 104 The seas, lakes, and rivers comprehended within the national territory, or adjacent to it, are among its important industrial capabilities, both for the supply of food and facility of transportation and exchange of products.
1841 F. Vesey Decl. Eng. Lang. 82 Industrial, a French word, said to mean mechanical: lately adopted by the English newspapers.
1855 Industry of Nations II. (S.P.C.K.) i. 28 A substance more remarkably distinguished for its peculiar physical properties than its industrial value, was the iron sponge of a French exhibitor, M. Chenot.
1897 L. M. Salmon Domest. Service xiii. 228 It substitutes for the responsibility to an individual employer, so irritating to many and so contrary to the industrial spirit of the age, the responsibility to a business firm.
1940 Nature 21 Dec. 796/1 Even under modern conditions cheese-making is not by any means a fully controlled industrial process.
1967 Canad. Med. Assoc. Jrnl. 9 Sept. 590/2 Asbestos is an industrial pollutant which is receiving a great deal of notice at the present time.
2008 Atlantic Monthly Nov. 38/3 Spirits rarely have anything like a wine's terroir—the industrial process of distillation tends to strip out nuance.
2013 Field Apr. 115/1 It is impossible to stop the British from fiddling with Land Rovers; it is a throwback to our proud, man-in-a-shed industrial heritage.
b. Designating any of various non-manufacturing processes, esp. ones relating to plant or animal resources, carried out on a large, commercial scale.Cf. industrial fishing n. at Compounds 2.
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1859 Jrnl. Agric. July 18 Now that the exportation of fruit to England is carried on to such a great extent, this department of industrial agriculture has become very important.
1911 Observer 8 Jan. 3/1 (heading) Agriculture on a large scale. Industrial farming.
1975 Irish Times 5 Mar. 8/5 He goes on to describe the rapid development of industrial brewing since the nineteenth century.
1989 New Scientist 16 Sept. 42/2 Any plan that seriously seeks to conserve biological diversity must exclude industrial logging from primary rainforests.
2010 J. A. Estes in I. Billick & M. V. Price Ecol. of Place viii. 167 The abundance of large whales had been significantly reduced by industrial whaling.
4. Of a country, etc.: characterized by highly developed industries.
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society > occupation and work > industry > [adjective] > characterized by developed industries
industrial1831
1831 tr. Doctrine de Saint-Simon in Q. Rev. July 443 In an industrial society thus conceived, a chief is seen every where, every where inferiors, patrons and clients, masters and apprentices.
1879 J. Lubbock Addresses, Polit. & Educ. iv. 87 Nothing less will suffice here if we are to maintain our position in the van of industrial nations.
1911 C. G. Robertson Eng. under Hanoverians ii. iv. 346 Napoleon..failed to see that he fought not with a nation of shopkeepers—a commercial State—but with a nation of capitalists and artisans—an industrial State.
1953 J. D. Bernal Sci. & Industry in 19th Cent. vi. 171 Only the industrial countries of Europe and the newly industrialized parts of America contributed to modern science.
2006 Time Out N.Y. 12 Oct. 50/4 LIC [= Long Island City]'s very industrial, but all the property around there is being developed.
5. Of a person or group of people: engaged in or connected with industry, esp. large-scale manufacturing.
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1833 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Aug. 179/2 The only practicable mode of effecting this object is..to lay on a heavy tax on its proprietors, to the relief of its industrial classes.
1860 J. L. Motley Hist. United Netherlands I. viii. 489 Such of the industrial classes as could leave the place had wandered away to Holland and England.
1890 W. Booth In Darkest Eng. 35 The regimentation of industrial workers who have not got regular work is not so very difficult.
1917 Times Lit. Suppl. 29 Mar. 155/1 On behalf of the American Magazine she undertook a wide investigation of the condition of industrial employees.
1969 Times 10 Feb. 6/5 The highlight of the lunch will be a speech..on the vital relationship between the industrial leader and his executive secretary.
2005 P. Adams Bowery Boys iv. 69 The Workies awakened a class consciousness in the industrial laborer faced with decreasing wages.
6. Of a quality or type suitable for use in industry (e.g. low-grade, strong, cheaply-produced, etc.).See also industrial alcohol n., industrial diamond n., industrial mineral n. at Compounds 2.
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society > occupation and work > industry > [adjective] > suitable for use in industry
industrial1904
industrial-grade1942
1904 G. F. Goodchild & C. F. Tweney Technol. & Sci. Dict. 310/1 Industrial soaps, a term used to describe that class of soap used for special purposes, such as ox gall soap, which is useful for scouring woollen goods and cleaning carpets, soap for silk dyers, fulling soap, etc.
1906 Act 6 Edward VII c. 20 §4 The expression ‘industrial methylated spirits’ means any methylated spirits (other than mineralized methylated spirits) which are intended for use in any art or manufacture within the United Kingdom.
1961 ‘E. Lathen’ Banking on Death ii. 14 They started out with textiles, than [sic] branched out into industrial cloth..things like felt linings for paper machines, and musical instruments.
1969 Encycl. Polymer Sci. & Technol. XI. 404 Guar seeds have been the source of large quantities of industrial gum.
2001 M. Blake 24 Karat Schmooze xxi. 238 Some of the casings were stencilled—easily removable with industrial solvent—others had UV markings.
7.
a. Designating any of various forms of music influenced by or evocative of the sound of machinery used in large-scale manufacturing; esp. designating music in which powered tools and equipment are used as instruments.
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society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > [noun] > other general types
country music1585
water musicc1660
concert music1776
eye music1812
ballet music1813
night music1832
absolute music1856
Tafelmusik1880
Ars Antiqua1886
Ars Nova1886
early music1886
tone poetry1890
mood music1922
Gebrauchsmusik1930
shake music1935
modernistic1938
industrial1942
spasm music1943
musica reservata1944
protest music1949
night music1950
palm court music1958
title music1960
bottleneck guitar1961
rinky-tink1962
Schrammel-musik1967
sweet music1967
chutney1968
roots music1969
electronica1980
multiphonics1983
chutney soca1987
chiptune1992
1942 Musical Q. 425 The Second Symphony [of Shostakovich] marks the high tide of ‘industrial music’.
1972 N.Y. Times 4 Apr. 46/3 1937... A Grofé composition, ‘Symphony in Steel’, written in what he referred to as his ‘industrial music’ genre, called on such instruments as four pairs of shoes, two brooms, a locomotive bell, a pneumatic drill and a compressed-air tank.
1985 Wall St. Jrnl. (Electronic ed.) 3 Oct. Industrial music isn't as simple as banging cookware on a car roof. Every jackhammer solo, every blast of a blowtorch, is carefully planned and not at all random.
2000 L. E. Fay Shostakovich v. 85 The composer had recycled music from his ‘industrial’ ballet The Bolt.
b. spec. Designating or associated with a form of experimental, uncompromising rock music which incorporates sounds resembling those produced by machinery used in large-scale manufacturing.
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society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > pop music > [adjective] > qualities of pop
metal?1518
anthemic1890
Afro-Latin-American1900
sun-kissed1907
heavy1937
Latin American1937
Memphis1938
sun-drenched1943
indie1945
rockish1955
hardcore1957
doo-wop1958
middle of the road1959
Latin1962
straight-ahead1964
easy listening1965
Motown1965
funky1967
post-rock1967
rocky1967
rock-out1968
funkadelic1969
funked out1970
grungy1971
punk1971
grunge1972
Philly1972
dub1973
drum and bass1975
disco funky1976
punkish1976
reggaefied1976
Britpop1977
post-punk1977
anarcho-punk1979
rap1980
trash rock1980
crunchy1981
industrial1981
New Romantic1981
rockist1981
garage1982
hip-hop1982
thrashy1982
urban1982
Gothic1983
hip-hopping1983
beat-box1984
lo-fi1986
technoid1986
hip-house1987
acid house1988
new jack1988
old school1988
techno1988
baggy1990
banging1990
gangsta1990
filthy1991
handbaggy1991
nu skool1991
sampladelic1991
junglist1993
1981 Los Angeles Times 25 May Throbbing Gristle originated the ‘industrial music’ concept that's influenced many of the artier ‘modern’ bands.
