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单词 infra-
释义

infra-prefix

Primary stress is usually maintained by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.
representing Latin infrā adv. and prep. ‘below, underneath, beneath’ (in medieval Latin also ‘within’), used in numerous recent formations, chiefly adjectival.This use of infra- is scarcely a Latin one, though infrāforānus ‘situated beneath the forum’ occurs in an inscription (Lewis and Short), and infrāmūrāneus ‘lying within the walls’ in Gregory of Tours (Du Cange). Its recent employment is after the analogy of other prepositions; it is regularly opposed to supra-, sometimes to super-: the second element ought strictly to be one of Latin origin; but it is not always so.
1. In prepositional relation to the noun represented in second element.
a. Denoting ‘below’, ‘beneath’ (i.e. ‘lower down than’) in respect of local situation or position. Chiefly in terms which are the adjectival representatives of phrases in which Latin infrā would be followed by a noun in the accusative, e.g. infra-axillary ‘that is infrā axillam, below the axilla or axil’; infra-mammary, ‘that is infrā mammās, below the breasts’. The majority of these are anatomical terms. In a few cases the second element appears to be a noun, as infraclavicle. More rarely infra- is simply prefixed to an adjective, as inframedian, infra-red.
b. Denoting ‘below’, ‘beneath’ in respect of status or condition, as infrabestial ‘lower than bestial’, ‘beneath the brutes’. In these, infra- seems to be directly prefixed to an adjective.
c. Denoting ‘within’ (as in medieval Latin), as inframercurial, -territorial (see these words below): here the formation is as in sense 1a.
2. In attributive or adverbial relation to the second element: ‘lower’, ‘inferior’, ‘under-’, as infraconstrictor, infraposition, etc. Such compounds can be formed at will when required; the following are the principal ones in use. For the etymology of the second element see the simple words axillary adj., bestial adj., cortical adj., etc.In most of these compounds, practice varies as to the use of the hyphen; the hyphen is usual when the compound is new, or more or less of a nonce-word, e.g. infra-red, infra-human, infra-natural; but it is usually omitted in recognized terms, as inframaxillary, infrascapular, except when the following element begins with a vowel, as in infra-axillary, infra-inguinal, infra-orbital. It may however be used for the nonce, whenever emphasis is placed either on the prefix, or on the composite character of the word.
infra-aˈxillary adj. Obsolete (a) Anatomy lying below the axilla or armpit; (b) Botany situated below the axil of a leaf or branch.
Π
1858 A. Gray Introd. Struct. & Systematic Bot. 537/1 Infra-axillary: originating below the axil.
1862 H. W. Fuller On Dis. Chest 4 The infra-axillary [region] has the axillary region for its upper, and the edges of the false ribs for its lower boundary.
† infra-ˈannuated adj. [ < Latin annus year: compare superannuated adj.] Obsolete below the proper age, too young.
ΘΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > age > [adjective] > younger than an age > too young for
infra-annuated1650
1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine v. Ep. Ded. 140 I know it will be objected, that your Lordship is infraannuated to be the Patron of a Book in the strict acception thereof.
infra-atomic adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəəˈtɒmɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəəˈtɑmɪk/
subatomic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > atomic chemistry > [adjective] > subatomic
subatomic1874
infra-atomic1923
leptonic1957
1923 J. S. Huxley Ess. Biologist i. 55 The infra-atomic world of electrons.
1966 I. Asimov Fantastic Voy. viii. 90 It was not merely radioactivity that had to be sensed, but radioactive particles that had themselves been miniaturized; and that, because of their incredibly tiny, infra-atomic size could pass through any ordinary sensor without affecting it.
infrabasal n.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈbeɪsl/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈbeɪs(ə)l/
,
/ˌɪnfrəˈbeɪz(ə)l/
Zoology any of a series of plates forming a ring beneath the basals in crinoids; also as adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Echinodermata > [noun] > division Pelmatozoa > class Crinoidea > member of > parts of > plate beneath basals
infrabasal1890
1890 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 5 318 The atrophy of infrabasals is we see a very gradual process.
1890 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 5 318 The distinction between an infrabasal ring of 5 plates and one of 3, is of far inferior importance.
1894 W. Bateson Study of Variation 437 Sphærocrinus geometricus: abnormal specimen having the basal plate irregularly six-sided by reason of the flattening of the external angle of an infra-basal piece.
