单词 | induce |
释义 | inducev. 1. transitive. To lead (a person), by persuasion or some influence or motive that acts upon the will, to (†into, †unto) some action, condition, belief, etc.; to lead on, move, influence, prevail upon (any one) to do something. a. Of persons, personal action, influence, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > persuasion > persuade (a person) [verb (transitive)] > persuade or prevail upon > to do something procurea1325 draw1425 inducec1450 draw1531 obtain1558 reduce?a1560 weighc1571 charma1592 obtain1606 bias1660 gain1681 import1825 wangle1926 α. β. c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 199 Ful perylous it is to inducyn & steryn an-oþer to synne.1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xxiv. 90 She can not by no wyse induce herselfe to gyue a reste vnto her eyen by a lityll slepe.1520 Chron. Eng. vi. f. 67v/1 He induced the noble men to swere that..they sholde chese Octavianus his sone pope.1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. v. sig. Cijv To induce them in-to a contention with their inferiour companions.1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia ii. sig. Qiiiv If he coulde not by fayre & gentle speche induce them vnto his opinion.1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 159 Hee perswaded them for the space of a whole yeare..and at last induced them to leave their riches..and to follow him.a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) i. x. 16 I haue done as you haue done..Induc'd as you haue beene. View more context for this quotation1679 Animadversions Speeches 5 Jesuits 20 That Prince..who induces his Subjects into Heresie.1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 4 I have the more willingly induced my self to this unequal task, out of the hope of contributing somewhat to that blessed end.1793 E. Burke Observ. Conduct Minority in Two Lett. Conduct Domestick Parties (1797) 51 To induce us to this, Mr. Fox laboured hard to make it appear [etc.].1852 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 5) 223 Where is the spirit which induced me here?1864 J. R. Lowell Fireside Trav. 266 To induce settlers upon territory of such uninhabitable quality.1878 R. W. Dale Lect. Preaching (ed. 3) ix. 279 You should try by gentle means to induce the people to make a change.c1480 (a1400) St. Mary of Egypt 562 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 312 Al vthyr als, þat I mycht enduce to þat foly. c1480 (a1400) St. John Baptist 773 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 245 Þe caynis bruthire..with cristine wes enducyt sa, þat he baptysme can haly ta. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. lxxxxvii. f. xxxviii She lafte nat to enduce and tourne her Lord to the faith in all that she myght. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cclxxii. 408 He..sayd, he wolde go himselfe to Angolesme to the prince, and to the lordes that be ther, trustyng to..enduse them. 1533 T. More Answere Poysened Bk. i. v. f. xvv To enduce them the better to the bylyefe of his great kyndnes. 1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia ii. xxiii. 241 Willingly enduced for just respects, to disengage themselues. b. Of things, circumstances, or considerations. (Also absol., without personal object expressed.) ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > persuasion > persuade (a person) [verb (transitive)] > persuade or prevail upon > to do something > specifically of things or circumstances induce1430 invite1533 will1563 1430–40 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1554) vi. i. 145 b People of Grece, of Rome and of Chartage..Were indused by swetenes of language To haue together their conversacion. c1530 Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 31 Let necessite induce the therto. a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 53/2 The only desire..yt induced him to be..one specyall contriuer of al this horrible treson. 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 76 Many men were wonderfully enriched by your Canons: but very fewe enduced to have any especiall regarde to feare God by ye knowledge of them. 1609 S. Rowlands Famous Hist. Guy Earle of Warwick 74 There to be buried where he had been born, Was all the cause that did induce him back. 1654 T. Gataker Disc. Apol. 73 I make no doubt, but that manie Points and Practises in Poperie..induce millions unto Atheism. 1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ iii. i. §1 If I have not a soul of an immortal nature, there can bee no sufficient..motive inducing to it [religion]. 1720 D. Waterland 8 Serm. Divinity of Christ 254 Where an Argument is drawn from the natural and necessary Perfections of God, to induce us to some faint resemblance and imitation of them. 1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) II. 263 These considerations induce me to believe [etc.]