independentadj.n.
/ˌɪndᵻˈpɛnd(ə)nt/, U.S. /ˌɪndəˈpɛndənt/ Not dependent.
A. adj.
1.
a. Not depending upon the authority of another, not in a position of subordination or subjection; not subject to external control or rule; self-governing, autonomous, free.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > independence > [adjective]
unlamed1508
exempt1552
absolute1596
independent1612
untutored1641
undepending1649
1612 H. Jacob Declar. Christes True Church 13 [Each congregation is] an entire and independent body-politic, endued with power immediately under and from Christ.
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxix. 172 It is not one independent Common-wealth, but three independent Factions.
1774 J. Bryant New Syst. II. 40 Attica..was divided into..independant hamlets.
1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. viii. 84 An independant workman, such as a weaver or shoemaker. View more context for this quotation
1882 E. R. Pitman Mission Life in Greece 37 In 1829, Greece was acknowledged as an independent state, having its own king and government.
1885 J. Martineau Types Ethical Theory II. 10 The theory of an autonomous or independent conscience.
b. Const. of (formerly on, upon, from).
ΚΠ
1651 T. Hobbes Philos. Rudim. xv. §18. 258 An opinion, that there is any man endued with a Soveraignty independent from God.
1680 R. Morden Geogr. Rectified (1685) 15 These Islands..were first possessed by divers People, independent one upon the other.
1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 489 The Town of St. Gaul, is a little Protestant Republick, wholly independent of the Abbot.
1776 Amherst Rec. (1884) 70/1 Voted—That should the Honourable Congress, for the safety of the united Colonies in America: Declare them Independant of the Kingdom of Great-Britain; We..solemnly engage with our lives and fortunes to support them in the measure.
1785 T. Balguy Disc. Various Subj. 115 It has been said..that the church is independent on the state.
2. (with capital I.) Belonging or adhering to that form of ecclesiastical polity called independency n. 2: = congregational adj. 3.Also applied to that political party in the 17th century of which the Independent churches formed the chief element.
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society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Presbyterianism > Presbyterian sects and groups > [adjective] > Congregational
independent1612
Brownistical1636
congregational1639
independentish1655
Congregationalist1692
1612 [see sense A. 1a].
1642 T. Lechford Plain Dealing 79 The Congregationall independent government, whereof I have had some experience.
1653 W. Dell Tryal of Spirits 82 Sydrach Simpson, one of the first Pastors of an Independant Congregation in England.
1660 R. Coke Elements Power & Subjection 262 in Justice Vindicated The Army, commanded by Oliver Cromwell, turned out the Rump of the Long Parliament which headed the Independent party.
1676 W. Hubbard Happiness of People 35 Why else doe wee in New England..practise the discipline of them called Independant, or Congregational Churches?
1689 R. Milward Selden's Table-talk 25 Both the Independant man, and the Presbyterian man do equally exclude the Civil Power, though after a different manner.
1703 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion II. viii. 465 The Independent Party (for so they were now [1645] contented to be call'd, in opposition to the other which was styled Presbyterian).
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 494. ¶1 A very famous Independent Minister.
1766 J. Entick Surv. London in New Hist. London IV. 8 There is an Independent meeting-house.
1831 (title) Declaration of the Faith, Order and Discipline of the Congregational or Independent Dissenters.
1872 G. H. Curteis Bampton Lect. ii. 40 The Independent system does not concern itself with either Ritual or Doctrine.
3. Not depending on something else for its existence, validity, efficiency, operation, or some other attribute; not contingent on or conditioned by anything else.
a. Const. as in sense A. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > non-relation > [adjective] > independent
substantivec1400
independing1604
self-contained1605
independent1614
self-centred1661
self-centring1695
self-existent1782
self-containing1826
1614 T. Jackson Third Bk. Comm. Apostles Creede iii. xxix. §6 His faith [is] no otherwise independent of any externall proposall then ours is.
1646 H. Lawrence Of Communion & Warre with Angels 73 The will is independent upon all created power, both in its operation and in its being.
1659 J. Pearson Expos. Creed (1682) I. 31 A Being of itself and independent from any other.
1692 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. iii. 4 An incorporeal Substance independent from Matter.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 54. ⁋1 Beauty and Merit are Things real, and independent on Taste and Opinion.