1962 D. Nichols Echinoderms ii. 22 In some forms an additional whorl, the infrabasals, is intercalated between the basals and the centro-dorsal.
infra-bass n.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈbeɪs/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈbeɪs/
Music = sub-bass n. (1909 in Cent. Dict. Suppl.); also transferred.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > harmony or sounds in combination > [noun] > part in harmony or counterpoint > other parts
counter-notec1380
organa1382
pricksong1495
counterpoint1530
cant organ?1553
diapason1594
counter-tune1605
contrapart1660
counterpart1706
free part1782
organum1782
sub-bass1839
counter-melody1931
countersubject1947
infra-bass1958
voice1967
1958 J. Blish Case of Conscience (1959) ii. x. 104 The infrabass of the buried city's thunder shook the glass in front of him.
infrabestial adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈbɛstɪəl/
,
/ˌɪnfrəˈbɛstʃl/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈbistʃ(ə)l/
,
/ˌɪnfrəˈbistiəl/
,
/ˌɪnfrəˈbɛstʃ(ə)l/
,
/ˌɪnfrəˈbɛstiəl/
lower than the beasts.
Π
1888 J. Rickaby Moral Philos. 267 Writers who..picture primitive mankind as living in this infrabestial state.
Categories »
infrabranchial adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈbraŋkɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈbræŋkiəl/
Zoology situated below the branchiæ or gills ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon 1886).
infrabuccal adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈbʌkl/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈbək(ə)l/
situated below the buccal mass (of a mollusc).
infracalicular adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəkəˈlɪkjᵿlə/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəkəˈlɪkjələr/
below the calyx.
Π
1897 Philos. Trans. 1896 (Royal Soc.) B. 187 165 Buds may form at any part of this extension, but then they are otherwise named—infracalicular, stolonal, cœnenchymal, etc.
Categories »
infracephalic adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəsᵻˈfalɪk/
,
/ˌɪnfrəkɛˈfalɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəsəˈfælɪk/
Anatomy situated below the head ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon).
infra-Christian adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈkrɪstʃ(ə)n/
,
/ˌɪnfrəˈkrɪstjən/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈkrɪstʃən/
somewhat less than Christian.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > sect > Christianity > [adjective] > less than
infra-Christian1906
1906 W. R. Inge Truth & Falsehood in Relig. ii. 63 It is not justifiable to take examples of infra-Christian survivals in Christianity, and use them to discredit the religion of Christ.
1917 J. Denney Christian Doctr. Reconciliation ii. 51 As an infra-Christian mode of thinking, it sometimes curiously flawed what was otherwise pure Christian truth.
infraclavicle n.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈklavᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈklævək(ə)l/
= infraclavicular bone.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > collarbone > [noun] > part below
infraclavicle1878
1878 F. J. Bell & E. R. Lankester tr. C. Gegenbaur Elements Compar. Anat. 474 The two lower ones I have shown to be the clavicle and infra-clavicle.
infraclavicular adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəkləˈvɪkjᵿlə/
,
/ˌɪnfrəklaˈvɪkjᵿlə/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəkləˈvɪkjələr/
Anatomy situated below the clavicle or collarbone, as in infraclavicular bone, infraclavicular region (see quot. 1879); also as n. = infraclavicular bone.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > collarbone > [adjective]
furcular?1541
supraclavicular1823
clavicular1824
interclavicular1828
infraclavicular1843
postclavicular1870
1843 F. H. Ramadge in Med. Times 21 Jan. 263/2 The want of clearness in the respiratory murmur was most obvious in the infra-clavicular region of the right side.
1879 R. N. Khory Digest Med. 45 Infra~clavicular [region] extends from below the clavicle down to the lower margin of the third rib.
Categories »
infraconstrictor n.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəkənˈstrɪktə/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəkənˈstrɪktər/
Anatomy the lower constrictor muscle of the pharynx.
infracortical adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈkɔːtᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈkɔrdək(ə)l/
Anatomy situated below the cerebral cortex.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > nervous system > cerebrospinal axis > brain > parts of brain > [adjective] > cortex
subcortical1873
cortico-fugal1890
cortico-petal1890
infracortical1890
intracortical1890
corticifugal1898
corticipetal1898
transcortical1900
cortico-spinal1901
1890 Cent. Dict. Infracortical.
1895 Psychol. Rev. Mar. 117 In man the consciousness attached to infra-cortical centres is altogether subliminal, if it exist.