1992 N.Y. Times 16 Aug. v. 28/3 The club also features..industrial acts, bands that manage to weld grinding, machinelike noises into a dance beat at factory-level decibels.
2002 M. Fish Industrial Evol. 57 He was the guitarist in an aspiring industrial band that I didn't even think to be much cop at the time.
2014 New Yorker 24 Mar. 69/1 One could admire this music—the rigor, the noise, the industrial badassness of it—but after a while it began to seem absurd.
8. Frequently humorous. Of an amount, extent, etc.: large, huge; far greater than would ordinarily be needed by an individual.Cf. industrial-scale adj., industrial-size adj., industrial-strength adj. at Compounds 2.
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1960 Guardian 26 Jan. 7/4 The thing [sc. a clarinet] seemed to require industrial amounts of air in order to produce the most elegiac lowing sounds.
1981 Washington Post 10 May a1/4 The casualties do not approach what a Salvadoran colonel once called ‘industrial quantities’.
1998 Cycling Today July 74/1 Carbo-loading prior to the day is essential. Leheup and Sheldon eat industrial quantities the day before.
2006 C. Anderson Long Tail ii. 34 Playlist sharing is word of mouth taken to an industrial scale.
2014 Daily Mail (Nexis) 21 Jan. Sometimes the pain was so excruciating, I couldn't leave my flat for days, having to send friends out to buy industrial amounts of ibuprofen.
B. n.
1.
a. An employee of an industrial enterprise, esp. a manual worker.
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society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > [noun] > industrial worker
operative1809
industrial1831
industrialist1839
1831 tr. H. de Saint-Simon in Q. Rev. July 442 An idea may easily be formed of the Social Institution of the future, which for the interest of..the peaceful labourers, the industrials [Fr. industriels], will direct all industry whatsoever.
1894 Lancaster (Pa.) Morning News 16 May A band of Western ‘Industrials’ received..an offer of £1.40 per day and per man to work on a railroad contract.
1959 New Statesman 17 Jan. 67/1 The senior scientist had an interesting Victorian way of describing his crew: 'About 100 staff, and 450 industrials', he explained carefully.
1986 Using Private Enterprise in Govt. (H. M. Treasury) 23 Evidence submitted by..the joint co-ordinating committee for government industrials.
b. An industrialist, a manufacturer; a leader of industry.
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society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to status > [noun] > industrial magnate
captain of industry1843
industrial1887
1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 20 Jan. 12/1 A place in which the home-keeping industrial could find out all he wants to know about colonial industry.
1929 J. Buchan Courts of Morning iii. ii. 324 Some more grizzled haciendadors..or rich industrials.
1992 Business Mag. Summer 5/2 I..encountered the figure of Yasunari Hirata, a high-tech industrial who had built his father's conveyor-belt company into a leading producer of industrial robots.
2. Stock Market.
a. A joint-stock industrial enterprise.
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society > occupation and work > business affairs > a business or company > [noun] > joint stock
contributionship1701
joint-stock company1784
stock-company1827
industrial1843
S.A.1921
1843 Dial July 85 The poetry in life, the soul of things, the spirit in the soul, the warmth in the light,—in what human association shall we find this the primal element? In the religious associations of the old world, or the new; in the convent, the monastery; the Shakers, the New England fraternities, the joint-stock industrials?
1909 Westm. Gaz. 3 June 13/4 A large falling off is shown in the earnings of that well-known industrial, Wm. Cory and Son.
1974 Sci. Amer. Sept. 75/2 Last year, over 1,300 companies in hundreds of industries (including 33 of the 50 largest industrials) came to MCAUTO.
2009 Wall St. Jrnl. 7 Dec. c8/1 What do you call a successful company with a bunch of unrelated businesses? A diversified industrial. What do you call its under-performing competitor? A conglomerate.
b. In plural. Also with capital initial. Shares in a joint-stock industrial enterprise.
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society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > stocks, shares, or bonds > [noun] > share > shares in specific country or industry
railway share1822
railroad shares1828
railway stock1836
railroads1848
Canada1868
coalers1878
Mets1886
industrial1887
golds1888
Kaffir1889
electrics1892
rails1893
Westralians1894
kangaroo1896
coppers1899
the junglea1901
electricals1901
Rhodesians1901
diamonds1905
Siberians1906
steels1912
utility1930
properties1964
engineer1976
mining1983
1887 Irish Times 12 Nov. 3/3 A very fair amount of business was transacted this afternoon, and Rails and Industrials were active markets.
1894 Daily News 21 Sept. 3/6 There was no general tone to the market, which—excluding Industrials—appears for the present to have reached a state of equilibrium.
1909 H. G. Wells Tono-Bungay 253 It was a period of expansion and confidence; much money was seeking investment and ‘Industrials’ were the fashion.
1949 Kiplinger Mag. Apr. 28/2 Jeers came from Wall Street because the industrials had already fallen 80 points.
2003 Finance Week 4 Aug. 23/1 Industrials are beginning to outperform financials.
3. A genre of harsh, uncompromising rock music characterized by the incorporation of sounds resembling those produced by machinery used in large-scale manufacturing. Cf. sense A. 7b.
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society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > pop music > [noun] > other pop music
a cappella1905
soundclash1925
marabi1933
doo-wop1958
filk1959
folk-rock1963
Liverpool sound1963
Mersey beat1963
Mersey sound1963
surf music1963
malombo1964
mbaqanga1964
easy listening1965
disco music1966
Motown1966
boogaloo1967
power pop1967
psychedelia1967
yé-yé1967
agitpop1968
bubblegum1968
Tamla Motown1968
Tex-Mex1968
downtempo1969
taarab1969
thrash1969
world music1969
funk1970
MOR1970
tropicalism1970
Afrobeat1971
electro-pop1971
post-rock1971
techno-pop1971
Tropicalia1971
tropicalismo1971
disco1972
Krautrock1972
schlager1973
Afropop1974
punk funk1974
disco funk1975
Europop1976
mgqashiyo1976
P-funk1976
funkadelia1977
karaoke music1977
alternative music1978
hardcore1978
psychobilly1978
punkabilly1978
R&B1978
cowpunk1979
dangdut1979
hip-hop1979
Northern Soul1979
rap1979
rapping1979
jit1980
trance1980
benga1981
New Romanticism1981
post-punk1981
rap music1981
scratch1982
scratch-music1982
synth-pop1982
electro1983
garage1983
Latin1983
Philly1983
New Age1984
New Age music1985
ambient1986
Britpop1986
gangster rap1986
house1986
house music1986
mbalax1986
rai1986
trot1986
zouk1986
bhangra1987
garage1987
hip-house1987
new school1987
old school1987
thrashcore1987
acid1988
acid house1988
acid jazz1988
ambience1988
Cantopop1988
dance1988
deep house1988
industrial1988
swingbeat1988
techno1988
dream pop1989
gangsta rap1989
multiculti1989
new jack swing1989
noise-pop1989
rave1989
Tejano1989
breakbeat1990
chill-out music1990
indie1990
new jack1990
new jill swing1990
noisecore1990
baggy1991
drum and bass1991
gangsta1991
handbag house1991
hip-pop1991
loungecore1991
psychedelic trance1991
shoegazing1991
slowcore1991
techno-house1991
gabba1992
jungle1992
sadcore1992
UK garage1992
darkcore1993
dark side1993
electronica1993
G-funk1993
sampladelia1994
trip hop1994
break1996
psy-trance1996
nu skool1997
folktronica1999
dubstep2002
Bongo Flava2003
grime2003
Bongo2004
singeli2015
1988 Washington Post 18 Oct. (Style section) d2/3 It was disappointing to hear Psychic TV relying most on industrial's least inventive mode—noisy, accessible disco—Sunday night at the 9:30 club.
1992 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 23 Apr. G2 The roots of industrial lie in the experimental noise of bands like Throbbing Gristle and Cabaret Voltaire.
1995 Independent 3 Oct. (Suppl.) 20/3 Don't be too perturbed if you don't know anything about house music, there's a wide choice: garage, handbag, techno, ambient or industrial to name but a few.
2002 Time Out N.Y. 9 May 83/2 Damaged is what your brain will be after listening to DJ Dandy Sex's neuron-numbing mix of punk, glam, new wave, Goth and industrial.