1773 J. Priestley Inst. Relig. II. 89 They cannot be considered as independent of one another.
1790 W. Paley Horæ Paulinæ i. ⁋13 The instances are independent of one another.
1814 J. Playfair Outl. Nat. Philos. II. ii. vii. 323 This is quite independent of the figure of the Earth, and would be the same though the Earth were truly spherical.
1885 S. Cox Expos. 1st Ser. ix. 107 An argument..wholly independent of the teaching of the Scripture.
b. simply. Not depending upon the existence or action of others, or of each other; existing, acting, conducted, or obtained in a way apart from and unaffected by others, as independent action, independent inquiry, independent investigation, independent conclusion, independent results, independent account, independent record, independent information, independent evidence; independent suspension; also of the agent, as independent investigator, independent observer, independent witness, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > non-relation > [adjective] > independent or unaffected
independent1790
1790 W. Paley Horæ Paulinæ i. ⁋6 No danger of confounding the production with original history, or of mistaking it for an independent authority.
1790 W. Paley Horæ Paulinæ iv. No. iv It is the junction of two conclusions, deduced from independent sources.
1790 W. Paley Horæ Paulinæ v. No. ii Two records..manifestly independent, that is manifestly written without any participation of intelligence.
1865 J. Earle Two Saxon Chron. Introd. 37 Some of the independent entries of C countenance its Abingdon origin.
1865 J. Earle Two Saxon Chron. 45 Other independent annals about the same date, e.g. 1031, 1032, 1043, argue the presence of such a source.
1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. vi. 510 Something is proved when two independent narratives agree.
1872 H. Watts Dict. Chem. II. 779 Scheeler's investigation..comprised another independent discovery of oxygen gas.
1879 J. A. H. Murray Synopsis Horæ Paul. 10 Here four independent witnesses, none of which give all the facts, confirm and supplement each other.
1879 J. A. H. Murray Synopsis Horæ Paul. 14 Have we any independent information connecting Erastus with Corinth?
1885 P. G. Tait Properties of Matter iii. §33 Air is made up of separate and independent particles.
a1900 Mod. An independent inquiry has been instituted by the Local Board of Health. The work is the result of independent research.
1930 Engineering 7 Feb. 162/3 A special chapter on independent suspension systems.
1963 R. F. Webb Motorists' Dict. 135 Independent suspension, a form of suspension where each wheel is completely independent of the others and no connecting axle beams are used.
1973 Country Life 15 Dec. 1581/2 For absolute comfort and stability at very high speeds there is all round independent suspension.
c. Often used adverbially in independent of (†on, †from) = Independently of, apart from, without regard to, irrespective of.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > non-relation > [adverb] > independently > independently of
without regard to (also for, of )?1530
without reference to1600
on (also upon) one's own account1609
independently1659
independent of (on, from)1690
1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iii. v. 202 Put together in the Mind, independent from any original Patterns in Nature.
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. ii. 311 Independent of that attachment which all mankind have ever shown to the places of their birth..there were few countries more worthy to be regretted.
a1871 G. Grote Fragm. Ethical Subj. (1876) i. 20 We pursue the one and avoid the other quite independent of regard to the feelings of others.
d. Of one of a set of equations, axioms, or quantities in respect of the others: incapable of being expressed in terms of, or of being derived or deduced from, the others; hence applied to a set of axioms, etc., all of which have this property; linearly independent, (of each of a set of equations or quantities) incapable of being expressed as a linear combination of the others, i.e. satisfying no relation of the form a1x1+ a2x2+ …+ anxn = o (where xi are the quantities and ai arbitrary constants) unless a1 = a2 =…= an = o.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > mathematics > [adjective] > relating to mathematical enquiry
canonical1738
independenta1739
algorithmic1799
irreflexive1890
uninterpreted1898
consistent1928
polynomial time1972
the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [adjective] > relating to expressions > relating to equations > systems of
holonomous1899
consistent1902
holonomic1904
linearly independent1959
a1739 N. Saunderson Elements Algebra (1740) I. ii. 105 If a problem be justly proposed, it ought to have as many independent conditions..as there are unknown quantities to be discovered by them.