. 1871 J. Yeats Techn. Hist. Commerce 427 The demands for food, clothing, fuel and shelter have induced men to labour. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > belief, trust, confidence > act of convincing, conviction > bring to belief, convince [verb (transitive)] persuadec1450 ensurec1500 satisfyc1520 convict1583 forcea1586 move1590 possess1591 secure1602 confirm1607 convince1609 convince1632 induce1655 prepossessa1676 coax1676 1655 in S. Hartlib Reformed Common-wealth Bees 21 And that out of Kine, either strangled, or otherwise dying, and so lying abroad, exposed to the influence of the Heavens, Bees naturally will not spring, I am induced. 2. a. To bring in, introduce (a practice, condition, state of things, custom, law, etc.). Const. into. Obsolete or blended with 4. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > introduction or bringing in > introduce or bring something in [verb (transitive)] inbringc1000 induce1401 to bring up1484 invect1548 introduce1559 inject1639 usher1679 the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > use or make use of [verb (transitive)] > bring or put into use > bring into use or practice induce1401 hatch1549 introduct1570 introduce1603 1401 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 51 Ȝour daliaunce inducit ire and envie. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 251 From the cite made unto clx. yere folowenge was movede noo diuorce. The firste man inducenge hit was callede Carbilius. 1485 Paston Lett. No. 883 III. 318 The seid Henry Tidder..entendith also..to enduce and establisse newe lawes and ordenaunces amongez the Kynggs seid subjetts. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry V f. lxvv He doubted not but by his onely meanes, peace should be induced. 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie ii. xii. 86 By some leasurable trauell it were no hard matter to induce all their auncient feete into vse with vs. 1630 J. Wadsworth Eng. Spanish Pilgrime (new ed.) iii. 30 The first that induced this Order of Nunnes, was Father Gerard. a1652 R. Brome Love-sick Court v. iii. 168 in Five New Playes (1659) If you think it meet, I will induce The practise of it presently. 1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. v. 60 Occasional irregularities, may subsist, in a considerable degree, without inducing any doubt into the question. 1836 W. Hamilton tr. A. F. Bernhardi in Edinb. Rev. Jan. 419 To induce that numb rigidity into our intellectual life. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > insertion or putting in > insert or put in [verb (transitive)] to do ineOE to put ina1300 insetc1374 to throw ina1382 inducec1420 intriec1420 to set ina1425 tryc1440 enter1489 insert1529 turn1544 insere1557 infer1572 input1593 intromitc1600 introduce1695 to run in1756 c1420 Pallad. on Husb. vi. 80 Into a potte of erthe enduce a floure Vppon his bough doun bounden ther to dwelle. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming in > go or come into [verb (transitive)] > bring in > a person into a house, room, or vessel admit1434 showc1450 to take in?a1475 enter1523 inducea1535 to show ina1640 a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) ii. xvi. sig. K.viv Ye blessed Apostle exorteth men yt they should in their bodilye sicknes, induce ye priestes. 1605 B. Jonson Masque of Blacknesse in Wks. (1616) (Rtldg.) 544/2 These [Oceanus and Niger] induced the masquers, which were twelve nymphs. a1652 R. Brome Queen & Concubine i. iii. 8 in Five New Playes (1659) My last command, which was Never to see the court till I induc'd you. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > art or occupation of writer or author > be the author of or write (a work) [verb (transitive)] > present by literary treatment beloukOE induce1484 handle1531 introduce1559 manage1697 write1781 plant1948 1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope Pref. Esope..induceth the byrdes, the trees and the beestes spekynge. 1534 R. Whittington tr. Cicero Thre Bks. Tullyes Offyces iii. sig. S.1 Tully..induceth two of Socrates secte of dyuers opinyons. 1558 J. Knox First Blast against Monstruous Regiment Women f. 23v In an other place he induceth God speaking to the woman in this sorte. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 250 The rest are all delivered as the wordes of God; hee being induced as speaker. a1744 A. Pope Gen. View of epic Poem in Wks. (1871–89) IX. 16 The poet may be seen inducing his personages in the first Illiad. