artefactartifactn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈɑːtᵻfakt/, U.S.

/ˈɑrdəˌfæk(t)/

Forms:

α. 1600s 1800s– artefact, 1800s artéfact.

β. 1600s 1800s– artifact.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin arte, ars, factum, facere.

Etymology: In α. forms < classical Latin arte, ablative of ars art n.¹ + factum, neuter past participle of facere to make (see fact n.). In β. forms apparently altered after classical Latin arti-, alternative stem of ars art n.¹, in e.g. artifex artifex n., artificium artifice n. Compare Spanish artefacto (late 17th cent. or earlier), Portuguese artefato (1690), Italian artefatto (1708 as noun, also 18th cent. as adjective).In contemporary use, artefact is the usual spelling in British print sources (and is the preferred form in most publishers' stylesheets, etc.), but it is rare in U.S. use. With sense A. 1b compare German Artefact (1863 or earlier in this sense; now Artefakt).

A. n.

a. An object made or modified by human workmanship, as opposed to one formed by natural processes.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > [noun] > production > product > of human art or activity

artifice1600

production1603

creationa1616

artefact1644

product1650

artefac1906

1644 K. Digby Two Treat. ii. viii. 411 If we reflect vpon the workes and artes of men, as, a good life, a commonwealth, an army, a house, a garden, all artefactes; what are they, but compositions of well ordered partes?

1681 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. xii. 208 Upon the like ground of common utility, the Roman Law did constitute Property by contexture, whereby the materials wrought into Cloth, Garment, or other Artifact, did become the property of the owner of that Artifact, if without destruction thereof, or considerable detriment thereto.

1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. at Mids The owners of the matter remain proprietors of the whole, as when a cup or other artifact is made of metal.

a1834 S. T. Coleridge Lit. Remains (1838) III. 347 A lump of sugar of lead lies among other artefacts on the shelf of a collector.

1904 Monist 14 59 The three painted bees, and these alone, returned regularly to the artefacts and no longer visited the Dahlias.

1922 Class. Q. 16 24 The shadows seem to be real till their originals are exposed as the paltry artefacts they are.

1998 D. Whyte Scotl. xiii. 265/1 The farm is run by a friendly couple who allow visitors to see a room filled with artefacts of the poet's life.

2005 P. Laridon et al. in R. Vithal et al. Researching Math. Educ. in S. Afr. v. 141 Cultural artefacts are often made of readily available low-cost material, e.g. string, safety-pins, beads, seeds, etc.

b. Archaeology. An excavated object that shows characteristic signs of human workmanship or use.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > work > product of work > [noun] > other spec.

fingerwork1625

tamp-work1855

artefact1890

1890 D. G. Brinton Races & Peoples ii. 75 The presence of artefacts and shells from the Pacific in old graves on the Atlantic coast.

1917 W. K. Moorehead Stone Ornaments Indians U.S. 170 A surface find in the Iroquoian area in New York is no sure indication that the artifact is Iroquoian.

1964 K. P. Oakley Frameworks for dating Fossil Man iv. 172 The oldest known artifacts in the world are the Oldowan pebble-tools.

2004 Time Out N.Y. 12 Feb. 60/4 This exhibition of more than 200 artifacts depicts the history, red-sandstone architecture and Nabataean culture of the ancient city of Petra.

c. In fantasy role-playing games, computer games, etc.: an object which may be found or collected by a player, typically conferring an advantage in the game.

ΚΠ

1978 G. Gygax Eldritch Wizardry (new ed.) 40 The abilities of all artifacts and relics must be determined by trial and error, by the players.

1990 Dragon Mag. 38/3 Journey into the Realm of Faerie..where an artifact may be found to aid in overthrowing their enemy.

1997 Maclean's (Electronic ed.) 8 Dec. 64 A medieval adventurer named Arthur..embarks on a quest for sacred artifacts while attempting to save the kingdom.

2006 N.Y. Times (Electronic ed.) 29 June c12 You will stop just as soon as your troops cross a guarded bridge, occupy a castle or find a magical artifact.

2. Science. A spurious result, effect, or finding in a scientific experiment or investigation, esp. one created by the experimental technique or procedure itself. Also as a mass noun: such effects collectively.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > growth or excrescence > [noun] > foreign body or artefact

foreign body1672

artefact1872

1872 G. R. Cutter tr. H. Frey Microscope & Microsc. Technol. xvii. 435 Their cylindrical gland-cells..are also quite perishable, so that one often meets with only the finely granular, nucleated contents of the tubular glands as an artefact.

1883 C. Heitzman Microsc. Morphol. Animal Body 83 When he uses the word membrane in relation to red blood-corpuscles, he means to speak of what may be called an ‘artefact’, i.e. ‘that apparent membrane which is made visible by the action of reagents’.

1899 Lancet 24 June 1687/2 Dr. Hill believes that this appearance is purely an artifact and due to the spread of the neuroplasm along the fibrils after death.

1946 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 133 462 This persisted after chloroform treatment and must be regarded as an artifact caused by capacitative coupling between the polarizing and recording leads.