1798 J. Wood Elem. Algebra (ed. 2) 73 These equations must also be independent, that is, not deducible one from another.
1875 Encycl. Brit. I. 541/1 A problem is limited when the conditions furnish just as many independent equations as there are unknown quantities to be determined: if there be fewer, the problem is indeterminate; but if there be more, the problem in general admits of no solution.
1885 A. R. Forsyth Treat. Differential Equations v. 152 We have now obtained the complete integral of Legendre's equation in all cases when n is a real constant, by deducing two integrals which are linearly independent..of one another.
1902 Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 3 142 Hilbert states..that his body of axioms consists of independent axioms, that is, that no one of the axioms is logically deducible from the remaining axioms.
1931 L. J. Rouse College Algebra v. 69 The equations 2x + y = 5 and x − y = 4 cannot be reduced to the same form and are therefore independent.
1941 O. Helmer tr. A. Tarski Introd. Logic §39. 131 We strive to arrive at an axiom system which does not contain a single superfluous statement..which can be derived from the remaining axioms... An axiom system of this kind is called independent (or a system of mutually independent axioms).
1944 A. Church Introd. Math. Logic I. i. 25 An axiom of a logistic system is said to be independent if, in the system whose axioms and rules consist of all axioms and rules of the original system except that one, the suppressed axiom is not a theorem.
1959 G. James & R. C. James Math. Dict. (ed. 2) 107/1 The numbers 3 and π are linearly independent with respect to rational numbers, since a1·3 + a2·π can not be zero if a1 and a2 are rational numbers, not both zero. Since −1·3 + (3/π)π = 0, 3 and π are linearly dependent with respect to real numbers.
1961 J. L. Powell & B. Crasemann Quantum Mech. v. 117 Two solutions of Eq. (5–47) (or, more generally, any two functions of x) are linearly independent if the equation C1ψ1 + C2ψ2 = 0 cannot be satisfied identically in x for any choice of the constants C1 and C2 except C1 = C2 = 0.
1961 J. L. Powell & B. Crasemann Quantum Mech. v. 118 To linearly independent solutions, ψ1 and ψ2, are a complete set in the sense that every solution of Eq. (5–47) can be expressed as a linear combination of ψ1 and ψ2.
1965 G. E. Hughes & D. G. Londey Elements Formal Logic xviii. 132 Since A4 is non-independent, the axiom set for PM could be reduced by one. But no further reduction of this sort is possible; neither A1 nor A2 nor A3 nor A5 is a consequence of the other three under Substitution and Detachment, and these four are therefore said to be independent axioms.
4. Not dependent or having to rely on another for support or supplies.in extended use.1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 409 A dry but independent crust, hard earned And eaten with a sigh.
a. Const. as in sense A. 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > independence > [adjective] > self-sufficient
suffisanta1340
sufficient for (to) oneself1382
substantive1543
self-suffisant1589
self-sufficient1596
self-sustaining1598
self-contained1605
self-subsisting1608
self-supporting1632
self-dependent1642
self-full1642
self-subsistent1646
self-sufficing1647
self-relying1648
self-depending1669
independent1670
self-sustained1675
unbenefitable1688
self-sufficed1709
self-supported1736
self-containing1826
self-reliant1834
autarkic1883
1670 R. Coke Disc. Trade Pref. sig. B While other Creatures live free and Independent from one another, only Man stands in need and help of another.
a1788 N. Cotton Fables, Bee, Ant & Spar. Who..Are independent of the great, Nor know the wants of pride and state.
1837 E. Bulwer-Lytton Ernest Maltravers I. i. xii. 121 He was thus made independent of his father.
1880 J. H. Shorthouse John Inglesant (1883) ii. 18 His father had left him so considerable a fortune that he was independent of any profession.
b. simply. (a) Not dependent on any one else for one's living; (b) not needing to earn one's livelihood; possessing a competency.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > independence > [adjective] > self-sufficient > not dependent on another for a living
self-sufficient1596
independent1729
self-governing1845
the mind > possession > wealth > [adjective] > well-off
wellc1405
sufficient1436
full?1483
suffisant1484
beina1525
warmc1571
well-breeched1571
meaned1605
well-meaned1605
well-lined1611
substanced?1614
well-circumstanced1643
forehanded1658
uppish1678
easy1701
brownstone1780
forehand1784
solid1788
well-to-do1794
snug1801
strong farmer1802
well-fixed1822
unindigent1830
well off1842
fixed1844
comfortably offc1850
heeled1871
well-heeled1871
well in1888
independent1893
1729 W. Law Serious Call x. 142 He has chosen to be idle and independent in the world.
1786 R. Burns Poems 179 Gather gear by ev'ry wile, That's justify'd by Honor..for the glorious priviledge Of being independant.
