infra-redadj.n.

/ɪnfrəˈrɛd/

Forms: Also as one word (without hyphen).

Etymology: < infra- prefix + red adj. and n.

A. adj.

1. Lying beyond the red end of the visible spectrum: the epithet of electromagnetic radiation (and of the part of the spectrum containing it) which has a wavelength greater than that of red light (about 0·7–0·8 microns) and (in modern use) less than that of the shortest microwaves (of the order of 1000 microns, i.e. 1 mm.); it is invisible, and most of the radiation from bodies below red heat is emitted in this form.

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the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > chromatism > [adjective] > infra-red

extra-red1860

infra-red1881

1881 Abney in Nature 10 Dec. 162/1 The infra-red end of the spectrum.

1896 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. I. 254 All portions of the spectrum powerfully affect the microbes except the red and the infra-red rays.

1926 Encycl. Brit. I. 946/2 Extending beyond the red end of the visible spectrum there are 9 octaves of infra-red radiation overlapping with very short Hertzian waves... A. Glacolewa-Arkadiewa..has created Hertzian waves of only 0·082 mm. in wave length.

1929 Punch's Almanack for 1930 4 Nov. p. xxxvii (advt.) These are like the health-giving rays of heat emitted by the sun—those short infra-red rays that..enfold you with their beneficial warmth.

1932 A. C. Hardy & F. H. Perrin Princ. Optics xi. 234 Photographs of landscapes taken by infrared light have the general appearance of night scenes because the sky appears dark and the high reflectance of chlorophyl gives foliage the appearance of intense local lighting... Photographs of extremely distant objects are made possible by infrared light because of its greater penetration through atmospheric haze.

1935 Practitioners Libr. Med. & Surg. VIII. i. viii. 168 Infra-red radiation..produces the sensation of heat when it comes in contact with the body. This form of radiant energy is produced..by any heated body.

1939 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 43 1012 Heating elements such as the steam radiator, which does not glow, emit infra-red energy of long wave-lengths (far infra-red). The filament lamp, like the sun, is a source of near infra-red energy. This is the portion of the spectrum which lies chiefly in the wave-lengths slightly longer than the red visible radiation.

1957 House & Garden Dec. 99 An electric Rotary Spit that automatically turns joints, steaks, chops, or poultry under penetrating infra-red heat.

a. Involving, producing, or pertaining to infra-red radiation or its use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > chromatism > [adjective] > infra-red > relating to infra-red radiation

infra-red1910

1910 Photogr. Jrnl. Oct. 320 The idea of photographing landscapes through the infra-red screen.

1910 Photogr. Jrnl. Oct. 330 In the infra-red photograph the shadows are practically black and the sky is very dark.

1929 Brit. Jrnl. Photogr. 29 Mar. 183/2 By comparing the results of ordinary photography..with those of infra-red photography.

1935 Practitioners Libr. Med. & Surg. VIII. i. viii. 169 The wavelength used in infra-red therapy is not of particular importance. It is mainly a determining factor in the penetration or the depth which the heat reaches.

1951 Mrak & Mackinney in M. B. Jacobs Chem. & Technol. Food & Food Products (ed. 2) III. xxxiii. 1787 Infrared lamps have been installed in a plant for natural dried cod to reduce the moisture from about 60 to 43%.

1954 ‘J. Christopher’ Twenty-second Cent. 197 He went through to the kitchen, switched the infra-red heater off and collected his breakfast.

1963 F. C. Webb Biochem. Engin. xvii. 482 Small catering-size infra-red heaters are in limited use for grilling.

1968 Times 9 Dec. 7/2 Infra-red galaxies..are just one of several types of cosmic objects being studied in the booming new science of infra-red astronomy.

b. Sensitive to infra-red radiation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > chromatism > [adjective] > infra-red > relating to infra-red radiation > sensitive to

infra-red1932

1932 Discovery Sept. 292/1 These infra-red plates are not as a rule made sensitive to the green and orange, although they retain their sensitivity to blue.