1981 V. N. McIntyre Entropy Effect iv. 112 He needed time to go over his observational apparatus again, to determine if the results were merely an artifact.

1993 E. N. K. Clarkson Invertebr. Palaeontol. & Evol. (ed. 3) iii. 57/2 The change from soft bodied to shelly faunas..was an actual event, and not an artefact of the fossil record.

2007 Arch. Ophthalmol. 125 680 More crush artifact was seen with the snare than with scissors.

3. A non-material human construct.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > idea, notion, or concept > [noun]

thoughtOE

thingOE

conceita1393

imagea1393

concept1479

conception1526

suppositiona1529

idee1542

idea1585

conceivement1599

project1600

representationa1602

notion1607

phantasma1620

conceptus1643

species1644

notice1654

revolution1675

representamen1677

vorstellung1807

brain-stuff1855

ideation1876

think1886

artefact1923

construct1933

mind1966

1923 J. A. Leighton Field of Philos. (ed. 3) xii. 182 A universal is a mental artefact, necessary for discourse.

1927 G. Murray Classical Trad. in Poetry 243 Poetry..is an ‘artifact’—I mean, it is a thing made.

1934 A. Toynbee Study of Hist. III. iii. 156 It is a mere accident..that the material tools which Man has made for himself should have a greater capacity to survive..than Man's psychic artif [a] cts.

1949 Foreign Affairs 27 384 The police power of a government cannot be a pure political artifact.

1990 Amer. Hist. Rev. 95 159/2 If this was paranoia..it was not a spontaneous cultural evolution but a deliberate political artifact.

2006 W. Maartens Mapping Reality xvi. 346 Mathematics is an extreme, human, mental artefact and never proves anything outside its own realm.

B. adj.

That is made or modified by human workmanship. Also: that is a result of human intervention. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > [adjective] > created or produced > contrived, artificial, or put together