Compounds
C1. Forming adjectives.
a. Complementary, as industrial-looking, industrial-sounding, etc., adjs.
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1854 Metropolitan Dec. 660 One or two pleasant, industrial-looking villages were rapidly passed, and by supper-time we were snugly ensconced in the Hotel of Strabane.
1909 Archit. Rec. June 399/1 The laundry, for instance, is a plain industrial-looking brick structure.
1950 Life 16 Oct. 86/2 Big high schools..are now going in for the sensible, industrial-looking, factory type of building.
1973 Illustr. London News Aug. 39/1 The Ironbridge region, which includes such industrial-sounding places as Coalport and Buildwas, is full of wharves, mines, canals and kilns.
2013 J. Glenton Soldier Box ii. 9 The base itself was spartan, industrial-smelling and every building and fixture seemed worn.
b.
industrial-style adj.
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1967 Civilisations 17 225 Emphasis therefore shifts from creating an alien industrial-style infrastructure to building on existing cultural and social foundations.
1989 A. Aird 1990 Good Pub Guide 959/1 Pleasant noisy brew-pub with blonde furniture and hi-tech industrial-style décor.
2006 A. Steffen et al. Worldchanging (2008) 304/2 This new approach is a ‘post-industrial’ power-generation methodology: fewer industrial-style power stations,..lots of new technology like microturbines, combined solar-and-wind energy.
industrial-type adj.
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1925 Motor Boating Sept. 70/2 These industrial type engines are also interesting to boat owners, since they are particularly suitable for heavy boat work.
1974 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 80 233 The sorting rooms of the parcel post depots of the United States post offices are industrial-type establishments.
2013 D. Schrider Storey's Guide to raising Turkeys (rev. ed.) vi. 91 It takes 16 to 18 weeks to ready industrial-type, broad-breasted turkeys for processing.
C2. † industrial accession n. Law (esp. Scots Law) Obsolete additional value given to property by labour expended upon it (see accession n. 4).
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1769 S. Hallifax Heads Course Lect. Rom. Civil Law ii. ii. 28 Industrial Accessions are, i. Specification, or producing a new form from another's materials [etc.].
1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. 7 Artificial accession, again, is that which is the result of human industry, otherwise called industrial accession; e.g. trees planted, or a house built on the property of another, which belong to the proprietor of the ground, and not to the planter or builder.
1861 G. Ross W. Bell's Dict. Law Scotl. (rev. ed.) Contexture is a mode of industrial accession..where things belonging to one are wrought into another's cloth, and are carried therewith as accessary.
industrial accident n. an accident occurring in the course of a person's employment, esp. in a factory.
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society > occupation and work > industry > [noun] > industrial accident or injury
industrial accident1821
industrial injury1855
1821 F. W. Coburn M. G. Parker, M.D. 89 A mill town where industrial accidents were, and are, very numerous.
1910 Encycl. Brit. IX. 361/1 By a law of..1910, Sweden adopted the principle of the personal liability of the employer for industrial accidents.
2002 L. Barnes Big Dig (2003) xxiv. 197 When a crime isn't handled as a crime, it's harder to crack, and this one had been labeled an industrial accident from the get-go.
industrial action n. concerted action aimed at reducing work or productivity (such as a strike, a go-slow, or working to rule), taken by workers in a given industry as a form of protest over pay or conditions.
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society > occupation and work > working > labour relations > [noun] > protest
industrial action1914
1914 Sewanee Rev. 22 405 The league aims at teaching..the general strike, sabotage, and boycott, the organization of the unorganized, and industrial action generally.
1972 Guardian 15 June 26/1 I fear..that if you imprison individual dockers we are going to get full scale industrial action.
2011 Daily Tel. 30 Nov. 1/2 Workers ranging from lollipop ladies to nuclear physicists are expected to join the industrial action over pensions today.
industrial age n. an era marked by widespread industrialization; spec. (with the) the period in the history of the developed world from the start of the Industrial Revolution, in the late 18th cent., to the information age, in the late 20th cent.; cf. information age n. at information n. Compounds 2.
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1843 T. Carlyle Past & Present iv. i. 333 We will now quit this of the hard, organic, but limited Feudal Ages; and glance timidly into the immense Industrial Ages, as yet all inorganic.
1915 P. Geddes Cities in Evol. iv. 63 We may distinguish the earlier and ruder elements of the Industrial Age as Paleotechnic, the newer and still often incipient elements disengaging themselves from these as Neotechnic.
1944 Fortune Mar. 147/1 A brilliant inventor and one of the shrewdest and most resourceful of the risk takers who ushered in the industrial age early in the nineteenth century.
2008 Independent 2 Sept. (Extra section) 5/3 Crowdsourcing is the antithesis of Fordism, the assembly-line mentality that dominated the industrial age.
industrial alcohol n. ethanol which has been produced for use as a fuel and in other practical applications, typically also having been made unfit for drinking by the addition of other substances; esp. = methylated spirits n. at methylated adj. 1.
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the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > alcohols > [noun] > alcohol compounds or mixtures > methylated spirit
methylated spirits1855
finish1875
industrial alcohol1880
methylated1912
meth1933
metho1933
meths1935
1880 Sci. Amer. 17 July 36/3 As a rule, industrial alcohol also contains copper.
1960 Kew Bull. 14 86 The material is cut into half inch cubes and placed in 95 per cent industrial alcohol (methylated spirit) for about 24 hours.
2007 Daily Mirror 19 Mar. 8/5 Drinks giant Diageo recently seized fake bottles of..whiskey which contained 2,000 times the recommended level of lethal industrial alcohol.
industrial archaeologist n. a specialist or expert in the field of industrial archaeology.
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1954 M. Rix in Country Life 28 Oct. 1501/1 This canal..has a special interest for industrial archæologists.
2013 Times (Nexis) 6 July 6 Industrial archaeologists, too, mine the beaches for old colliery tools and other spill from Victorian pits and landfill sites.
industrial archaeology n. the study of the equipment and workings of industry from earlier times.
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society > occupation and work > study of work > [noun] > study of former machines, buildings, etc.
industrial archaeology1881
1881 Field & Stream 26 May 326/1 An illustrated review of popular and industrial archaeology and of art appears on our table for the first time.
1951 Hist. Today July 59/2 The most fascinating subject of all is what might be called the industrial archaeology of the area.
2004 T. Wheeler Falklands & S. Georgia 120/1 Aficionados of industrial archaeology will find its derelict power station, boilers, rail track, water tanks, jetty and Nissen huts surrealistically intriguing.
industrial art n. design, esp. of a type considered aesthetically pleasing, applied to industrial products; (collectively) the industrial products so designed; cf. industrial design n.
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society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > [noun] > commercial or industrial art
industrial art1838
industrial design1840
commercial art1922
1838 Rep. Comm. Soc. Arts in Edinb. New Philos. Jrnl. 25 28 A demand for works of a superior class in every department of industrial art.
1851 Illustr. London News 21 June 605/3 Premiums for works of industrial art were offered.
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXV. 687/1 The awakening of interest in industrial art—sharply separated by pedantic classification from fine art—which began about the middle of the 19th century.
1949 Archit. Rev. 105 113/2 The pyramidal museum of the plastic arts is stratified from industrial art at the base, to a scattering of rare masterworks at the summit.
2009 Yale Law Jrnl. 119 446 Expanded copyright protection for industrial art elicits pressures in the general product market to contract copyright protection, which then elicits pressures to expand legal protections for industrial art.
industrial artist n. a person trained or engaged in the production of industrial art.
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1839 Leigh's New Picture London (ed. 9) vi. 211 The School of Design, instituted by government in 1837 for the education of industrial artists.
1930 Times 7 May 11/4 Industrial Artists. An Association is to be formed of artists engaged in industry.
2008 D. Kelly Ornament Bk. 307 I want a trained industrial artist. You are just a girl. Where did you train?
industrial arts n. skilled activities or occupations predominantly involving manual work rather than mental ability; cf. art n.1 4b and mechanical arts n. at mechanical adj. and n. Compounds 2.
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1815Industrial arts [see sense A. 3a].
1892 A. S. White Devel. Afr. (ed. 2) 101 As agriculturists and herdsmen, and in the industrial arts, the Galla..and the Somál..are the most advanced.