1938 Encycl. Brit. Bk. of Year 500/1 New films for aerial photography included a fast infra-red film.

1961 Daily Mail 20 July 6/3 Midas picks up a rocket by detecting the intense heat of its exhaust flame with an infra-red eye.

1973 Daily Tel. 11 May (Colour Suppl.) 44/3 Another student..wants the astronauts to photograph volcanoes with infra-red film which records temperature differences on the Earth rather than grades of light.

B. n. elliptical.

The infra-red part of the spectrum; near, far infra-red, the part close to, or far from, the visible spectrum.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > chromatism > [noun] > spectrum > types of

Fraunhofer spectrum1837

gas spectrum1859

interference spectrum1860

flame spectrum1862

absorption spectrum1864

fluorescence spectrum1867

band spectrum1869

comparison spectrum1877

infra-red1881

emission spectrum1888

X-ray spectrum1910

1881 London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 11 167 Experiments supposed to prove the existence of lines in the infra-red.

1887 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 376/1 Becquerel finds lines in the infra-red at 11,420.

1923 R. Glazebrook Dict. Appl. Physics IV. 533/2 Such solids as rock-salt have a very strong absorption band for light in the far infra-red.

1937 F. A. Jenkins & H. E. White Fund. Optics i. 13 On the long-wavelength side of the visible lies the infrared, which may be said to merge into the radio waves at about 4 × 10^–2 cm.

1960 Conn & Avery Infrared Methods p. v By restricting attention to the range from 1 to 25μ we have limited the interest to the ‘near infrared’ but even this embraces a range of some four to five octaves.

1966 Houghton & Smith Infra-Red Physics i. 1 The infra-red is that region of the electromagnetic spectrum which lies between the visible and microwave regions, i.e. between wavelengths of about 8000 Å (= 0·8 μ) and 1 mm.

1973 Sci. Amer. Feb. 89/2 The laser's output was in the infrared.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1976; most recently modified version published online March 2019).