1925 Lancet 8 Aug. 274/2 Tremor is an involuntary movement belonging to the old motor system (infra-cortical, subpallial).
infracostal adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈkɒstl/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈkɑst(ə)l/
Anatomy situated beneath the ribs, as in infracostal artery, infracostal muscles ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > rib > [adjective]
ribbed?1523
costal1615
subcostal1755
postcostal1826
costiferous1845
infracostal1858
xiphocostal1899
1858 H. Gray Anat. Index 732/2 Infra-costal muscles.
1867 Quain's Elements Anat. (ed. 7) I. 243 The subcostal or infracostal muscles are small bundles lying on the inner aspect of the thoracic wall.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xvii. [Ithaca] 663 A cicatrice in the left infracostal region below the diaphragm.
Categories »
infradiaphragmatic adj.
Brit. /ɪnfrəˌdʌɪəfrə(ɡ)ˈmatɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˌdaɪəfrə(ɡ)ˈmædɪk/
Anatomy situated below the diaphragm ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon).
infragenual adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈdʒɛnjʊəl/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈdʒɛnjəwəl/
under the knee, as in infragenual bursa.
infraglacial adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈɡleɪʃl/
,
/ˌɪnfrəˈɡleɪsɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈɡleɪʃ(ə)l/
subglacial.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > [adjective] > type of zone
infraglacial1894
intraglacial1895
anamorphic1904
periglacial1923
orocratic1924
pediocratic1924
Thulean1925
palaeogeomorphic1945
the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > glacier > [adjective] > subglacial
subglacial1820
infraglacial1894
1894 J. Geikie Great Ice Age (ed. 3) vii. 91 All such infra- or intra-glacial deposits..occur somewhat partially.
1957 J. K. Charlesworth Quaternary Era II. xliv. 1253 The British infraglacial beach, though much narrower than the Norwegian strandflat, marks a steady level of the sea over a considerable time.
Categories »
infraglenoid adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈɡliːnɔɪd/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈɡlɛˌnɔɪd/
,
/ˌɪnfrəˈɡliˌnɔɪd/
Anatomy situated below the glenoid fossa.
infraglottic adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈɡlɒtɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈɡlɑdɪk/
Anatomy situated below the glottis; also, relating to the parts of the larynx below the glottis.
ΚΠ
1872 J. S. Cohen Dis. Throat 45 In infra-glottic laryngoscopy we find the lower surface of these cords to be reddish in color.
infragular adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈɡjuːlə/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈɡ(j)ulər/
Anatomy situated below the gula or throat.
ΚΠ
1855 C. Knight Eng. Cycl.: Nat. Hist. III. 65 The under part of the infra-gular ganglion.
infrahuman adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈhjuːmən/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈ(h)jumən/
below the human level.
ΘΠ
the world > people > [adjective] > below what is human
subterhuman1833
infrahuman1847
1847 J. Wilson Lands of Bible I. iv. 105 The gods of the Egyptian pantheon, human, superhuman, and infrahuman.
1874 J. P. Mahaffy Social Life Greece ii. 39 She is rather infra~human than superhuman.
1883 W. Arthur On Difference between Physical & Moral Law 72 This infra-human thinker, to whom it is hard to turn the eye upward.
1970 Jrnl. Gen. Psychol. July 42 Motor responses in infrahuman level.
1972 Science 5 May 541/2 Microelectrode recording has shown that tilt detectors in the infrahuman visual system are each turned 20 deg or so on either side of a preferred orientation.
Categories »
infrahyoid adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈhʌɪɔɪd/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈhaɪˌɔɪd/
Anatomy lying below the hyoid bone ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon).
Categories »
infra-inguinal adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈɪŋɡwᵻnl/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈɪŋɡwən(ə)l/
Anatomy situated below the groin.
Categories »
infralabial adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈleɪbɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈleɪbiəl/
Anatomy situated below the lips.
Infralias n.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈlʌɪəs/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈlaɪəs/
Geology a stratum lying between the Trias and Lias.