1993 Harper's Mag. Apr. 76/1 In my rich suburban high school..you could elect Industrial Arts, which was an overview: a month of Woods, a month of Metals, a month of Technical Drawing.
industrial assurance n. British a form of life assurance for industrial workers, mainly to cover funeral costs, with premiums payable in small regular instalments.In quot. 1850 probably punning on other senses of assurance.
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society > trade and finance > financial dealings > insurance > [noun] > other types of insurance
reassurance1702
reinsurance1705
fire insurance1721
marine insurance1787
credit insurance1818
self-insurance1829
guarantee fund1848
industrial assurance1850
industrial insurance1853
fidelity guarantee1880
title insurance1882
open cover1884
rain check1884
co-insurance1889
franchise1895
health insurance1901
casualty insurance1902
travel insurance1912
fidelity insurance1930
medigap1966
fidelity bond1970
1850 Bury & Norwich Post 22 May Mr. Edmund Clench..has already announced..the ‘Industrial Mutual Assurance and Friendly Sick Association’. We know where the ‘industrial assurance’ is, and we may anticipate that it will not be long ere we find the ‘friendly sick’.
1851 A. Scratchley Observ. Life Assurance Societies i. 21 The third improvement in life assurance is the Deposit system, by which, to a certain extent, an objection to Industrial assurance may be removed.
1935 Economist 2 Mar. 497/2 Following the terrible disaster at the Gresford Colliery, a sum of £10,000 was paid to some 200 families under industrial assurance policies.
2002 Irish Times (Nexis) 26 Feb. 14 The High Court has sanctioned the transfer of Irish Life Assurance's industrial assurance business to Royal Liver Assurance.
industrial average n. Stock Market short for Dow Jones Industrial Average, an index of security prices based on 30 companies on the New York Stock Exchange; cf. Dow Jones n.
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1918 Washington Post 2 Feb. 5/5 The industrial average as kept by Dow Jones & Co., made a decline of 6.91 points.
1977 Times 16 July 20/5 The industrial average rose about 2½ points in early trading but had pulled back to a small loss in mid-session.
2003 D. Sornette Why Stock Markets Crash ii. 27 The editors of the Wall Street Journal select the components of the industrial average by taking a broad view of what ‘industrial’ means.
industrial chic adj. and n. (a) adj. of, characteristic of, or employing design which uses industrial themes and elements in non-industrial objects and settings to create an effect which is considered stylish; (b) n. this style of design.
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1976 N.Y. Mag. 13 Dec. 106/1 They sell industrial-chic restaurant china, medical beakers, and janitors' supplies..for the home.
1977 Brownsville (Texas) Herald 4 Dec. 10 b/3 Give it a fresh burlap and cord wrap if you want industrial chic.
2002 D. Aitkenhead Promised Land iv. 42 The club was huge, designed, like the Hacienda, along industrial-chic lines.
2012 Guardian 28 July (Weekend Suppl.) 63/1 It's a dull, soulless room..with a nod to industrial chic in the piping and vents on the ceiling.
Industrial Court n. a court for the settlement of industrial disputes.
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society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > courts with other specific jurisdictions
marshalseaa1400
oyer and terminer1469
High Commission1581
jail-delivery1612
Court of (the) Verge1647
palace court1685
Court of Claims1691
Industrial Court1852
brewster sessions1883
traffic court1896
family court1917
1852 Star of Freedom 12 June 1/4 A petition to Parliament, to promote the establishment of ‘Local Boards of Trade’ or ‘Industrial Courts of Reconciliation’.
1919 Act 9 & 10 Geo. V c. 69 §14 This Act may be cited as the Industrial Courts Act, 1919.
1973 Listener 15 Nov. 660/1 The leaders of the AUEW see their own refusal to recognise the Industrial Court as part of the historic struggle of trade-unionists for the rights of the working man.
2002 J. Cleary Easy Sin (2003) i. 5 ‘What's redundancy pay?’ In Zamboanga she had never heard these esoteric terms. ‘It's something capitalist bosses have to pay. Go now and tell him what you want or you will go to the Industrial Court.’
industrial crop n. (a) Law (now Scots Law) a crop grown or cultivated through human effort (as opposed to one that grows entirely naturally), with implications for property rights; (b) a crop that is processed industrially; spec. one not intended for the food industry.
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the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [noun] > other crops
fleece1513
white crop1743
green crop1744
root crop1772
row crop1776
robber1777
mix-grass1778
breaking-crop1808
industrial crop1818
foliage crop1831
kharifa1836
scourge-crop1842
overcrop1858
by-crop1880
coppice-with-standards1882
sewage grass1888
trap-crop1899
cleaning crop1900
nurse crop1907
cover crop1909
smother crop1920
stoop crop1928
snatch crop1937
break crop1967
wholecrop1968
1818 Farmer's Mag. Aug. 288 Hay is as much an industrial crop as any crop that can be reared.
1870 J. Howard Continental Farming & Peasantry 14 We see what a mighty agent the introduction of sugar beet as an industrial crop has proved for the regeneration of agriculture in the north of France.
1917 New Internat. Encycl. (ed. 2) X. 417/1 Generally the industrial crop is subject to attachment or levy and sale as personal property, and upon the death of the owner of the land they pass to his personal representative and not with the land to his heir.
1948 Economist 24 July 150/1 It is probable that, as soon as the immediate food shortage is over..there will be a renewed emphasis upon industrial crops.
2010 H. Ceballos et al. in J. E. Bradshaw Root & Tuber Crops ii. 58 Cassava has become a major industrial crop in several countries of Asia..and plays a key role in food security for sub-Saharan Africa.
industrial democracy n. participation by employees in the management of a company; (also) a company whose employees are involved in its management.
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society > occupation and work > business affairs > [noun] > management of work or company
management1867
industrial democracy1886
1886 Christian Union 4 Mar. 9/1 By co-operation I do not mean any specific form of industrial organization; I mean Industrial Democracy... Profit-sharing, then, alone is not enough; it must carry control-sharing with it.
1977 Times 22 Sept. 2/8 The need to develop industrial democracy on the shop floor through works councils.
2002 D. Goleman et al. Business: Ultimate Resource 1262/3 In an industrial democracy, workers should not only share in inputs to the running of the organisation but also in its outputs, for example, by taking part in a profit-sharing scheme.
industrial design n. design as applied to industrial products; cf. industrial art n.
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society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > [noun] > commercial or industrial art
industrial art1838
industrial design1840
commercial art1922
1840 Art-union Sept. 143/3 The students who enter the school..are not expected to decide as to whether they will devote themselves to the Fine Arts or to Industrial Design.
1967 L. B. Archer in G. Wills & R. Yearsley Handbk. Managem. Technol. 122 There is a range of products in which aesthetic appearance and convenience in use are very important, such as in furniture, domestic appliances, and office machinery. Design of this kind is called ‘industrial design’.
2013 Japan News (Nexis) 18 June 12 Scandinavian industrial design has seen a recent boom thanks to its modern look and abundant use of wood.
industrial designer n. a person trained or engaged in the field of industrial design.
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society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > [noun] > artist > industrial or commercial
industrial designer1840
commercial artist1922
1840 Penny Mag. 16 May 191/1 It would be necessary, in order to preserve the school for its chief object—the production of industrial designers—to make the previous study of ornament an indispensable condition of admission into the classes of the human figure.
1940 H. Van Doren Industr. Design 27 Industrial designers who take their work seriously cannot afford to play the prima donna.
2001 C. Fiell & P. Fiell Design of 20th Cent. 126 As an industrial designer, Nelson created the Prolon melamine line of dinnerware.
industrial diamond n. an inferior diamond, not of gem quality and usually small in size, of a type used in abrasives and in tools for cutting, grinding, and drilling.
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1890 North-eastern Daily Gaz. (Middlesbrough) 21 Apr. A very large ‘industrial diamond’ was recently brought from Brazil to New York... This kind of diamond is..used to tip the drills employed in boring rock.
1956 I. Fleming Diamonds are Forever ii. 22 M pushed over a packet of smaller stones, all flawed or marked or of poor colour. ‘Industrial diamonds. Not what they call “gem quality”.’
