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单词 intake
释义

intaken.

Brit. /ˈɪnteɪk/, U.S. /ˈɪnˌteɪk/, Scottish English /ˈɪntek/
Forms: 1500s– intack, (1500s–1600s intacke), 1700s– intake (Scottish intak).
Etymology: in- prefix1 1a(b)(i); compare take in , take v.
Originally Scottish and northern dialect.
1.
a. The act of taking in or receiving from outside; that which is taken in, an amount or quantity received internally.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming in > [noun] > taking in
taking in1456
reception?a1475
introreceptiona1660
intake1808
intaking1905
1808–18 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Intake, the bringing in of the crop.
1854 H. Keddie Phemie Millar 161 With her..downright intake in the shape of meat and drink.
1886 R. L. Stevenson Strange Case Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde ii. 22 Mr. Hyde shrank back with a hissing intake of the breath.
1896 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. I. 143 Both the oxygen intake and the output of carbon dioxide in normal and fevered animals were compared.
1940 Economist 9 Nov. 590/1 Thanks to the heavy intake of raw wool this year..it has been possible to meet military and almost all export requirements without stinting the home consumer.
1955 Times 10 May 18/3 The intake of orders for the first four months is higher than ever before.
1971 Nature 2 July 63/3 Thus there is the intake and evaluation in one computerized centre of duplicate magnetic tapes from many sources.
b. (One of) a group of entrants to the army, a school, a trade, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > learning > learner > [noun] > novice or beginner
younglingOE
new-comeOE
novice1340
ginner?c1400
beginner1470
apprentice1489
prentice1489
infant1526
freshmana1557
intrant1560
enterer1565
puny?1570
weakling1575
new comeling1587
novist1587
incipient1589
puisne1592
abecedary1596
neophyte1600
abecedarian1603
bachelor1604
novelist?1608
alphabetary1611
breeching boy1611
tiro1611
alphabetarian1614
principiant1619
unexperienced1622
velvet head1631
undergraduatea1659
young stager1664
greenhorn1672
battledore boy1693
youngster1706
tironist1716
novitiatea1734
recruit1749
griffin1793
initiate1811
Johnny Newcome1815
Johnny Raw1823
griff1829
plebe1833
Johnny-come-lately1839
new chum1851
blanc-bec1853
fledgling1856
rookie1868
elementarian1876
tenderfoot1881
shorthorn1888
new kid1894
cheechako1897
ring-neck1898
Johnny1901
rook1902
fresh meat1908
malihini1914
initiand1915
stooge1930
intakea1943
cub1966
a1943 B. Webb Our Partnership (1948) ii. 79 It was.. among educational ladders..the most elaborate in its organisation of ‘intakes’ and promotions.
1943 Times 10 Dec. 2/1 That is evident from the moment when new intakes arrive and at once are interviewed by the..commanding officer.
1946 News Chron. 8 Aug. 1/4 It is understood that they will be part of the new intake of the U.S. Army.
1958 Technology May 66/2 The intake pattern can be worked out for transfer at appropriate stages.
1970 Nature 28 Nov. 798/1 The school should be functioning by 1975, with an intake of 100 students.
2. (Chiefly northern dialect) A piece of land taken in from a moorland, common, etc.; an enclosure.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > [noun] > enclosed land or field
tye832
hopea1000
fieldOE
field landOE
glebe1387
parka1393
closec1440
outset1506
intake1523
rout1598
fielden1610
town park1701
paddock1808
savannah1882
c1330 Selby Cartul. II. 14 Ibidem est quoddam yntauk de feodo prædicto quod vocatur le Munkebank.]
1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Surueyeng viii. f. 8v The lordes..haue gyuen lycence to dyuers of their tenauntes..to take in newe intackes or closes out of the commens.
1536 in J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. (1611) ix. xxi. 775/2 That all Intacks, Inclosys syth Anno quarto Henrici septimi be pullyd downe.
a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 30 Wee..keepe them [sc. sheep] togeather in some well fenced place, as..the newe intacke in the towne becke.