ΚΠ
1882 A. Geikie Text-bk. Geol. 766 The so-called beds of passage in England..are..now known as Rhætic, (sometimes as Infra-Lias).
infralittoral adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈlɪt(ə)rəl/
,
/ˌɪnfrəˈlɪt(ə)rl̩/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈlɪdərəl/
pertaining to the zone or region of the sea below the littoral region.
Π
1850 E. Forbes in Brit. Ass. Rep. 192 (title) The Infra-littoral Distribution of Marine Invertebrata on the Southern, Western, and Northern Coasts of Britain.
inframammary adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈmam(ə)ri/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈmæm(ə)ri/
Anatomy situated below the breasts.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > front > breast or breasts (of woman) > [adjective]
mammary1615
mammillary1669
inframammary1862
1862 H. W. Fuller On Dis. Chest 4 The infra-mammary [region] is that portion of the anterior surface of the chest which lies below the mammary.
1879 St. George's Hosp. Rep. 9 183 Heaving impulse over left side of chest, strong in inframammary region.
inframarginal adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈmɑːdʒᵻnl/
,
/ˌɪnfrəˈmɑːdʒn̩l/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈmɑrdʒən(ə)l/
situated beneath the margin or border: spec. (a) inframarginal cell, an outer cell in the anterior wing of certain aphides, lying behind the marginal cell; (b) inframarginal convolution, the superior temporal convolution; (c) inframarginal shield, one of the shields between the marginal and plastral in certain chelonians.
Π
1857 M. J. Berkeley Introd. Cryptogamic Bot. §611. 539 Dictyoxiphium has simple..fronds, infra~marginal sori.
1872 H. A. Nicholson Man. Palæontol. 109 Anus supra-marginal or infra-marginal.
inframaxillary adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəmakˈsɪl(ə)ri/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈmæksəˌlɛri/
Anatomy (a) adj. situated below the jaw, as in inframaxillary nerve; (b) n. the lower jawbone.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [adjective] > jawbones > situated below
submaxillary1721
inframaxillary1855
1855 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Inframaxillaris, situated under the jaw; inframaxillary.
1872 G. M. Humphry Observ. Myology 46 The infra-maxillary [nerve]..emerges through a large hole at the front of the base of the suspensorial projection for the jaw.
inframedian adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈmiːdɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈmidiən/
applied to the zone of the ocean below the median zone: see quot.
Π
1859 D. Page Handbk. Geol. Terms 381 In the British seas, naturalists (following the late Edward Forbes)..distinguish five belts of depth—viz. 1, the Littoral; 2, Circum-littoral; 3, Median; 4, Infra-median; and 5, the Abyssal or Deep-sea zone.
Categories »
inframercurial adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəməˈkjʊərɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəmərˈkjʊriəl/
Astronomy lying within the orbit of the planet Mercury; intramercurial.
infra-microscopic adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəmʌɪkrəˈskɒpɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˌmaɪkrəˈskɑpɪk/
below the microscopic.
Π
1919 A. N. Whitehead Enq. Princ. Nat. Knowl. 18 There is good evidence that even the infra-microscopic equations conform to Newton's laws as a first approximation.
infra-molecular adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəməˈlɛkjᵿlə/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəməˈlɛkjələr/
at a level of organization below that of a molecule.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > atomic chemistry > [adjective] > relating to molecules > organization of
intramolecular1884
infra-molecular1899
heteronuclear1900
isonuclear1900
homonuclear1938
1899 London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 5th Ser. 48 462 All her [sc. Nature's] activities at infra-molecular degrees of proximity.
1919 A. N. Whitehead Enq. Princ. Nat. Knowl. ii. 18 We may penetrate below the molecule to the electrons and the core which compose it, and thus obtain infra-molecular equations.
inframontane adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈmɒnteɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˌmɑnˈteɪn/
situated beneath a mountain.
Π
1888 Standard 13 Feb. 5/2 The Arlberg Tunnel, the latest of these inframontane engineering efforts.
† infraˈmundane adj. Obsolete lying below the world (Bailey, fol., 1730–6).
infranatural adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈnatʃ(ə)rəl/
,
/ˌɪnfrəˈnatʃ(ə)rl̩/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈnætʃ(ə)rəl/
below what is natural; also as n.