2004 Tool & Machinery Catal. 2005 (Axminster Power Tool Centre Ltd.) xvi. 35/2 An industrial diamond embedded in a round steel bar for the rapid dressing, reshaping or deglazing of all types of grind stones.
industrial disease n. a disease associated with working in a particular industry, esp. one which involves exposure to potentially dangerous substances or processes.Some diseases of this type are recognized in law as carrying the right to compensation.
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the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > environmental disorders > [noun] > occupational
industrial disease1854
occupation disease1900
occupational disease1901
1854 Assoc. Med. Jrnl. 20 Oct. 951/2 The following Note, which occurs in my forthcoming ‘Report on the Copper-Smoke, its Influence upon the Public Health, and on the Industrial Diseases of Copper-Men’.
1974 Guardian 20 Mar. 1/8 A working class Yorkshire family, whose father contracts cancer through an industrial disease.
2006 A. E. Kersten Labor's Home Front vi. 183 Harvester's new welfare manager..made an intensive investigation of industrial disease and accidents and devised a benefits-plan proposal.
industrial dispute n. a dispute over industry; spec. one between management and workforce over wages, working conditions, etc.
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society > occupation and work > working > labour relations > [noun] > dispute
trade dispute1776
industrial dispute1844
jack-up1945
1844 Daily National Intelligencer (Washington) 16 Oct. The serious negotiation..settles the Belgian tariff and industrial disputes with Prussia.
1907 Times 1 Feb. 4/5 The Minister of Labour [in Canada] has brought in an Industrial Disputes Investigation Act, which provides for the constitution of conciliation boards.
1973 Times 13 Dec. 18/8 Men for whom wage claims and industrial disputes are tools to be used in..the destruction of the existing political order.
2003 M. Belson On the Press i. 42 Whenever there was an industrial dispute and a strike looked likely the management would always pre-empt the situation and not allow anyone to enter the Press.
industrial engineer n. a specialist or expert in industrial engineering.
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society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > engineer > [noun] > other types
millwright1387
field engineer1758
chemical engineer1838
mechanical engineer1840
industrial engineer1849
structural engineer1867
civil1873
sanitary engineer1873
radio engineer1910
stress analyst1916
ack emma1917
stressman1919
roboticist1940
systems engineer1940
environmental engineer1947
terotechnologist1970
knowledge engineer1981
1849 Eng. Jrnl. Educ. 3 125 A person of higher qualifications; one who has not only the practical knowledge of the foreman, but, in addition, the scientific acquirements of the industrial engineer.
1928 Times 30 Aug. 12/5 Industrial engineers from different districts have been dispatched to Kieff and temporarily placed at the disposal of the military authorities.
2010 K. Wiles Engin., Mech., & Archit. x. 93 It is up to you as an industrial engineer to create manufacturing systems and management methods that will satisfy everyone's needs.
industrial engineering n. the branch of engineering concerned with the design, construction, and maintenance of factories, apparatus, etc., used by industry; (also) the systematic analysis of management, production processes, etc., with a view to optimizing efficiency and other aspects of the operations of an organization (originally esp. in manufacturing).
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society > occupation and work > industry > engineering > [noun] > branches of
waterwork?a1560
civil engineeringc1770
water engineering1787
millwrighting1821
engineering science1826
hydraulic engineering1835
river engineering1842
structural engineering1859
industrial engineering1860
chemical engineering1861
sanitary engineering1868
biological engineering1898
control engineering1914
radio engineering1915
environmental engineering1946
systems engineering1946
bioengineering1950
value engineering1959
biomedical engineering1961
geoengineering1962
macro-engineering1964
microengineering1964
terotechnology1970
hydroengineering1971
civil1975
mechatronics1976
knowledge engineering1977
1860 Ann. Indian Admin. 4 415 The Industrial Engineering School at Poona was nearly self-supporting.
1911 C. B. Going Princ. Industr. Engin. i. 1 Industrial engineering is the formulated science of management. It directs the efficient conduct of manufacturing, construction, transportation, or even commercial enterprises.
1954 Times 18 Mar. 13/5 Its combination of power, small dimensions, and light weight means that it can be profitably applied..to general purposes in the fields of marine and industrial engineering.
2013 T. R. Krause & J. Hidley in B. J. Youngberg Patient Safety Handbk. (ed. 2) iii. 35/2 Methods from industrial engineering can be adapted to health care to improve both quality of care and employee safety.
industrial espionage n. spying directed towards discovering the secrets of a rival industrial company, manufacturer, etc.
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the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > secret observation, spying > [noun] > industrial spying
industrial espionage1892
corporate espionage1904
corporate spying1959
1892 Evening News & Post 5 Sept. The capture of Parliament, the multiplication of legislation, and the extension of the system of industrial espionage..are the three leading ideas put forward in the Trades Congress programme.
1962 L. Deighton Ipcress File viii. 52 His reports concern industrial espionage.
2006 Independent 14 Sept. 3/3 The practice is relatively commonplace on Wall Street, where industrial espionage is treated as an everyday corporate hazard.
industrial estate n. British an area of land developed as a site for factories and other industrial businesses; cf. industrial park n.
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society > occupation and work > workplace > factory > [noun] > area devoted to factories or industry
trading estate1920
industrial park1949
industrial estate1953
1953 P. C. Berg Dict. New Words 96/2 Industrial estate, a trading estate.
1972 M. Jones Life on Dole ix. 68 The Council declared this property to be an industrial estate.
2001 N. Griffiths Sheepshagger 59 The Glan-yr-Afon industrial estate spreads out below them on the valley floor, dark buildings and cooling towers and a river silver and wormlike.
industrial fatigue n. fatigue attributed to the performance of industrial work.
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1910 Westm. Rev. June 639 The occupational disease, industrial fatigue, and tuberculosis, still ravage the earth, and eat into the vitals of society.
1914 Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 176 What increase..has occurred in general morbidity in recent years, and to what extent this can be ascribed to industrial fatigue.
2003 Scand. Jrnl. of Work, Environment & Health 29 27/2 Many employers introduced shorter workdays to prevent a state of chronic exhaustion, known as ‘industrial fatigue’.
industrial fishing n. commercial fishing carried out on a large scale, esp. for fish to process into fish meal and oil.
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1874 N.-Y. Times 30 May 10/1 This..applies to what may be called industrial fishing as distinct from fishing as a mere pastime.
1957 Irish Times 8 Jan. 3/3 Countries bordering the North Sea had developed industrial fishing into a major source of animal food for their farms.
2009 M. Allsopp et al. State of World's Oceans ii. 33 Another fishing activity of concern is so-called industrial fishing, in which fish are taken for conversion to fishmeal or fish oil rather than for direct human consumption.
industrial forest n. a forest grown or harvested for commercial purposes and on a commercial scale, typically consisting of even-aged, regularly-spaced trees of a limited number of species; forest of this type.
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1910 B. E. Fernow Care of Trees in Lawn, Street & Park viii. 187 The rational manner of carrying an esthetic forestry is, after all, that which the German forester practises in those places where a large community has ready access to his industrial forest, and uses it incidentally as a pleasure ground.
1967 N.Y. Forester May 15/1 We asked several industrial forest owners and public land managers for advice about the problems created by recreation uses.
2017 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 13 Aug. a 9 Our forest area grew very quickly, but as an industrial forest that was meant to produce timber and paper for exports rather than be well integrated into rural communities.
industrial frequency n. the frequency of alternating current used for industrial purposes, typically as supplied through the mains.
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the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric current > alternating current > [noun] > rate of recurrence > for industrial purposes
industrial frequency1922
1922 Encycl. Brit. XXX. 951/1 The generation of single-phase power at railway frequency (16⅔ cycles) rather than 3-phase generation at the industrial frequency of 50 cycles and conversion to single-phase at railway frequency.
1958 Engineering 14 Mar. 341/1 Two [railway] systems..which are able to utilise widely spaced substations and light overhead conductors, are the Swedish system at 16⅔ cycles, and the French (and now British) system at industrial frequency (50 cycles) and 25 kV.
2012 P. Argaut in B. Multon Marine Renewable Energy Handbk. xv. 627 For these studies, we need to know the values of direct impedance at industrial frequency.
industrial-grade adj. of a type or quality suitable, intended, or necessary for industrial use; = sense A. 6; also figurative.