1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 8 He was really independent, because he had learned how to support himself either by the labours of his head or of his hands.
1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre II. ii. 26 She [a servant] has saved enough to keep her independent if she liked to leave.
1893 Westm. Gaz. 10 Apr. 5/2 A room occupied by an independent elderly gentleman.
c. transferred. Sufficient to make one independent; constituting a competency.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > wealth > wealth or riches > [adjective] > sufficient to make one independent
independent?1790
?1790 J. Imison School of Arts (ed. 2) 215 The prices..being..out of the reach of any, but such as are possessed of independent fortunes.
1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxxiii. 369 A gentleman of considerable independent property.
1885 Daily News 3 Oct. 4/6 A person of independent means.
5.
a. Not depending on others for the formation of opinions or guidance of conduct; not influenced or biased by the opinions of others; thinking or acting, or disposed to think or act, for oneself. (Of persons, their dispositions, etc.)
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > independence > [adjective] > not influenced by others
self-lived1642
self-governed1709
self-guided1733
independent1735
uninfluenced1735
sole1747
go-alone1807
autonomic1810
maverick1886
go-it-alone1895
1735 Visct. Bolingbroke Diss. upon Parties (ed. 2) 9 On this Foundation all the reasonable, independent Whigs and Tories unite.
1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 110 I believed there was not a more independent and incorruptible member in the house.
1796 R. Burns Honest Man vi. 3 The man of independent mind, Can look and laugh at a' that.
1849 R. Cobden Speeches 52 An independent and energetic man who will vote as he pleases.
1852 N. Hawthorne Blithedale Romance xix. 197 A person capable of taking an independent stand.
1861 ‘G. Eliot’ Silas Marner i. 22 This would have been an effort of independent thought such as he had never known.
1889 Daily News 28 June 5/2 Perhaps the best bon-mot attributed to the late Lord Derby is his definition of an independent politician as ‘a politician who cannot be depended on’.
b. Used in the names of various political or other parties, as Independent Republicans (U.S.: see B. 2b); Independent Labour Party (abbrev. I.L.P.: see I n.1 Initialisms): the title of the political organization founded at Bradford in January 1893 by James Keir Hardie as an offshoot of the Social Democratic Federation, for the support of parliamentary candidates of approved socialistic views; originally as opposed to the Conservative and Liberal parties, later distinct from the Labour Party; also in the names of newspapers, as the Cambridge Independent Press.
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society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > British party politics > [noun] > Labourism > Labour Party > Independent Labour Party
Independent Labour Party1888
I.L.P.1893
1888 Scottish Labour Party Manifesto in Socialist Rev. (1914) Apr. 116 The formation of a distinct, separate, and Independent Labour Party.
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXII. 668/2 Attempts had been made to influence politics directly by means of an Independent Labour Party..which bound itself to support only candidates of sound socialist views.
1922 Encycl. Brit. XXXII. 507/1 The Labour party..included the Independent Labour party and the Fabian Society and one or two smaller Socialist bodies.
1953 D. E. Butler Electoral Syst. in Brit. ii. v. 154 The total of 5 [members of parliament from outside the three major parties] for 1935 is made up of 4 Independent Labour Party members from Glasgow—where a substantial part of the Labour party had split away—and 1 Communist.
1955 Times 24 May 14/3 An election manifesto issued last night by the Independent Labour Party reaffirms the party's belief that workers' control ‘is an essential part of Socialism’.
1971 D. E. Butler & M. Pinto-Duschinsky Brit. Gen. Election of 1970 v. 112 The failure of those other traditional spokesmen of the left, the Independent Labour party and the Socialist Party of Great Britain, was still more complete.
c. Also (with some colouring of 4), Refusing to be under obligation to others; having a self-respect which declines unearned assistance.