单词	infra-red
释义	infra-redadj.n. /ɪnfrəˈrɛd/ Forms: Also as one word (without hyphen). Etymology: < infra- prefix + red adj. and n. A. adj. 1. Lying beyond the red end of the visible spectrum: the epithet of electromagnetic radiation (and of the part of the spectrum containing it) which has a wavelength greater than that of red light (about 0·7–0·8 microns) and (in modern use) less than that of the shortest microwaves (of the order of 1000 microns, i.e. 1 mm.); it is invisible, and most of the radiation from bodies below red heat is emitted in this form. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > chromatism > [adjective] > infra-red extra-red1860 infra-red1881 1881 Abney in Nature 10 Dec. 162/1 The infra-red end of the spectrum. 1896 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. I. 254 All portions of the spectrum powerfully affect the microbes except the red and the infra-red rays. 1926 Encycl. Brit. I. 946/2 Extending beyond the red end of the visible spectrum there are 9 octaves of infra-red radiation overlapping with very short Hertzian waves... A. Glacolewa-Arkadiewa..has created Hertzian waves of only 0·082 mm. in wave length. 1929 Punch's Almanack for 1930 4 Nov. p. xxxvii (advt.) These are like the health-giving rays of heat emitted by the sun—those short infra-red rays that..enfold you with their beneficial warmth. 1932 A. C. Hardy & F. H. Perrin Princ. Optics xi. 234 Photographs of landscapes taken by infrared light have the general appearance of night scenes because the sky appears dark and the high reflectance of chlorophyl gives foliage the appearance of intense local lighting... Photographs of extremely distant objects are made possible by infrared light because of its greater penetration through atmospheric haze. 1935 Practitioners Libr. Med. & Surg. VIII. i. viii. 168 Infra-red radiation..produces the sensation of heat when it comes in contact with the body. This form of radiant energy is produced..by any heated body. 1939 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 43 1012 Heating elements such as the steam radiator, which does not glow, emit infra-red energy of long wave-lengths (far infra-red). The filament lamp, like the sun, is a source of near infra-red energy. This is the portion of the spectrum which lies chiefly in the wave-lengths slightly longer than the red visible radiation. 1957 House & Garden Dec. 99 An electric Rotary Spit that automatically turns joints, steaks, chops, or poultry under penetrating infra-red heat. 2. a. Involving, producing, or pertaining to infra-red radiation or its use. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > chromatism > [adjective] > infra-red > relating to infra-red radiation infra-red1910 1910 Photogr. Jrnl. Oct. 320 The idea of photographing landscapes through the infra-red screen. 1910 Photogr. Jrnl. Oct. 330 In the infra-red photograph the shadows are practically black and the sky is very dark. 1929 Brit. Jrnl. Photogr. 29 Mar. 183/2 By comparing the results of ordinary photography..with those of infra-red photography. 1935 Practitioners Libr. Med. & Surg. VIII. i. viii. 169 The wavelength used in infra-red therapy is not of particular importance. It is mainly a determining factor in the penetration or the depth which the heat reaches. 1951 Mrak & Mackinney in M. B. Jacobs Chem. & Technol. Food & Food Products (ed. 2) III. xxxiii. 1787 Infrared lamps have been installed in a plant for natural dried cod to reduce the moisture from about 60 to 43%. 1954 ‘J. Christopher’ Twenty-second Cent. 197 He went through to the kitchen, switched the infra-red heater off and collected his breakfast. 1963 F. C. Webb Biochem. Engin. xvii. 482 Small catering-size infra-red heaters are in limited use for grilling. 1968 Times 9 Dec. 7/2 Infra-red galaxies..are just one of several types of cosmic objects being studied in the booming new science of infra-red astronomy. b. Sensitive to infra-red radiation. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > chromatism > [adjective] > infra-red > relating to infra-red radiation > sensitive to infra-red1932 1932 Discovery Sept. 292/1 These infra-red plates are not as a rule made sensitive to the green and orange, although they retain their sensitivity to blue. 1938 Encycl. Brit. Bk. of Year 500/1 New films for aerial photography included a fast infra-red film. 1961 Daily Mail 20 July 6/3 Midas picks up a rocket by detecting the intense heat of its exhaust flame with an infra-red eye. 1973 Daily Tel. 11 May (Colour Suppl.) 44/3 Another student..wants the astronauts to photograph volcanoes with infra-red film which records temperature differences on the Earth rather than grades of light. B. n. elliptical. The infra-red part of the spectrum; near, far infra-red, the part close to, or far from, the visible spectrum. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > chromatism > [noun] > spectrum > types of Fraunhofer spectrum1837 gas spectrum1859 interference spectrum1860 flame spectrum1862 absorption spectrum1864 fluorescence spectrum1867 band spectrum1869 comparison spectrum1877 infra-red1881 emission spectrum1888 X-ray spectrum1910 1881 London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 11 167 Experiments supposed to prove the existence of lines in the infra-red. 1887 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 376/1 Becquerel finds lines in the infra-red at 11,420. 1923 R. Glazebrook Dict. Appl. Physics IV. 533/2 Such solids as rock-salt have a very strong absorption band for light in the far infra-red. 1937 F. A. Jenkins & H. E. White Fund. Optics i. 13 On the long-wavelength side of the visible lies the infrared, which may be said to merge into the radio waves at about 4 × 10^–2 cm. 1960 Conn & Avery Infrared Methods p. v By restricting attention to the range from 1 to 25μ we have limited the interest to the ‘near infrared’ but even this embraces a range of some four to five octaves. 1966 Houghton & Smith Infra-Red Physics i. 1 The infra-red is that region of the electromagnetic spectrum which lies between the visible and microwave regions, i.e. between wavelengths of about 8000 Å (= 0·8 μ) and 1 mm. 1973 Sci. Amer. Feb. 89/2 The laser's output was in the infrared. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1976; most recently modified version published online March 2019). < adj.n.1881
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