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > attest, bear witness [verb (transitive)] > bring forward as evidence to draw forthc1175 showa1325 drawc1330 allaya1387 to avouch a thing upon (a person)1393 allegea1398 adduce?a1425 induce1433 recite1509 infera1529 vouch1531 cite1550 avouch1573 relate1604 instance1608 rejourn1624 quote1663 abduce1720 invoke1879 1433 J. Lydgate St. Fremund 70 Now purposyng..[to] Induce a story longyng to this mater. 1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 94 Ovyde was bannisshed for his skill And many mo whome I cowde enduce. 1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 968/1 Long it were to induce here all prophecies that bee read in histories. 1581 R. Sempill Complaint vpon Fortoun (single sheet) Sum auld exemples heir I man Induce, To bring my purpose to more speciall. 1605 R. Verstegan Restit. Decayed Intelligence i. 10 All which may enduce sufficient reasons to think him their first chief. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iii. xxv. §3. 173 To exprobrate their Stupiditie, he induceth the providence of Storkes. Now if the bird had been unknown, the illustration had been obscure. View more context for this quotation a. To introduce or bring (a person) into the knowledge of something; to initiate, instruct. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 94 The sage and wysemen shal enduce and teche the rude peple and harde of entendement. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 333/2 He was..wel lerned and enduced in the sacrefyses and werkes of the temple. 1511–12 Act 3 Hen. VIII c. 3 §1 Every man hauynge..men children..shall provyde..a bowe and ij shaftes to enduse and lern theym and bryng them uppe in shotyng. ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > [verb (transitive)] > ground or initiate foundc1394 groundc1405 introduce1475 induce1490 enter?1529 institutea1538 flesh1591 induct1603 initiate1603 principle1608 elementa1639 foundation1661 the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > do habitually [verb (transitive)] > accustom (a person) weanc960 wonc1175 to teach to1297 usec1300 usec1405 accustom1422 wontc1440 custom?c1450 enure1489 inure1489 induce1490 habituate1530 ure1530 usage1530 trade1539 to trade up1556 exercise1558 flesh1591 habit?1615 habitate1621 occasion1684 usen1715 usen1861 ethize1876 1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xxi. 77 I requyre only that he putte this thyng in delaye, for a certayn Space of tyme, Duryng the whiche I may induce my self to sorow. 1534 T. More Treat. Passion in Wks. 1330/1 Inducyng them into the communyon of the Sacramentes. 1553 J. Withals Shorte Dict. Prol. A thyng written by me to induce children to the latin tongue. 1561 J. Daus tr. H. Bullinger Hundred Serm. vpon Apocalips Pref. sig. A.v The holy Gost beyng sent to his Apostles, which induced them into all truthe. 4. a. To bring about, bring on, produce, cause, give rise to. Now widespread in technical contexts, frequently with a concrete or material object rather than an abstract one. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] wieldeOE timberc897 letc900 rearOE doOE i-wendeOE workOE makeOE bringc1175 raisec1175 shapec1315 to owe (also have) a wold (also on wield)a1325 procurec1330 purchasec1330 causec1340 conform1377 performa1382 excite1398 induce1413 occasionate?c1450 occasionc1454 to bring about1480 gara1500 to bring to passc1513 encause1527 to work out1534 inferc1540 excitate?1549 import1550 ycause1563 frame1576 effect1581 to bring in1584 effectuatea1586 apport?1591 introduce1605 create1607 generate1607 cast1633 efficiate1639 conciliate1646 impetrate1647 state1654 accompass1668 to bring to bear1668 to bring on1671 effectivate1717 makee1719 superinduce1837 birth1913 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (1483) v. xiv. 107 Euery thyng that werketh naturelly..enduceth the fourme of it seluen. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 73 That grauntede, that place scholde induce otherwhile the eclipse of the moone. ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. lix Yf þu forgyue nat the wrong done to the: thou..inducis goddes curse to fall vpon the. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 267 The Scythian wyll accuse the Romane heauen as induceinge feuers. 1676 M. Hale Contempl. Moral & Divine i. 334 There are two things that induce the loss of friends. 1710 H. Prideaux Orig. & Right Tithes i. 7 This induceth a necessity of coming to a positive institution. a1780 J. Harris Philol. Inq. (1781) iii. iii. 267 I mean gentle walking without inducing fatigue. 1831 D. Brewster Treat. Optics xxviii. 241 The phenomena are related to the shape of the mass in which the change is induced. 1859 J. Lang Wanderings in India 355 Agricultural improvement would induce lasting and increasing prosperity of the cultivating classes. 