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society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > independence > [adjective] > self-sufficient > refusing obligation to others
independent1900
1900 N.E.D. at Independent Mod. The widow has a hard struggle, but is very independent, and refuses all pecuniary aid. He is too independent to accept as a favour what he cannot earn by his own exertions.
d. Of schools: receiving no grant from the government and not subject to the control of a local authority.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > place of education > school > [adjective] > charging fees
private1574
fee-charging1897
non-provided1904
independent1944
1944 Act 7 & 8 Geo. VI c. 31 §70 The Minister shall appoint one of his officers to be Registrar of Independent (i.e. private) Schools.
1957 Encycl. Brit. VII. 989/1 The Independent Schools association..; its official publication is the Independent School.
1966 Rep. Comm. Inq. (Univ. of Oxf.) II. 45 Independent schools are subdivided into independent boarding and independent day schools according to whether the majority of pupils were boarders or day pupils.
e. Independent Television (Authority) (abbrev. I.T.A., I.T.V.: see I n.1 Initialisms): a corporation, independent of direct government control, engaged in commercial television broadcasting in Great Britain; also, the channel carrying their programmes; renamed in 1972 the Independent Broadcasting Authority (abbrev. I.B.A.: see I n.1 Initialisms), and widened to include commercial radio broadcasting.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > broadcasting > broadcasting service > [noun] > broadcasting company
B.B.C.1923
British Broadcasting Corporation1926
C.B.S.1930
ABC1931
Portland Place1937
Independent Broadcasting Authority1954
ORTF1964
PBS1969
I.B.A.1971
LBC1973
society > communication > broadcasting > television > [noun] > organization or service
television station1926
television network1930
TV station1945
TV network1947
channel1952
Independent Television (Authority)1954
I.T.A.1955
I.T.V.1958
side1961
Channel 41964
MTV1981
1954 Act 2 & 3 Eliz. II c. 55 §1 There shall be an authority, to be called the Independent Television Authority..whose function shall be to provide, in accordance with the provisions of this Act, and for the period of ten years from the passing of this Act, television broadcasting services, additional to those of the British Broadcasting Corporation.
1958 Times Lit. Suppl. 15 Aug. p. xl/1 This brings sharply into the picture the B.B.C.'s rival, Independent Television.
1959 Chambers's Encycl. XI. 349/2 (heading) Independent Television Authority.
1959 Chambers's Encycl. XI. 349/2 This corporation is controlled by directors appointed by the government and leases facilities to privately financed companies, which draw their revenues from advertisements.
1960 B.B.C. Handbk. 165 The Postmaster General issued a broadcasting licence, for television only, at a later stage to the Independent Television Authority, which was set up under the Television Act of 1954.
1971 Guardian 12 Nov. 1/8 The Sound Broadcasting Bill..authorises the new stations under the control of the Independent Television Authority—renamed the Independent Broadcasting Authority... The IBA could be advanced up to £2 millions to set up the services.
1973 Times 13 Dec. 4/5 The Independent Broadcasting Authority will hold meetings today..about advertising which will be lost as a result of the shorter hours of transmission announced yesterday.
1973 Times 15 Dec. 2 BBC and independent television agreed last night to spread their closing hours.
6.
a. Mathematics. Not depending upon another for its value. independent variable n. a quantity whose variation does not depend on that of another.
ΚΠ
1852 I. Todhunter Diff. Calculus i. §1 Frequently when we are considering two or more variables it is in our power to fix upon whichever we please as the independent variable.
1873 B. Williamson Elem. Treat. Differential Calculus (ed. 2) i. §2 [If u, v, w, be functions of x], x is said to be the independent variable, to which any value may be assigned at pleasure; and u, v, w, are called dependent variables, as their values depend on that of x.
1892 J. Edwards Differential Calculus i. §5 An Independent variable is one which may take up any arbitrary value that may be assigned to it.
b. independent float n. in Critical Path Analysis, the amount of ‘float’ or leeway in any one activity which can occur without affecting the timing of the whole operation.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > spending time > [noun] > amount of spare time for an activity
independent float1963
total float1964
1963 R. E. McGarrah Production & Logistics Managem. viii. 211 ‘Independent float’ pertains to those non~critical activities whose leeway is not affected by the starting or completion time of its preceding or succeeding activities.