ΘΠ
the world > relative properties > order > disorder > irregularity > unconformity > abnormality > [adjective] > abnormal or unnatural > below what is natural
under-natural1647
subternatural1651
infranatural1852
1852 J. Martineau Stud. Christianity (1858) 336 The irresistible tendency of a wholly super-natural religion to produce an infra-natural morality.
1889 F. Hall in Nation (N.Y.) 49 412/3 Patronizing a new set of supernaturals, infranaturals, or whatever they may be.
1896 G. Smith Guesses Riddle Exist. (new ed.) 28 ‘Infra~natural’, or something implying degradation,..would be the right expression.
infranaturalism n.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈnatʃ(ə)rəlɪz(ə)m/
,
/ˌɪnfrəˈnatʃ(ə)rl̩ɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈnætʃ(ə)rəˌlɪzəm/
Π
1843 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 54 674 The sober supernaturalism of the German has more attractions with us, than the grinning infra-naturalism of the Frenchman.
infranodal adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈnəʊdl/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈnoʊd(ə)l/
lying beneath a node or joint in a stem.
Π
1878 A. H. Green et al. Coal: Hist. & Uses iii. 81 The spaces in question differ altogether in character from the infra-nodal canals.
infra-occipital adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəɒkˈsɪpᵻtl/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˌɑkˈsɪpᵻd(ə)l/
Anatomy situated under the occiput ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon).
ΚΠ
1887 L. Heitzmann tr. C. Heitzmann Anat. II. 146 The posterior division of the first cervical nerve, the infra-occipital nerve.
infraœsophageal adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəᵻˌsɒfəˈdʒiːəl/
,
/ˌɪnfrəiːˌsɒfəˈdʒiːəl/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəəˌsɑfəˈdʒiəl/
Anatomy situated under the œsophagus.
ΚΠ
1880 H. C. Bastian Brain 95 A bilobed infra-oesophageal ganglion.
infra-orbital adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈɔːbᵻtl/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈɔrbəd(ə)l/
Anatomy situated below the orbit of the eye.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [adjective] > socket of eye
orbital?1541
orbitary1703
superciliary1704
orbitar1726
suborbitary1733
infra-orbitar1741
supraorbital1767
supraorbitar1775
supra-orbitary1794
suborbitar1797
suborbital1803
infra-orbital1806
infra-orbitary1822
lachrymonasal1837
interorbital1852
preorbital1852
transorbital1852
orbitosphenoid1854
exorbital1876
periorbital1890
1806 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 15 230 Dissection of the infraorbital nerve.
1840 E. Wilson Anatomist's Vade Mecum (1842) 33 Immediately above the fossa is the infra-orbital foramen,—the termination of the infra-orbital canal, and infra-orbital artery.
1880 A. Günther Introd. Study of Fishes 54 The infra-orbital ring of bones consists of several pieces.
infra-orbitar adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈɔːbᵻtə/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈɔrbədər/
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [adjective] > socket of eye
orbital?1541
orbitary1703
superciliary1704
orbitar1726
suborbitary1733
infra-orbitar1741
supraorbital1767
supraorbitar1775
supra-orbitary1794
suborbitar1797
suborbital1803
infra-orbital1806
infra-orbitary1822
lachrymonasal1837
interorbital1852
preorbital1852
transorbital1852
orbitosphenoid1854
exorbital1876
periorbital1890
1741 A. Monro Anat. Nerves 133 in Anat. Human Bones (ed. 3) The infra-orbitar Branch of the second Branch of the fifth pair of Nerves.
infra-orbitary adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈɔːbᵻt(ə)ri/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈɔrbəˌtɛri/
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [adjective] > socket of eye
orbital?1541
orbitary1703
superciliary1704
orbitar1726
suborbitary1733
infra-orbitar1741
supraorbital1767
supraorbitar1775
supra-orbitary1794
suborbitar1797
suborbital1803
infra-orbital1806
infra-orbitary1822
lachrymonasal1837
interorbital1852
preorbital1852
transorbital1852
orbitosphenoid1854
exorbital1876
periorbital1890
1822 J. M. Good Study Med. III. 289 The infra-orbitary, or maxillary branch of nerves.
infra-ordinary adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈɔːdᵻn(ə)ri/
,
/ˌɪnfrəˈɔːdn̩(ə)ri/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈɔrdnˌɛri/
below what is ordinary.