1874 W. B. Carpenter Princ. Mental Physiol. (1879) i. i. §27 27 Such automatic states..may be artificially induced. 1928 Biol. Abstr. 2 686/2 In the early gastrula stage the whole quadrant lying above the blastopore is capable of inducing formation of a new embryonic axis. 1931 J. Needham Chem. Embryol. I. 579 A piece of the brain of a free-swimming larva would still induce a medullary plate in the early embryo. 1941 Jrnl. Nat. Cancer Inst. (U.S.) 2 199/2 Whether carbon tetrachloride is the active agent in inducing hepatomas in mice or whether these tumors are merely the result of hepatic damage caused by carbon tetrachloride awaits further study. 1947 Growth XI. 228 Fifty-two compounds..were tested for their activity in inducing pectinase production. 1953 Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. XVIII. 101/2 The transition from the prophage to the vegetative state can therefore be induced with a probability of nearly 1. 1968 Ann. Rev. Nuclear Sci. 18 343 (heading) Compound nuclear reactions induced by heavy ions. 1969 Times 9 June 2/1 How then do D.N.A. viruses induce interferon in the cell? 1971 tr. S.E. Bresler's Introd. Molecular Biol. v. 487 The existence of compounds that repress and induce the formation of enzymes provides direct evidence that regulatory mechanisms are present. 1973 Nature 12 Jan. 132/1 Bachem..induced cataracts in guinea-pigs and rabbits with ultraviolet light. 1973 Nature 9 Feb. 367/1 Whereas 224Ra with a short 3·8 day half life induces in man chiefly osteosarcomas, 226Ra with a half life of 1,620 years induces both osteo and fibrosarcomas. b. spec. To produce (an electric current or magnetic state) by induction: see induction n. 10. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrically induced magnetism > electromagnetic induction > produce by induction [verb (transitive)] induce1777 excite1839 faradize1864 1777 T. Cavallo Compl. Treat. Electr. iv. iv. 384 The action of these plates depends upon a principle long ago discovered, viz. the power that an excited electric has to induce a contrary Electricity in a body brought within its sphere of action. 1812 H. Davy Elements Chem. Philos. 133 The conductor, which is thus affected by induced electricity. 1832 M. Faraday in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 122 125 The power which electricity of tension possesses of causing an opposite electrical state in its vicinity has been expressed by the general term Induction; which, as it has been received into scientific language, may also with propriety, be used in the same general sense to express the power which electrical currents may possess of inducing any particular state upon matter in their immediate neighbourhood. 1839 G. Bird Elements Nat. Philos. 266 A current traversing a wire induces a secondary one in a wire parallel to it. 1855 H. M. Noad Man. Electr. (ed. 4) I. 44 The electricity of e induces a change in the electric state of dc. 1892 S. P. Thompson Dynamo-electr. Machinery (ed. 4) 30 To induce currents in a conductor, there must be a relative motion between conductor and magnet, of such a kind as to alter the number of lines of force embraced in the circuit. c. To bring on as a state or condition. Const. upon. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > bring something upon send971 drivea1400 inrun1471 work1487 to draw down1595 invite1599 derive1611 superinduce1615 incur1627 to bring down1662 induce1857 1857–8 E. H. Sears Athanasia xi. 97 This dim and sleepy life is induced upon us that we may not know at the beginning all that we are. 1863 E. V. Neale Analogy Thought & Nature 65 We induce upon the new individual the result of our observation of past individuals. d. To initiate (labour) artificially. Cf. induction n. 9. ΘΚΠ the world > life > source or principle of life > birth > confinement > confine or deliver [verb (transitive)] > induce labour induce1852 1852 Lancet 2 Oct. 297/2 Under these circumstances, a new method of inducing premature labour..cannot fail of being recognised by obstetricians as a great boon. 1916 G. P. Shears Obstetrics xxvi. 573 Manual dilatation is not in itself a method of inducing labor, but it is sometimes most valuable in accelerating the progress of labor. 1968 D. C. Bethea Introd. Maternity Nursing ix. 121 The mother who is to have labor induced may feel uneasy... She is likely to want to know if her labor will be longer, harder, or more painful because it is induced. e. Biology. To cause (a bacterium containing a prophage) to begin the lytic cycle.Quots. 1950, 1951 illustrate the origin of this use in sense 4a (induce = produce, cause). ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > lysis > [verb (transitive)] plasmolyse1884 autolyse1901 lyse1925 induce1953 lysogenize1953 1950 A. Lwoff et al. in Ann. de l'Inst. Pasteur LXXIX. 