1964 K. G. Lockyer Introd. Crit. Path Anal. v. 48 Independent float, the time by which an activity can expand without affecting any other activity either previous or subsequent.
1967 A. Battersby Network Anal. (ed. 2) App. iv. 335 Independent float is so called because it is what remains if all proceeding jobs finish as late as possible and all succeeding jobs begin as early as possible.
1967 S. Woodgate in G. Wills & Yearsley Handbk. Managem. Technol. 80 Independent float is the minimum spare time available under any condition, i.e. either early or late.
1968 Gloss. Terms Project Network Analysis (B.S.I.) 8 Independent float, earliest date of succeeding event minus latest date of preceding event minus activity duration. (If negative, the independent float is taken as zero.)
B. n.
1. An adherent of Independency; a member or adherent of an Independent church; a Congregationalist.Also Historical a member of the Independent party in the 17th century: see A. 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Presbyterianism > Presbyterian sects and groups > [noun] > Congregationalist > person
Brownist1583
Barrowist1589
independent1644
Congregationer1654
congregational1655
Congregationist1660
Congregationalist1692
1644 (title) Apologetical Narration of the Independents.
1646 in Hamilton Pap. (1880) 113 Cheesely says the Independents intend not to demaund the King.
1692 J. Washington tr. J. Milton Def. People Eng. Pref. They that we call independents..hold, that no classes or synods have a superiority over any particular church.
1710 R. Steele & J. Addison Tatler No. 257. ⁋12 Camaronians, Muggletonians, Brownists, Independents, Masonites, Camisars, and the like.
1870 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Gleanings II. 74 In modern times the credit of being the first to advocate the doctrine of toleration must be shared between the Independents and Quakers.
1884 Stoughton Relig. in Eng. I. 236 The old historic name of Independent began [at the beginning of the 19th century] to be merged in that of Congregationalist.
2.
a. A person or thing that is independent (in various senses). nonce-uses.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > [noun] > independent or self-existence > one who has independent or self-existence
self-essence1548
beer1587
self-being1587
noun substantive1592
independent1675
1675 J. Ogilby Britannia Pref. 2 Roads we have divided into Independants, such as commence actually at London [etc.].
1742 E. Young Complaint: Night the Second 23 That awful Independent on To-morrow!..Whose Yesterdays look backwards with a Smile.
1886 Daily News 4 June 5/2 There is a school of independents in domestic service, as there is in literature.
b. A person who acts (in politics, art, etc.) independently of any organized party; also, a member of any organized party called Independent (see A. 5b).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > [noun] > non-party positions > person
independent1808
indifferentist1817
freelance1854
straddle-bug1872
maverick1880
mugwump1884
1808 Z. M. Pike Acct. Exped. Sources Mississippi (1810) iii. App. 50 Twenty thousand auxiliaries from the United States..joined to the independents of the country [Texas].
1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. II. lvi. 379 The Independent Republicans..Independents, or Mugwumps.
1896 A. Hillier in Daily News 16 Jan. 6/3 If later painters arrived at more harmonious results..the Independents have still the glory of being the bold hussars of the vanguard, the Jacobins of the revolution in art which has since been accomplished throughout all Europe.
c. A frequent name of a newspaper, as the New York Independent (cf. A. 5b).
ΚΠ
1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) xiii. 121 That disgraceful and dastardly journal, the [Eatanswill] Independent.
1855 W. M. Thackeray Newcomes II. xvii. 166 He endeavoured to be civil to the ‘Newcome Independent’..as well as to the ‘Newcome Sentinel’.
Compounds
C1.
ΚΠ
1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxviii. 292 A kind, excellent, independent-spirited..man.
1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 143 A certain independent-minded young lady friend.