1793 W. Wordsworth Evening Walk 49 When horses in the sunburnt intake stood.
1862 Life amongst Colliers 8 A nice garden..led to a ha-ha dividing it from a large pasture, known as the Intack.
attributive and in other combinations.1664 in Lex Scripta Isle of Man (1819) 150 Poor People, as Cotlers, Intack-holders, Prentices, and the like.1808 Specimens Yorksh. Dial. (new ed.) 13 To sell t' awd intack barley.
3. The place where water is taken into a channel or pipe from a river or other body of water, to drive a mill, or supply a canal, waterworks, etc. Also attributive, as intake crib, intake tunnel, intake well.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > channel for conveyance of water > place where water taken into
intake?a1800
?a1800 State, Leslie of Powis 157 (Jam.) The water for driving the machinery of said new work is taken from the river above..the cruive-dike..the intake of this water is within the bounds of the cruive-fishing property.
1804 W. Tarras Poems 40 (Jam.) Water-wraiths at in-tack drear.
1866 Times 8 Aug. 9/5 The first improvement was effected by carrying its intake up the river to Lea bridge.
1887 Spectator 9 July 921/1 Riparian towns above the intake of the Water Companies.
1892 Chicago Advance 28 Jan. An ice blockade at the port-holes had prevented the passage of the water into the intakes.
1909 Daily Chron. 21 Jan. 1/7 A fire which occurred at the construction works of a waterworks intake crib on Lake Michigan.
1909 Westm. Gaz. 21 Jan. This new intake tunnel was thrust further out into the lake.
1964 R. Perry World of Tiger xi. 160 A tiger had attacked a tapir at a reservoir near Kuala Lumpur, and..both had fallen into the dry ‘intake’ well.
4.
a. Mining. The airway by which a current of air is introduced into a mine. Also attributive.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > passage > ventilation passages or openings
througher1645
thirling1686
air-pit1709
horse-head1747
sollar1778
airway1800
wind-hole1802
bearing door1813
air course1814
downcast shaft1814
upcast shaft (or pit)1816
buze1823
air road1832
raggling1839
thirl1847
brattice1849
intake1849
run1849
trapdoor1849
skailing1850
return1851
wind-road1860
breakthrough1875
wind-way1875
breast1882
cross-heading1883
skail-door1883
U.C.1883
undercast1883
vent1886
furnace-drift1892
1849 G. C. Greenwell Gloss. Terms Coal Trade Northumberland & Durham 32 Intake, the airway along which the fresh air is conducted into a place, district, or mine.
1867 W. W. Smyth Treat. Coal & Coal-mining 219 The ‘returns’ are generally made to mount over the intake drifts.
1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 147 s.v. Downcast..is more appropriate for a shaft; Intake for an adit.
1894 Westm. Gaz. 23 Aug. 7/1 He did not see how it was possible for fire-damp to have accumulated in the main intake air roads.
b. Short for air intake n. at air n.1 Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > [noun] > air intake
intake1946
air intake1958
1946 Flight 1 Aug. 115/2 (caption) A Heinkel single-jet proposal with the intake between two nacelles.
1959 Listener 30 July 164/1 He dealt with the ice that started forming on the engine intakes of the Vickers Vimy machine.
5. A narrowing or abrupt contraction made in the width of a tube, a stocking, etc.; the point at which this is made.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > breadth or width > lack of breadth or narrowness > [noun] > a narrow part
narrowc1230
narrowingc1454
small?a1500
intake1808
1808–18 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Intake..2. A contraction, in sewing.
1875 W. McIlwraith Guide Wigtownshire 14 The monument..after a series of intakes, is formed into a clustered column.
1880 L. S. Floyer Plain Hints Examiners Needlework 29 One-third of the foot is the length of the ankle, from the last intake or decreasing.
6. Scottish. A ‘take in’, an imposition. Also, one who ‘takes in’, a cheat.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > [noun] > one who deceives
swikec1000
wielerOE
adderOE
knavec1275
treacherc1290
guiler1303
gabbera1325
tricharda1327
faitoura1340
jugglera1340
beswiker1340
wernard1362
knackerc1380
beguilera1382
deceiver1382
illusor1382
deceivant1393
fob1393
falsea1400
mocker?c1450
feature14..