833 Nous avons induit la lyse de la totalité des bactéries d'une culture de B. megatherium. 1951 Jrnl. Bacteriol. 62 317 Maturation from prophage into phage can be induced in every bacterium of a culture of K12 by irradiation with small doses of ultraviolet rays (Lwoff effect).] 1953 Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. XVIII. 104/1 In order to be induced to the same extent, cultures of B. megatherium in minimal medium require a dose of ultraviolet light 20 times greater than cultures in yeast extract. 1959 Jacob & Wollman in Burnet & Stanley Viruses II. ix. 332 When..inducible lysogenic bacteria are first induced and then infected with an adequate multiplicity of a mutant of the homologous phage, each bacterium releases particles of the prophage as well as of the mutant type. 1962 Nature 24 Nov. 783/2 Certain antitumour agents are capable of inducing lysogenic bacteria. 1970 Jrnl. Virol. 5 240/2 When an intermediate amount of mitomycin C (1 μg/ml) was also used to induce the culture in addition to thymine deprivation, the production of PBLB was almost doubled. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > hint or covert suggestion > hint at or suggest [verb (transitive)] inkle1340 induce1481 alludec1487 signifya1535 insinuate1561 to glance at (upon, against)1570 thrust1574 imply1581 adumbrate1589 intimate1590 innuate?1611 glancea1616 ministera1616 perstringea1620 shadow1621 subinduce1640 involve1646 equivocate1648 hint1648 subindicate1654 hint at1697 suggest1697 indicate1751 surmise1820 to get at ——1875 1481 W. Caxton Tulle of Old Age A v (R. Suppl.) Notable examples to induce the soul to be perpetuel and most lyght and parfyght. 1591 H. Savile tr. Tacitus Life Agricola in tr. Tacitus Ende of Nero: Fower Bks. Hist. 243 The couloured countenances of the Silures..seeme to induce, that the old Spaniards passed the sea and possessed those places. 1601 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Trauellers Breuiat 50 Which are reasons sufficient to induce, that in his gulfe..he hath small meanes to rig out any. a1623 H. Swinburne Treat. Spousals (1686) 72 The sixth Limitation is, When as by common use of Speech the words induce Matrimony. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iv. x. 201 That an unsavoury odour is gentilitious or nationall unto the Jews,..we cannot well concede, nor will the information of reason or sense induce it. View more context for this quotation 6. To infer; esp. in later use, to infer by reasoning from particular facts to general principles; to derive as an induction. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > process of reasoning, ratiocination > process of inferring, inference > infer, conclude [verb (transitive)] concludec1374 takec1400 to drive outc1443 drive1447 derive1509 reasona1527 deduce1529 include1529 infer1529 gather1535 deduct?1551 induce1563 pick1565 fetch1567 collect1581 decide1584 bring1605 to take up1662 1563 W. Fulke Goodle Gallerye Causes Meteors ii. f. 16 If it wer lawful to reason of this sort, we might enduce them to betoken, not only these few things, but al other things yt chanse in the worlde. 1583 W. Fulke Def. Transl. Script. xii. (Parker Soc.) 424 He hath already given you a sufficient reason to induce, that the apostle speaketh not of faith as generally as of knowledge. 1667 R. Allestree Causes Decay Christian Piety viii. 224 'Twould be hard to discern, how from different premises the same conclusion should be induced. 1855 F. P. Cobbe Ess. Intuitive Morals I. 45 (note) We obtain a multitude of contingent truths..and from these we induce the general proposition. 1888 Science Dec. 304 From a sufficient number of results a proposition or law is induced. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > cover [verb (transitive)] > spread or draw over (a thing) as covering for tighta1000 hapc1390 to draw abroada1400 to draw over ——a1500 superducea1500 induce1567 overhale1579 bespread1598 strew?1615 superinduce1616 obducea1676 1567 T. Drant tr. Horace Pistles in tr. Horace Arte of Poetrie sig. Eviijv Beduske my fraude withe cloudes, my sinnes Induce on theym a night. 1588 J. Read tr. F. Arcaeus Compend. Method f. 69 Dura mater, which had begun..to induce flesh, had induced so beyond all measure [etc.]. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 407 Now Night her course began, and over Heav'n Inducing darkness, grateful truce impos'd. View more context for this quotation 1708 J. Philips Cyder i. (R.) There are, who, fondly studious of increase, Rich foreign mould on their ill-natur'd land Induce laborious. 1785 W. Cowper Task i. 32 And o'er the seat, with plenteous wadding stuff'd, Induc'd a splendid cover. 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