C2.
independent seconds watch n. (also independent seconds) see quots.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > instruments for measuring time > watch > [noun] > particular types of watch
German watch1611
larum watch1619
clock-watch1625
minute watch1660
pendulum watch1664
watch1666
alarm watch1669
finger watch1679
string-watch1686
scout1688
balance-watch1690
hour-watch1697
warming-pan1699
minute pendulum watch1705
jewel watch1711
suit1718
repeater1725
Tompion1727
pendulum spring1728
second-watch1755
Geneva watch1756
cylinder-watch1765
watch-paper1777
ring watch1788
verge watch1792
watch lamp1823
hack1827
bull's-eye1833
vertical watch1838
quarter-repeater1840
turnip1840
hunting-watch1843
minute repeater1843
hunter1851
job watch1851
Geneva1852
watch-lining1856
touch watch1860
musical watch1864
lever1865
neep1866
verge1871
independent seconds watch1875
stem-winder1875
demi-hunter1884
fob-watch1884
three-quarter plate1884
wrist-watch1897
turnip-watch1898
sedan-chair watch1904
Rolex1922
Tank watch1923
strap watch1926
chatelaine watch1936
sedan clock1950
quartz watch1969
pulsar1970
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1179/1 Independent seconds-watch, a watch in which the action of the center seconds-hand is independent of the regular going works of the watch... For great nicety in timing, quarter and fifth second watches are now made.
1962 E. Bruton Dict. Clocks & Watches 93 Independent seconds, clock or watch with seconds hand..which jumps from one second to the next, i.e. it is dead beat.
Independent Day n. = Independence Day at independence n. Compounds.
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the world > time > particular time > an anniversary > [noun] > of battles, wars, treaties, etc.
day of truce1486
Evil May Dayc1590
Bonfire Night1661
Pope Day1769
Pope Night1773
the Fourth (of July)1779
Town Taking Day1788
Independence Day1791
Independent Day1803
Guy Fawkes day1825
Bastille Day1837
Trafalgar Day1837
Turkey Day1870
Canada Day1882
Juneteenth1890
flag-day1894
Patriots' Day1894
Remembrance Day1895
twelfth1896
Quatorze Juillet1899
quatorze1915
Armistice Day1918
Poppy Day1921
Remembrance Sunday1925
VJ-day1944
Commonwealth Day1958
1803 E. S. Bowne Girl's Life Eighty Years Ago (1888) 161 We are in expectation of great entertainment on fourth of July—Independent day! as they laugh at us Yankees for calling it.
1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxxi Monday, July 4th. This was ‘independent day’ in Boston.
Derivatives
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society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Presbyterianism > Presbyterian sects and groups > [adjective] > Congregational > organized according to
congregated1653
independented1659
congregate1680
1659 J. Gauden Ἱερα Δακρυα 43 The new titles..of bodyed and congregated, associated or independented and new-fangled Churches.
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society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Presbyterianism > Presbyterian sects and groups > [adjective] > Congregational
independent1612
Brownistical1636
congregational1639
independentish1655
Congregationalist1692
1655 R. Baillie Disswasive Vindic. 44 Presbyterian water, exceedingly weakened with Independentish ingredients.
Draft additions December 2004
independent assortment n. Genetics the random distribution of chromosomes or genes to the gametes during meiosis, provided the chromosomes or genes are not linked; cf. law of independent assortment n. at law n.1 Additions.
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1913 T. H. Morgan Heredity & Sex iii. 88 This result works out on the assumption that there is independent assortment of the original determiners that entered into the combination.
1962 R. P. Levine Genetics ix. 115 Gene recombination among the sexually reproducing nucleate organisms can occur as a result of both independent assortment and crossing over.
1993 Genetics 134 387 A simple monohybrid cross to explore dominance and recessiveness, a dihybrid cross to demonstrate independent assortment, [etc.].
Draft additions March 2004
independent contractor n. a person or company providing a service or goods on a contractual basis, and not regarded as the legal responsibility of those with whom the contract is made, or formally accorded employee status.
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society > occupation and work > worker > employer > [noun] > contractor
undertaker1602
contractor1724
mail contractor1821
lumper1851
independent contractor1857
1857 N.Y. Times 19 Dec. 3/4 Tucker was an independent contractor, and the defendants are not liable for his acts.
1951 W. G. Friedmann Law & Social Change in Contemp. Brit. iv. 99 Certain defences, like common employment, have disappeared, and others are becoming steadily more difficult, e.g., non-liability for an independent contractor,.., or the selection of adequate supervisors.
2003 Charleston (W. Va.) Gaz. (Nexis) 30 June a4 The strip club owners, however, are ducking their responsibilities by claiming their dancers are independent contractors instead of employees.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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adj.n.1612