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society > occupation and work > industry > [adjective] > suitable for use in industry
industrial1904
industrial-grade1942
1942 Washington Post 3 Oct. 4/1 These were the liquor distilling plants capable of making 190-proof industrial grade alcohol.
1980 M. Crichton Congo 99 It called for ERTS to locate a natural source of industrial-grade diamonds in a friendly or neutralist country.
2010 Observer (Nexis) 4 Apr. (Arts section) 33 Guest vocalists dramatise how Marcos joined the international jetset trash, complete with sacrifice, amphetamines, multiple betrayals and industrial-grade hubris.
industrial home n. now historical any of various institutions providing accommodation and work or training for poor or disadvantaged people or for juvenile offenders.
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1846 Berrow's Worcester Jrnl. 11 June The Lord Bishop of Worcester has presented..5l. to the Coventry Industrial Home.
1906 Outlook 13 Jan. 74/2 There has been..a steady improvement in the humaneness of the treatment accorded the captives of society... Lunatic asylums and poorhouses, industrial homes and common jails, prisons and penitentiaries.
2011 H. Fischer-Tiné in C. A. Watt & M. Mann Civilizing Missions in Colonial & Postcolonial S. Asia iv. 147 Booth-Tucker approached the government of Bombay with a scheme for running an industrial home for European vagrants in 1910.
industrial injury n. an injury occurring in the course of one's employment, esp. in a factory.
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society > occupation and work > industry > [noun] > industrial accident or injury
industrial accident1821
industrial injury1855
the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [noun] > other injuries
mischance1587
wringing1611
moonblow1851
industrial injury1855
beat elbow1905
pole-wound1908
boo-boo1932
neurapraxia1942
neurotmesis1942
owie1967
1855 Leisure Hour 15 Feb. 103/2 Rather aiming at the arousing of attention to, than the examining the causes of, industrial injuries to health.
1933 M. Correll in U.S. Women's Bureau Bull. No. 102 (heading) Industrial injuries to women in 1928 and 1929.
1946 Industr. Welfare & Personnel Managem. 28 214 Important changes in Industrial Law have taken place recently as a result of such measures as the Industrial Injuries Act (which supersedes the Workmen's Compensation Acts).
2013 Daily Star (Nexis) 6 June 3 Hot babe Holly..spent too long on the sun lounger and got a bit burnt. In the world of glamour modelling that probably counts as an industrial injury.
industrial insurance n. (a) = industrial assurance n.; (b) insurance for industrial workers against injury or absence from work.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > insurance > [noun] > other types of insurance
reassurance1702
reinsurance1705
fire insurance1721
marine insurance1787
credit insurance1818
self-insurance1829
guarantee fund1848
industrial assurance1850
industrial insurance1853
fidelity guarantee1880
title insurance1882
open cover1884
rain check1884
co-insurance1889
franchise1895
health insurance1901
casualty insurance1902
travel insurance1912
fidelity insurance1930
medigap1966
fidelity bond1970
1853 Royal Cornwall Gaz. 21 Jan. 1/1 (advt.) Mr. Ellis, Broker, Appraiser, Fire, Life, Railway, Accidental and Industrial Insurance.
1911 Encycl. Brit. XIV. 671/2 The system of industrial insurance was introduced into the United States in 1876.
1920 Rep. Industr. Assurance Comp. (Cmd. 614) 3 There is little thought for the development of industrial insurance upon the sound economic lines by which it might become a valuable instrument.
2004 A. Khorshid Islamic Insurance 187 Under this Act, life assurance includes both industrial insurance and superannuation business conducted by life offices.
industrial language n. (a) language relating to or used in (a particular) industry; (b) British colloquial bad language; swearing.
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1874 Engin. & Mining Jrnl. 18 July 35/2 In industrial language, when we speak of the analysis of gases, we do not mean the determination of their elementary composition.
1920 Times 11 Aug. 14/3 It is, if I may use industrial language, the trade union of nations.
1969 Guardian 18 Nov. 21/7 The question of swearing he said, had been a worry... Some referees themselves used ‘industrial language’ and would tolerate some from players.
1990 Isis 81 621/2 The Historical Dictionary of American Industrial Language will frustrate some potential users. Mulligan has deliberately omitted agriculture and transportation.
2006 B. George & L. Hardy Bobby Dazzler xi. 166 They soon picked up on my traits, including the industrial language... ‘What's for dinner, Dad?’ Robert asked me when he was about four. ‘I'm fucking starving!’
industrial league n. originally and chiefly North American (a) an organized association of industrial workers; (b) a sporting league for teams formed from or sponsored by particular industrial companies.
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1847 Sci. Amer. 24 July 346/4 The workmen of Louisville, Ky. have organized an ‘Industrial League’, among other objects looking to the establishment of the ten hour system by law.
1914 Telephone Rev. Oct. 297/1 The Syracuse Industrial League..is comprised of teams from the large manufacturing houses of the city.
1976 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 4 Dec. 53/5 For over-age players not good enough for senior teams, industrial league hockey is the only option for people who want to continue playing the game.
2000 Middle East Rep. No. 215 30/2 The Ba'thist single party system absorbed all nascent civil society institutions, such as unions, professional associations, independent press, chambers of commerce and industrial leagues.
2008 Pittsburgh Tribune Rev. (Nexis) 7 Dec. Mourier played basketball in Japan in 1984 when he was ‘on loan’ to the engineering firm Chiyoda, which sponsored a basketball team in a local industrial league.
industrial mall n. chiefly North American a complex of individual industrial enterprises or small businesses, typically located in a suburban area.
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1965 Editor & Publisher 29 May 51/3 Bowes Publishers..is establishing an offset printing plant in South London's industrial mall.
1995 Faith Today Mar. 19/1 An estimated 200,000 people..have flocked..to this informal church of 350, located in a nondescript industrial mall.
2012 Winnipeg Free Press 24 Mar. i. 3/10 (advt.) Ft. Garry multi-tenant industrial mall has approx. 2200 sq. ft. of warehouse/manufacturing space available for rent.
industrial melanism n. Zoology (increasing) prevalence of dark-coloured varieties of a species of animal (esp. of moth) in polluted habitats, where they are better camouflaged against predators than are paler varieties.
ΚΠ
1928 Proc. Royal Soc. 1927–8 B. 102 346 It should be made clear that the present work is not regarded as solving the problems of industrial melanism, although it is claimed that some light has been thrown on the matter.
1977 T. I. Storer et al. Elements Zool. (ed. 4) xiii. 221/1 Another rather quick adjustment was that of ‘industrial melanism’ (or darkening) among moths in factory districts of England, Germany and other European countries.
2002 S. J. Gould Struct. Evolutionary Theory ix. 882 The copiously, and lovingly, documented efficacy of natural selection in short-term situations of human observation—from beaks of Darwin's finches to industrial melanism in Biston betularia.
industrial mineral n. a mineral having properties which make it useful in industrial processes, typically other than as a fuel or source of metal.
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1874 A. Boucard Handbk. Nat. Hist. 219 (heading) Industrial minerals... After having briefly described the most remarkable phenomena of the earth, we will notice the principal useful substances which man has found in it.
1943 Economist 27 Nov. 712/1 The vast area's resources of coal, shale oil and industrial minerals are still awaiting exploitation.
2002 R. Lunar et al. in W. Gibbons & T. Moreno Geol. Spain xix. 485/2 Chromite is used both as an industrial mineral in refractories, and as a metallic ore, it being the main source of chromium.
industrial park n. chiefly North American = industrial estate n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > workplace > factory > [noun] > area devoted to factories or industry
trading estate1920
industrial park1949
industrial estate1953
1917 Nation's Business Dec. 31/3 The district in fact, despite the roar of its furnaces and the whir of its wheels, is being made into a huge industrial park, with macadamized streets, trees and grass plots.]
1949 Washington Post 16 Jan. l. 7/3 Now the one-time hospital is an industrial park in which 1500 men work.
1963 Amer. City July 95/2 The new industrial park..offers the prospective industry a tract of graded land located on a wide, paved and landscaped boulevard.