Π
1827 J. Bentham Rationale Judicial Evid. I. i. v. 61 A mass or lot of infra-ordinary or inferior evidence.
infrapapillary adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈpapᵻləri/
,
/ˌɪnfrəpəˈpɪl(ə)ri/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈpæpəˌlɛri/
Anatomy situated below the biliary papilla.
ΚΠ
1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 723 When the growth is below the biliary papilla, or infra-papillary, the bile and pancreatic juice tend to regurgitate through the dilated duodenum.
Categories »
infrapatellar adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəpəˈtɛlə/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəpəˈtɛlər/
Anatomy situated below the kneecap.
infraperipherial adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəpɛrᵻˈfɪərɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˌpɛrəˈfɪriəl/
situated below the periphery.
Π
1881 Watson in Jrnl. Linn. Soc. XV. No. 85. 273 With a broadish infraperipherial chestnut band.
infraposed adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈpəʊzd/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈpoʊzd/
[compare superposed] placed below something else.
ΘΠ
the world > space > relative position > low position > [adjective] > situated or placed under
underlaida1100
subjected?a1425
suppositivec1475
subject?1541
subjacent1598
subterjacent1598
underlying1611
subjunct1639
supposite1640
suppedaneous1646
subordinate1648
subdititious1657
substrated1663
succumbent1664
subtended1670
substrate1678
subadjacent1722
supposed1766
subtending1777
substrative1823
underset1845
infraposed1854
substant1883
underneath1894
underlappingc1900
1854 Austen in Proc. Geol. Soc. (1855) 11 116 Terrestrial surface infraposed to the Drift-gravels.
infraposition n.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəpəˈzɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəpəˈzɪʃən/
the condition of being so placed.
ΘΠ
the world > space > relative position > low position > [noun] > condition of being placed under
infraposition1839
1839 R. I. Murchison Silurian Syst. i. ii. 25 A similar infraposition of saliferous marls may be seen at Moss Hill farm.
1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xlii. 394 The infraposition and superposition of two fluids of differing densities.
infrapubian adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈpjuːbɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈpjubiən/
infrapubic adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈpjuːbɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈpjubɪk/
Anatomy situated below the pubes; sub-pubic.
ΚΠ
1876 S. W. Gross Gross's Pract. Treat. Dis. Bladder (ed. 3) i. v. 133 In..the infrapubic puncture, the instrument passes through a space between the penis and the pubes.
infraradular adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈradjᵿlə/
,
/ˌɪnfrəˈradʒᵿlə/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈrædʒələr/
situated under the radula or lingual ribbon of a mollusc.
Π
1885 R. J. H. Gibson in Trans. Royal Soc. Edinb. XXXII. 627 On the top of the muscles of the infraradular sheet there are two ganglia united to each other and to their fellows on the opposite side.
infra-rational adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈraʃn̩(ə)l/
,
/ˌɪnfrəˈraʃən(ə)l/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈræʃ(ə)nəl/
below what is rational.
ΘΠ
the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > lack of reason, irrationality > [adjective] > below reason
subrational1865
infra-rational1933
1933 Mind 42 265 In the concept of life, one may stress either its unconscious, infra-rational, chaotic fecundity or the conscious order..of its historic manifestations.
1935 Downside Rev. LIII. 451 Thus the indefinable element would be irrational in the sense of infra-rational.
Categories »
infrarenal adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈriːnl/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈrin(ə)l/
Anatomy situated beneath the kidneys.
infrarenally adv.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈriːnəli/
,
/ˌɪnfrəˈriːnl̩i/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈrinəli/
Π
1870 G. Rolleston Forms Animal Life 16 The largest of these receptacles are the infrarenally-placed abdominal air-sacs.
Categories »
infrarimal adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈrʌɪml/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈraɪm(ə)l/
Anatomy situated beyond the rima or opening of the glottis.
infrascapular adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈskapjᵿlə/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈskæpjələr/
Anatomy situated below the shoulder blade.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > bony support for limbs > shoulder-girdle > [adjective] > shoulder bone
spatulary1651
suprascapulary1693
scapular1713
interscapular1721
scapulary1785
suprascapular1797
infrascapular1855
interscapulary1900
1855 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Infrascapularis..infrascapular.