positivec1385

artificial?c1425

craftlya1492

wroughta1500

preparated1569

made1580

elaborate1583

elaborate1592

elaborated1596

handmade1603

arted1606

factitiousa1624

made-up1677

fictitious1686

man-madea1718

got-up1793

gotten-up1796

canned1878

artefact1909

prefabricated1935

1909 J. A. Stewart Plato's Doctr. Ideas 179 The rêverie-image of an object natural or artefact.

1913 Lancet 19 Apr. 1094/2 The components of dental sepsis and dental caries, pyorrhœa, tartar, artifact causes of sepsis, were all governed by the root-factor stagnation.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	artefact
释义	artefactartifactn.adj. Brit. /ˈɑːtᵻfakt/, U.S. /ˈɑrdəˌfæk(t)/ Forms: α. 1600s 1800s– artefact, 1800s artéfact. β. 1600s 1800s– artifact. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin arte, ars, factum, facere. Etymology: In α. forms < classical Latin arte, ablative of ars art n.¹ + factum, neuter past participle of facere to make (see fact n.). In β. forms apparently altered after classical Latin arti-, alternative stem of ars art n.¹, in e.g. artifex artifex n., artificium artifice n. Compare Spanish artefacto (late 17th cent. or earlier), Portuguese artefato (1690), Italian artefatto (1708 as noun, also 18th cent. as adjective).In contemporary use, artefact is the usual spelling in British print sources (and is the preferred form in most publishers' stylesheets, etc.), but it is rare in U.S. use. With sense A. 1b compare German Artefact (1863 or earlier in this sense; now Artefakt). A. n. 1. a. An object made or modified by human workmanship, as opposed to one formed by natural processes. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > [noun] > production > product > of human art or activity artifice1600 production1603 creationa1616 artefact1644 product1650 artefac1906 1644 K. Digby Two Treat. ii. viii. 411 If we reflect vpon the workes and artes of men, as, a good life, a commonwealth, an army, a house, a garden, all artefactes; what are they, but compositions of well ordered partes? 1681 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. xii. 208 Upon the like ground of common utility, the Roman Law did constitute Property by contexture, whereby the materials wrought into Cloth, Garment, or other Artifact, did become the property of the owner of that Artifact, if without destruction thereof, or considerable detriment thereto. 1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. at Mids The owners of the matter remain proprietors of the whole, as when a cup or other artifact is made of metal. a1834 S. T. Coleridge Lit. Remains (1838) III. 347 A lump of sugar of lead lies among other artefacts on the shelf of a collector. 1904 Monist 14 59 The three painted bees, and these alone, returned regularly to the artefacts and no longer visited the Dahlias. 1922 Class. Q. 16 24 The shadows seem to be real till their originals are exposed as the paltry artefacts they are. 1998 D. Whyte Scotl. xiii. 265/1 The farm is run by a friendly couple who allow visitors to see a room filled with artefacts of the poet's life. 2005 P. Laridon et al. in R. Vithal et al. Researching Math. Educ. in S. Afr. v. 141 Cultural artefacts are often made of readily available low-cost material, e.g. string, safety-pins, beads, seeds, etc. b. Archaeology. An excavated object that shows characteristic signs of human workmanship or use. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > work > product of work > [noun] > other spec. fingerwork1625 tamp-work1855 artefact1890 1890 D. G. Brinton Races & Peoples ii. 75 The presence of artefacts and shells from the Pacific in old graves on the Atlantic coast. 1917 W. K. Moorehead Stone Ornaments Indians U.S. 170 A surface find in the Iroquoian area in New York is no sure indication that the artifact is Iroquoian. 1964 K. P. Oakley Frameworks for dating Fossil Man iv. 172 The oldest known artifacts in the world are the Oldowan pebble-tools. 2004 Time Out N.Y. 12 Feb. 60/4 This exhibition of more than 200 artifacts depicts the history, red-sandstone architecture and Nabataean culture of the ancient city of Petra. c. In fantasy role-playing games, computer games, etc.: an object which may be found or collected by a player, typically conferring an advantage in the game. ΚΠ 1978 G. Gygax Eldritch Wizardry (new ed.) 40 The abilities of all artifacts and relics must be determined by trial and error, by the players. 1990 Dragon Mag. 38/3 Journey into the Realm of Faerie..where an artifact may be found to aid in overthrowing their enemy. 1997 Maclean's (Electronic ed.) 8 Dec. 64 A medieval adventurer named Arthur..embarks on a quest for sacred artifacts while attempting to save the kingdom. 2006 N.Y. Times (Electronic ed.) 29 June c12 You will stop just as soon as your troops cross a guarded bridge, occupy a castle or find a magical artifact. 2. Science. A spurious result, effect, or finding in a scientific experiment or investigation, esp. one created by the experimental technique or procedure itself. Also as a mass noun: such effects collectively. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > growth or excrescence > [noun] > foreign body or artefact foreign body1672 artefact1872 1872 G. R. Cutter tr. H. Frey Microscope & Microsc. Technol. xvii. 435 Their cylindrical gland-cells..are also quite perishable, so that one often meets with only the finely granular, nucleated contents of the tubular glands as an artefact. 1883 C. Heitzman Microsc. Morphol. Animal Body 83 When he uses the word membrane in relation to red blood-corpuscles, he means to speak of what may be called an ‘artefact’, i.e. ‘that apparent membrane which is made visible by the action of reagents’. 1899 Lancet 24 June 1687/2 Dr. Hill believes that this appearance is purely an artifact and due to the spread of the neuroplasm along the fibrils after death. 1946 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 133 462 This persisted after chloroform treatment and must be regarded as an artifact caused by capacitative coupling between the polarizing and recording leads. 1981 V. N. McIntyre Entropy Effect iv. 112 He needed time to go over his observational apparatus again, to determine if the results were merely an artifact. 1993 E. N. K. Clarkson Invertebr. Palaeontol. & Evol. (ed. 3) iii. 57/2 The change from soft bodied to shelly faunas..was an actual event, and not an artefact of the fossil record. 2007 Arch. Ophthalmol. 125 680 More crush artifact was seen with the snare than with scissors. 3. A non-material human construct. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > idea, notion, or concept > [noun] thoughtOE thingOE conceita1393 imagea1393 concept1479 conception1526 suppositiona1529 idee1542 idea1585 conceivement1599 project1600 representationa1602 notion1607 phantasma1620 conceptus1643 species1644 notice1654 revolution1675 representamen1677 vorstellung1807 brain-stuff1855 ideation1876 think1886 artefact1923 construct1933 mind1966 1923 J. A. Leighton Field of Philos. (ed. 3) xii. 182 A universal is a mental artefact, necessary for discourse. 1927 G. Murray Classical Trad. in Poetry 243 Poetry..is an ‘artifact’—I mean, it is a thing made. 1934 A. Toynbee Study of Hist. III. iii. 156 It is a mere accident..that the material tools which Man has made for himself should have a greater capacity to survive..than Man's psychic artif [a] cts. 1949 Foreign Affairs 27 384 The police power of a government cannot be a pure political artifact. 1990 Amer. Hist. Rev. 95 159/2 If this was paranoia..it was not a spontaneous cultural evolution but a deliberate political artifact. 2006 W. Maartens Mapping Reality xvi. 346 Mathematics is an extreme, human, mental artefact and never proves anything outside its own realm. B. adj. That is made or modified by human workmanship. Also: that is a result of human intervention. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > [adjective] > created or produced > contrived, artificial, or put together positivec1385 artificial?c1425 craftlya1492 wroughta1500 preparated1569 made1580 elaborate1583 elaborate1592 elaborated1596 handmade1603 arted1606 factitiousa1624 made-up1677 fictitious1686 man-madea1718 got-up1793 gotten-up1796 canned1878 artefact1909 prefabricated1935 1909 J. A. Stewart Plato's Doctr. Ideas 179 The rêverie-image of an object natural or artefact. 1913 Lancet 19 Apr. 1094/2 The components of dental sepsis and dental caries, pyorrhœa, tartar, artifact causes of sepsis, were all governed by the root-factor stagnation. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.adj.1644
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