2011 New Yorker 24 Jan. 45/1 One Friday afternoon, I drove to an industrial park on the outskirts of Boston, where a rapidly growing data-analysis company called Verisk Health occupies a floor of a non-descript office complex.
industrial proletariat n. Politics the section of the proletariat that is employed in mechanical industry or manufacturing; the industrial working class.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > [noun] > working class
working class1757
population1817
proletaire1833
proletariat1847
labour class1848
industrial proletariat1871
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > [noun] > industrial worker > collectively
industrial proletariat1871
shop floor1951
1871 Irish Times 14 Nov. 2/2 Reports on the means of securing the adhesion of the agricultural producers to the movement of the industrial proletariat.
1887 F. K. Wischnewetzky tr. F. Engels Condition Working Class Eng. i. 15 (heading) The Industrial Proletariat.
1930 G. B. Shaw John Bull's Other Island XI. 71 The growing political power of the industrial proletariat organized in trade unions.
1972 G. E. C. Wigg George Wigg i. 23 The tiny red brick houses, typical of the growth of an industrial proletariat.
2003 A. Mitzman Prometheus Revisited i. 44 For some time, the strategy used against the industrial proletariat, on whose exploitation the rate of profit depended, was simple repression: outlawing of strikes, unions, and workers' parties.
industrial property n. [after French propriété industrielle (1883 or earlier); compare intellectual property n. at intellectual adj. and n. Compounds] Law (as a mass noun) the sole commercial rights to the exploitation of a design, invention, trademark, etc., upon registration of a patent (used in English legal contexts chiefly as a borrowing from its usage in European law); also as a count noun.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal right > rights to do or use something > [noun] > industrial property rights
industrial property1884
1884 in E. Hertslet Treaties (1890) XVII. 408 The International Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, concluded at Paris on the 20th March, 1883.
1952 H. Lauterpacht Oppenheim's Internat. Law (ed. 7) II. ii. ii. 330 Enemy assets..are to be returned—with the important exception of industrial property (i.e., patents, designs, trade marks and trade names, etc.).
1979 Economist 8 Dec. 72/2 Industrial property rights cannot be invoked thereafter to prevent parallel imports, as the European court of justice has held in a string of cases beginning with Cousten/Grundig in 1966.
2008 Polish News Bull. (Nexis) 20 May Finally, all copyrights, patents and other industrial properties associated with the product are made available for free.
industrial psychologist n. a specialist or expert in the field of industrial psychology.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > psychology > social psychology > psychology in relation to industry > [noun] > specialist in
industrial psychologist1913
1913 N.Y. Times 26 Apr. 1/4 (heading) ‘Industrial psychologist’ a new profession.
1921 J. Drever Psychol. of Industry iv. 46 Even when the factors affecting industrial efficiency and success are physical, the work of the industrial psychologist may still be valuable in tracing out the physiological and psychological results of physical conditions.
1964 J. M. Argyle Psychol. & Social Probl. viii. 114 It is one of the major tasks confronting industrial psychologists today to discover ways of organizing such work that will make it an acceptable human activity.
2013 Vancouver Sun (Nexis) 30 Nov. d3 Industrial psychologists, who are hired by psychometric firms to devise these tests, are on the alert for ‘motivational distortion’.
industrial psychology n. psychology as it relates to human involvement in industry; psychology used in vocational guidance.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > psychology > social psychology > psychology in relation to industry > [noun]
industrial psychology1899
1899 Q. Jrnl. Econ. 13 154 Trade Unionism is..a natural and instinctive manifestation of industrial psychology.
1970 D. P. Schultz Psychol. & Industry i. 1 The field of industrial psychology includes a complex of activities covering all facets of the relationship between man and his work.
2000 J. B. Ciulla Working Life vi. 99 One critic called human relations and industrial psychology ‘the maintenance crew for the human machinery’.
industrial relations n. relationships between employers and employees, or management and workforce, in a particular industry (see quot. 1919).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > working > labour relations > [noun]
industrial relations1833
labour relations1858
production relations1892
1833 Morning Chron. 25 Oct. It is true, the country is now in a very healthy state in all its industrial relations.
1919 L. P. Alford in Mech. Engin. June 513/1 Industrial relations comprises that body of principle, practice, and law growing out of the interacting human rights, needs, and aspirations of all who are engaged in or dependent upon productive industry.
1973 Listener 25 Oct. 553/3 There were no shop-stewards, solicitors or industrial relations managers present.
2011 Austral. Financial Rev. (Nexis) 21 Sept. 1 The debate on industrial relations came as industry groups continued to press for broad economic reform.
industrial-scale adj. of or on a scale suitable, intended, or necessary for industrial use; (hence also) large-scale; cf. sense A. 8.
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1932 Barron's 2 May 15/1 It has also introduced various new industrial scale units and new models of time-recording equipment.
1982 Science 28 May 955/2 The limited excavation..focused on sector III, the suspected center of industrial-scale smelting.
2011 R. Conniff Species Seekers xxi. 324 They wanted to have complete material for careful revisions of entire taxonomic groups... This industrial-scale natural history made for better science.
industrial school n. [with the use in quot. 1827, compare Dutch industrieschool (1827 or earlier)] now historical a school for teaching one or more branches of industry; spec. a school established for neglected children, providing elementary lessons, meals (or meals and lodging), and instruction in some industry or trade.A school of this kind providing meals but not accommodation was more distinctively called a day industrial school.
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society > education > place of education > school > [noun] > school for the poor
hospital1552
charity-school1682
Blue Coat Hospital1700
blue coat school1706
poor school1727
national school1814
industrial school1827
ragged school1843
kitchengarten1877
barrack school1894
1827 Outl. Plan Establishment Agric. Model School 19 The extensive agricultural and industrial school near Antwerp.
1853 (title) Industrial Schools the Means for Decreasing Juvenile Crime.
1857 Act 20 & 21 Victoria c. 48 §3 The Committee of..Council on Education may, upon the Application of the Managers of any School in which Industrial Training is provided, and in which Children are fed as well as taught..grant a Certificate..and thenceforth the School shall be a Certified Industrial School.
1914 Lloyd's Weekly News 16 Aug. 15/4 (advt.) The London County Council invites applications for the position of Instructor in Shoemaking and Discipline Master on ‘Supply’ at the Highbury Industrial School.
2004 Irish Times (Nexis) 4 Oct. 15 Through personal visits to Irish prisons and industrial schools Father Flanagan discovered a juvenile care system he declared to be ‘a disgrace to the nation’.
industrial-size adj. of a size suitable, intended, or necessary for industrial use; (hence also) very or exceptionally large (frequently humorous; cf. sense A. 8).
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1914 Minutes Votes & Proc. 138th Gen. Assembly State New Jersey 1177 In Newark the Lehigh Valley Coal Sales Co. have made discriminations in prices of industrial-size coal between purchasers.
1994 Pop. Sci. Feb. 64/1 The Dodge Ram pickup also sports an industrial-size cupholder, guaranteed to keep even 24-ounce slush drinks firmly in place.
2004 P. Cornwell Blow Fly xcix. 366 Once inside her garage..she threw her scene clothes into an industrial-size stainless-steel sink.
industrial-sized adj. = industrial-size adj.
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1941 Lethbridge (Alberta) Herald 6 Sept. 6/5 For some time a heavy demand has existed for the type of coal—stoker and industrial sized coal—which will be recovered.
1996 Cosmopolitan (U.K. ed.) Sept. 168 Now there's no need to drag around that industrial-sized handbag because grown-up beauty companies have..created their own make-up minis.
2013 J. Shere Renewable ix. 102 Getting an industrial-sized steam engine running at full bore required boiling water at thousands of degrees.
industrial spy n. a person engaged in industrial espionage.
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the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > secret observation, spying > [noun] > industrial spying > person engaged in
scout1883
industrial spy1892
corporate spy1959
1892 Wrexham Advertiser, & N. Wales News 9 July 7/3 The following circular..will serve to place manufacturers on their guard, and contribute to the discomfiture of these industrial spies.
1959 K. Vonnegut Sirens of Titan (1962) iii. 73 He..had a superb system of industrial spies.
2012 Independent 25 Oct. 13/1 Dyson has accused Bosch of sending an industrial spy into its research and development centre to hoover up confidential details of its designs.
industrial starch n. starch prepared for use in industrial processes, esp. outside the food industry.