1879 R. N. Khory Digest Med. 45 Infra-scapular [region], which extends from the angle of the scapula to the lower margin of the thorax below and to the spine behind.
infra-specific adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəspᵻˈsɪfɪk/
,
/ˌɪnfrəspɛˈsɪfɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəspəˈsɪfɪk/
(applied to a category) at a lower taxonomic level than a species.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > taxonomy > taxon > [adjective] > species or sub-species
univocal1638
specific1650
subspecific1795
conspecific1859
racial1884
co-specific1889
relic1889
relict1899
intraspecific1919
monospecific1921
intraspecies1927
supraspecific1936
infra-specific1939
supraspecies1960
species-uniform1968
1939 Entomol. News L. 198 In practice they propose infra-specific names—polynomials as well as trinomials—in proper Latin form.
1970 Watsonia 8 42 The geographical significance of this variation should not be lost sight of and may eventually receive taxonomic recognition at some infra-specific level.
infraspinal adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈspʌɪnl/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈspaɪn(ə)l/
Anatomy situated beneath the spine of the scapula.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > bony support for limbs > shoulder-girdle > [adjective] > shoulder bone > spine of
supraspinal1733
infraspinal1753
supraspinous1825
infraspinate1855
prescapular1868
infraspinous1879
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Infraspinatus The..infraspinal cavity, or fossa of the scapula.
1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 569/2 The spine is..so placed as to divide the dorsum of the scapula into a supra-spinal and infra-spinal depression.
1854 R. Owen Struct. Skeleton & Teeth in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 251 The supraspinal fossa of the scapula is less deep than the infraspinal one.
infraspinate adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈspʌɪneɪt/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈspaɪˌneɪt/
= infraspinal adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > bony support for limbs > shoulder-girdle > [adjective] > shoulder bone > spine of
supraspinal1733
infraspinal1753
supraspinous1825
infraspinate1855
prescapular1868
infraspinous1879
1855 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Infraspinatus, applied to a muscle of the shoulder,..infraspinate.
infraspinator n.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəspʌɪˈneɪtə/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˌspaɪˈneɪdər/
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > structural parts > muscle > muscles of specific parts > [noun] > muscles of shoulder
subscapularis1615
supraspinatus muscle1615
subscapular muscle1634
under-blade-lurker1683
muscle of patience1728
deltoid1740
deltoid muscle1741
infraspinatus1855
prescapular1890
trachelo-acromial1891
infraspinator1897
1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 974 Paralysis of the supra and infra-spinators.
infraspinatus n.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəspʌɪˈneɪtəs/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˌspaɪˈneɪdəs/
Anatomy a muscle of the dorsum of the scapula, arising from the infraspinal fossa; also attributive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > structural parts > muscle > muscles of specific parts > [noun] > muscles of shoulder
subscapularis1615
supraspinatus muscle1615
subscapular muscle1634
under-blade-lurker1683
muscle of patience1728
deltoid1740
deltoid muscle1741
infraspinatus1855
prescapular1890
trachelo-acromial1891
infraspinator1897
1855 L. Holden Human Osteol. 112 Gives origin to the infra-spinatus.
1873 St. G. Mivart Lessons Elem. Anat. iv. 154 The infra-spinatus fossa and subscapular fossa together forming its actual outer surface.
infraspinous adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈspʌɪnəs/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈspaɪnəs/
= infraspinal adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > bony support for limbs > shoulder-girdle > [adjective] > shoulder bone > spine of
supraspinal1733
infraspinal1753
supraspinous1825
infraspinate1855
prescapular1868
infraspinous1879
1879 R. N. Khory Digest Med. 45 Infra-spinous [region] to the infra-spinous fossa.
infrastapedial adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəstəˈpiːdɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəstəˈpidiəl/
,
/ˌɪnfrəˌsteɪˈpidiəl/
situated below the axis of the stapes of the middle ear in birds.
Π
1884 E. Coues Key to N. Amer. Birds (ed. 2) 154 The stylo-hyal, will join the extra-stapedial plate, and the afterward chondrified band of union will be the infra-stapedial.