deceptor1484
seductor1490
bullera1500
troker?a1500
craftera1529
circumventorc1540
bobber1542
cloyner?1550
illuder?1550
tricker1550
double-dealer1567
treacherer1571
falsary1573
abuser1579
falser1579
treachetour1590
deluder1592
ignis fatuus1592
foolmonger1593
prestigiator1595
aguiler1598
baffler1606
cog-foist1606
feaguer1610
guile-man1614
hocus-pocus1624
colt1632
hoodwink1638
blindfoldera1649
napper1653
cheat1664
fooler1677
underdealer1682
circumvenerc1686
chincher1688
dodger1698
nickum1699
sheep-shearer1699
trickster1711
bilker1717
trickologist1723
taker-in1776
bilk1790
duper1792
Yorkshire bite1801
intake1808
gammoner1819
doer1840
delusionist1841
fiddler1857
snide1874
hoodwinker1884
tanger1886
take-down1888
tiddlywinker1893
wangler1912
frost1914
twicer1924
lurkman1945
jive-ass1964
skanker1973
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > [noun] > instance of
braida1000
fraudc1374
mock1523
brogue1537
flim-flamc1538
imposture1548
lie1560
cozening1576
smoke-hole1580
gullery1598
gull1600
cog1602
coggery1602
fraudulency1630
imposition1632
cheat1649
fourbery1650
prestige1656
sham1677
crimp1684
bite1711
humbug1750
swindle1778
hookum-snivey1781
shim-sham1797
gag1805
intake1808
racket1819
wooden nutmeg1822
sell1838
caper1851
skin game1879
Kaffir bargain1899
swizzle1913
swizz1915
put-on1919
ready-up1924
rort1926
jack-up1945
1808–18 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Intake,..4. A fraud, a swindling trick. 5. A swindler.
18.. Edinburgh II. 118 (Jam.) Some even made so bold as to call him an in-tak and an adventurer.
1832 Fraser's Mag. 5 2 What was the lottery but an intake?
1860 W. Arnot Laws from Heaven 281 The counterpart is a terrible truth—it is more cursed to be an intake than to be taken in.
7. attributive and in other combinations (see also 3, 4 above).
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming in > [adjective] > relating to
initionary1865
intake1921
1921 Dict. Occup. Terms (1927) §449 Intake man, grain intake man (grain milling); at a signal from men on ship, barge, etc., alongside wharf that suction pipe is inserted in grain, starts air pump, which draws up grain through pipe by suction.
1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 451/2 Intake belt course, a projecting course of stone or bricks, serving as an intake at a place where the thickness of a wall is diminished.
1941 B.B.C. Gloss. Broadcasting Terms 15 Intake report, analysis summarizing the content of broadcasts directed to listeners in a particular country, in its own language, from a selected number of stations.
1957 Times 2 July (Agric. Suppl.) p. vi/2 A typical old barn now houses the grain intake pit, cleaner, pre-dry bin, continuous dryer, and sectional storage bins.
1958 U.S. Dept. Agric. Yearbk. 1957 760/2 Intake rate, the rate, usually expressed in inches per hour, at which rain or irrigation water enters the soil.
1961 B. Fergusson Watery Maze v. 127 Those ports on the West Coast which had become intake valves for our life's blood from across the Atlantic.
1966 D. Holbrook Flesh Wounds 95 The intake chimneys and sealing tapes round the guns were blown away by lashings of an explosive cable called Cordtex.
1972 Classif. of Occup. (Dept. Employment) III. 478/1 Intakeman (grain, sugar and similar materials). Checks supplies of grain, sugar and similar materials into storage silos, transfers materials to processing departments and maintains stock records.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

intakev.

Etymology: in- prefix1; see take in , take v.
Scottish. Obsolete.
transitive.
a. To take or gather in.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > take [verb (transitive)] > take in
intake1572
1572 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxxiii. 271 Ryue out the Mures; the bestialls gers intak.
b. To take by force of arms, capture.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > victory > make victorious [verb (transitive)] > capture or acquire by conquest
i-wina1000
wina1122
fang?c1200
catchc1275
conquer1297
geta1400
stealc1400
conquer1475
conquest1485
conques1488
evict1560
carry1579
intake1646
constrain1700
capture1796
1646 W. Baillie in R. Baillie Lett. & Jrnls. (1841) II. 417 Haveing..no artillerie at all fitt for intakeing any strong house.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
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