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1903 Commerc. Relations U.S. with Foreign Countries (U.S. Dept. of State) 632 The imports of coal, raw cotton, industrial starch, cocoa beans, etc...are all increasing.
1976 J. A. Radley Industr. Uses Starch vi. 230 Another grade of starch called..‘Industrial Starch’ which, although indistinguishable from ordinary starch, has a lower ash-content of a different constitution.
2015 Times (Nexis) 5 Feb. 66 Tate said that this time the difficulty had arisen in its bulk ingredients division, which sells industrial starches and corn syrup.
industrial-strength adj. (of a product) designed for, or strong enough for, industrial rather than domestic use; (hence also) exceptionally forceful, powerful, or robust (frequently humorous; cf. sense A. 8).
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1968 N.Y. Times 22 Sept. (advt.) A totally new development for household cleaning! Janitor-in-a-Drum: the first industrial-strength cleaner for your home. To clean up industry is a job for experts—people who can't pussyfoot around with dirt. They use an industrial-strength cleaner, a stronger cleaner than you use at home.
1978 Washington Post (Nexis) 4 Aug. Immediately I knew I should have used an industrial-strength deodorant.
1992 I. Banks Crow Road (1993) xiv. 329 If nothing else, it would take our minds off our hangovers, which were industrial strength.
2009 P. F. Hamilton Temporal Void 224 Exactly the kind of breakfast Oscar loved: industrial-strength coffee..and almond croissants.
industrial union n. a union of all workers within an industry, irrespective of their occupation or specialism; also called a vertical union.
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society > occupation and work > working > association of employers or employees > [noun] > trade union > of particular industry regardless of craft
industrial union1923
vertical union1933
1923 J. D. Hackett in Managem. Engin. May 344/1 Industrial union, a union of all workers within a plant or within an industry, irrespective of occupation or craft, and outside the control of the employer.
1928 Britain's Industr. Future (Liberal Industr. Inq.) iii. xiv. §3. 155 The Industrial Unions are a modern development, inspired by the idea of enabling all the workers in an industry..to present a united front against their employers.
1950 W. Theimer & P. Campbell Encycl. World Politics 425/1 Unions may be craft unions, also known as horizontal unions, or industrial unions, also known as vertical unions.
2006 Managem. Today Jan. 60/1 The largest industrial unions..are discussing merger plans to form a super-union, combining their 2.6 million members into one powerful bloc.
industrial unionism n. a form of trade unionism embracing all workers in an industry, irrespective of their occupation or specialism.
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society > occupation and work > working > association of employers or employees > [noun] > trade union > trade unionism > systems or doctrines of
industrial unionism1870
tuxedo unionism1895
syndicalism1907
anarcho-syndicalism1922
voluntarism1924
1870 W. T. Thornton On Labour (ed. 2) iv. iv. 467 When these educational appliances have come in aid of industrial unionism.., though Labour's Utopia may still be very distant, large strides will have been made towards it.
1905 Socialist Oct. 4/3 Industrial Unionism is the name applied to that form of trades unionism which has sprung into existence as a direct outgrowth of modern industrial conditions under which whole industries are practically owned and controlled by capitalists through the medium of a trust or combine.
1920 S. Webb & B. Webb Hist. Trade Unionism (rev. ed.) ix. 659 The revolutionary Industrial Unionism and Syndicalism preached by James Connolly and Tom Mann..between 1905 and 1912 did not commend itself to the officials of the Trade Unions.
2000 T. Royle Working for McDonald's in Europe v. 90 Merger activity is..on the increase even in countries such as Germany and The Netherlands, where sectoral and/or industrial unionism is well established.
industrial unionist n. an advocate of industrial unionism; a member of an industrial union.
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society > occupation and work > worker > those involved in labour relations > [noun] > members of trade or labour union > supporter or advocate of
industrial unionist1882
anarcho-syndicalist1907
syndicalist1907
1882 Funny Folks 9 Sept. 284/1 It's all arranged with the Government. We do it as Irish Labour and Industrial Unionists, and we haven't the slightest connection with the former establishment—oh, dear me, no.
1905 Socialist Oct. 4/3 The Industrial Unionist calls upon the workers to organise in a manner consistent with the economic conditions with which they are surrounded... The plan of the industrial unionist..calls for the joining of all in the one national body of the industry.
2006 Sydney Morning Herald 8 Apr. 21 Some of the workers with the greatest privileges, such as industrial unionists, are the centre-left's strongest supporters.
industrial unrest n. a state of disagreement or discord between employers and employees, often resulting in protest action by employees.
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1889 Zion's Home Monthly (Salt Lake City, Utah Territory) 15 Jan. 188/2 For our industrial unrest, we have the far reaching influence of organizations, which may mean strikes and the suspension of all important travel.
1949 Irish Monthly 77 71 Although wages may seem to be the cause of industrial unrest, such intangible factors as self-respect, social recognition, and the need for security are the underlying causes of most labour difficulties.
2012 Sunday Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 4 Nov. 10 The decision by both parties to return to the negotiating table comes after months of industrial unrest, culminating in tens of thousands of teachers walking off the job.
industrial waste n. unwanted materials produced in the course of industrial processes; (as a count noun) a deposit or mass of this.
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1872 River Pollution Comm. (1868): 4th Rep.: Pollution Rivers Scotl. I. i. 13 in Parl. Papers (C. 603) XXXIV. 1 A large proportion of the personal waste of its population..together with all its industrial waste, is sent directly and completely into the river.
1926 Lancet 6 Mar. 503/2 The biological oxygen demand of sewage, of industrial waste, and of polluted river waters has been studied carefully.
1968 J. Hay Sandy Shore xiii. 61 A visitor to the shore..cannot be expected to stop enjoying his leisure time in the sun in order to worry about industrial wastes and over-population.
2003 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 2 July a9/2 Residents often drive atop a hill to watch the twice-weekly ships that carry away what is left of some 500,000 tons of industrial waste that was dumped here.
Industrial Workers of the World n. a labour organization advocating syndicalism which had its greatest support in the western United States during the early 20th cent.; cf. Wobbly n.1
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society > occupation and work > working > association of employers or employees > [noun] > trade union > trade-union associations
trade union congress1860
Knights of Labour1886
Industrial Workers of the World1905
T.U.C.1910
Profintern1924
Histadrut1925
ACTU1928
WFTU1947
Sohyo1953
U.W.C.1974
1905 Constitution & By-laws Industrial Workers of World 4 This Organization shall be known as ‘The Industrial Workers of the World’... And shall be composed of thirteen International Departments, subdivided in industrial unions of closely kindred industries..for representation in the departmental administration.
1912 Cent. Mag. July 473/1 Counsels of violence were emphatically rejected, despite the opposition of the ideas of the Industrial Workers of the World.
1962 G. Woodcock Anarchism xiv. 466 After 1905 the anarchists who were interested in labor organization tended to join the Industrial Workers of the World.
2010 Economist 11 Sept. 86/1 The influence of labour militants declined when the Industrial Workers of the World, ‘the Wobblies’, emerged as a force in the workplace.
Derivatives
inˈdustrially adv. with respect to industry; in industry; on an industrial scale, by industrial methods.
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society > occupation and work > industry > [adverb]
industrially1824
1824 A. Cary Addr. Mass. Charitable Mechanic Assoc. 18 This whole Southern land is now being torn in pieces and reconstructed morally and industrially.
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products 203/1 Those identified with the manufacturing pursuits, or producing arts, are said to be industrially employed.
1883 American 6 37 No country which keeps a large fraction of its people under arms, can compete industrially with countries like England and America.
2000 Independent 10 June ii. 3/2 Most of the real countryside, meanwhile, is a patchwork of industrially farmed prairie.
inˈdustrialness n. the quality of being industrial.
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society > occupation and work > industry > [noun] > quality of being industrial
industrialness1855
1855 G. Wilson What is Technol.? 13 The industrialness, then, of man..is carried out in a way quite peculiar to himself.
1876 H. Spencer Princ. Sociol. (1877) I. 756 Simple tribes which are exceptional in their industrialness.
2013 Western Mail (Nexis) 23 Nov. 15 I'd become so beaten down by the grey industrialness of where I used to live that when I moved to Aber I just fell in love with it.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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adj.n.c1487