1884 E. Coues Key to N. Amer. Birds (ed. 2) 186 The stylo-hyal..represented by another claw of the stapes (an infra-stapedial element).
infrasternal adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈstəːnl/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈstərn(ə)l/
Anatomy situated below the sternum or breast-bone ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon).
ΚΠ
1879 R. N. Khory Digest Med. 44 Infra-sternal [region], that which extends from the third cartilage to the lower end of the sternum.
Categories »
infrastigmatal adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈstɪɡmətl/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈstɪɡməd(ə)l/
Entomology situated below the stigmata or breathing-pores of an insect.
Categories »
infrastipular adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈstɪpjᵿlə/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈstɪpjələr/
Botany situated below the stipules in plants.
infrasutural adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈsuːtʃ(ə)rəl/
,
/ˌɪnfrəˈsuːtʃ(ə)rl̩/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈsutʃərəl/
Anatomy situated below the suture.
ΚΠ
1880 R. B. Watson in Jrnl. Linn. Soc. 15 97 Longitudinal puckerings stretching down from the infrasutural row of beads.
Categories »
infratemporal adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈtɛmp(ə)rəl/
,
/ˌɪnfrəˈtɛmp(ə)rl̩/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈtɛmp(ə)rəl/
Anatomy situated below the temples ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon).
infratentorial adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrətɛnˈtɔːrɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˌtɛnˈtɔriəl/
Anatomy situated below the tentorium of the brain.
ΚΠ
1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. IV. 309 This [presence of glycosurin] is more especially the case in infra-tentorial disease.
infraterrene adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrətəˈriːn/
,
/ˌɪnfrəˈtɛriːn/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrətəˈrin/
,
/ˌɪnfrəˈtɛˌrin/
situated below the earth, subterranean, hypogean.
Π
1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xlviii. 454 Some of Martin's imaginings of infraterrene architecture.
infraterritorial adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrətɛrᵻˈtɔːrɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˌtɛrəˈtɔriəl/
lying within a territory (Webster, 1856).
Categories »
infrathoracic adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəθɔːˈrasɪk/
,
/ˌɪnfrəθəˈrasɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəθəˈræsɪk/
,
/ˌɪnfrəˌθɔˈræsɪk/
Anatomy situated below the thorax ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon).
Categories »
infratonsillar adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈtɒnsᵻlə/
,
/ˌɪnfrəˈtɒnsl̩ə/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈtɑnsələr/
Anatomy situated below the tonsils.
Categories »
infratrochanteric adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrətrəʊkanˈtɛrɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˌtroʊkænˈtɛrɪk/
Anatomy situated below the trochanter ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon).
infratrochlear adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəˈtrɒklɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈtrɑkliər/
Anatomy situated beneath the trochlea or pulley of the trochlearis muscle in the eye.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > structural parts > muscle > muscles of specific parts > [adjective] > muscles of eyes
recludent1684
choanoid1839
infratrochlear1840
1840 G. V. Ellis Demonstr. Anat. 76 Very small filaments from the supra-trochlear..and from the infra-trochlear.
1875 H. Walton Pract. Treat. Dis. Eye (ed. 3) 726 The nose gets its nerve twigs from the frontal, supra, and infra-trochlear branches.
infra-umbilical adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəʌmˈbɪlᵻkl/
,
/ˌɪnfrəʌmbᵻˈlʌɪkl/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˌəmˈbɪlək(ə)l/
Anatomy situated below the umbilicus.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > front > belly or abdomen > [adjective] > navel > situated near
umbilicary1693
paraumbilical1890
infra-umbilical1900
1900 W. A. N. Dorland Amer. Illustr. Med. Dict. 322/1 Infra-umbilical.
1906 Practitioner Dec. 781 A supra-umbilical and infra-umbilical zone.
1967 Gray's Anat. (ed. 34) 641 In its infra-umbilical portion the linea alba is narrow.
infravaginal adj.
Brit. /ˌɪnfrəvəˈdʒʌɪnl/
,
/ˌɪnfrəˈvadʒᵻnl/
,
U.S. /ˌɪnfrəˈvædʒən(ə)l/
,
/ˌɪnfrəvəˈdʒaɪn(ə)l/
Anatomy situated below the vagina, or its junction with the uterus.
ΚΠ
1898 G. E. Herman Dis. Women 121 Elongation of the infra-vaginal portions of the anterior cervical wall.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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