informern.

Brit.

/ɪnˈfɔːmə/, U.S.

/ᵻnˈfɔrmər/

Forms:

α. late Middle English enformour, 1500s enformor, 1500s infourmour.

β. See inform v. and -er suffix¹.

Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Probably partly a borrowing from French. Probably partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: French enformour ; inform v., -er suffix¹.

Etymology: Probably partly < Anglo-Norman enformour, enfourmour, enfourmur instructor, teacher (a1415), informer (a1411) ( < enformer inform v. + -our -our suffix), and partly < inform v. + -er suffix¹. Compare Middle French, French informateur person who reports on or investigates something or someone (14th cent.), examining magistrate (a1402), instructor, teacher (1405).With the α. forms compare -or suffix, -our suffix.

†1. An instructor, a teacher; an adviser. Obsolete.Also in figurative context.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > teaching > teacher > [noun]

larewc900

mastereOE

lorthewc1160

lore-fatherc1175

lerera1340

lister1377

loresman1377

doctora1382

learner1382

teacherc1384

readera1387

lore-mastera1400

former1401

informer?c1422

preceptorc1450

instructora1464

informator1483

doctrinal?1504

lear-father1533

usher1533

instructer1534

trainer1543

educator1609

instituter1670

institutorc1675

subpreceptor1696

Barbe1710

pundit1816

umfundisi1825

preception1882

guru1884

mwalimu1884

rabbi1917

?c1422 T. Hoccleve Ars Sciendi Mori l. 543 in Minor Poems (1970) i. 198 So vnwys Is he, þat his enformours he wel leeueth.

c1443 R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 50 (MED) Þerfore teche vs, lord, of al necessarie trouþis, clerist techir, gladdist enformer.

1481 W. Caxton in tr. Cicero De Senectute Proem Nestor a kyng of Grece was a noble Informer.

1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer ii. f. cccxxxvii^v I am seruaunt of these creatures to me delyuered..not mayster but enfourmer.

1565 J. Jewel Def. Apol. Churche Eng. (1611) 86 Catechistas, The Informers or Teachers of them that were entring into the faith.

1631 R. Brathwait Eng. Gentlewoman 183 These, though Heathens, were excellent informers of youth.

1660 R. Mathews Unlearned Alchymist §35 Experience which is the truest informer, speaks aloud in this matter also.

1705 R. Fleming Christol. I. Pref. p. xxvi With Thanks to those that shall thus convince me by Scripture and Reason,..whom I shall readily own as my kind Teachers and Informers.

1783 Inq. Princ. Eccl. Patronage & Presentation iii. 156 They [sc. the Bishops of England] are his Majesty's spiritual teachers, and the informers of his Majesty's conscience, as well as of those of the people.

2. A person who informs against another. Originally (more fully common informer): a person who lays an information (information n. 5a) against an offender and is paid (by the Crown or the plaintiff) for doing so, esp. a person who makes a living from this; now historical. Now usually: a person who gives information to the police.The ability of the common informer to profit from informations laid was abolished by the Common Informers Act of 1951 (14 & 15 Geo. VI c. 39).

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > informing on or against > [noun] > informer

wrayerc1000

wrobberc1300

discoverera1400

denunciator1474

informer1503

denouncer1533

detector1541

delatora1572

sycophant1579

inquisitor1580

scout1585

finger man1596

emphanista1631

quadruplator1632

informant1645

eastee-man1681

whiddler1699

runner1724

stag1725

snitch1785

qui tam1788

squeak1795

split1819

clype1825

telegraph1825

snitcher1827

Jack Nasty1837

pigeon1847

booker1863

squealer1865

pig1874

rounder1884

sneak1886

mouse1890

finger1899

fizgig1902

screamer1902

squeaker1903

canary1912

shopper1924

narker1932

snurge1933

cheese eater1935

singer1935

tip-off1941

top-off1941

tout1959

rat fink1961

whistle-blower1970

1503–4 Act 19 Henry VII c. 14 in Statutes of Realm (1816) II. 659 Every such infourmour..shalbe receyved to sue uppon the seid matter by informacion.

1588–9 Act 31 Eliz. c. 5 Divers..daylie unjustlie vexed and disquieted by divers commen informers upon penall statutes.

1591 R. Greene Notable Discouery of Coosenage f. 11 Then the coosening informer or cros-biter, promiseth to wipe him out of the Court, and discharge him from the matter.

c1608 F. Bacon Certif. touching Penal Laws in Wks. (1879) I. 480 To repress the abuses in common informers, and some clerks and under-ministers, that for common gain partake with them.

1683 Dutch Rogue 62 He was no sooner come to the Boat but was aware of his friend Van der Burgh whom he had Stigmatized for an Informer.

1759 W. Robertson Hist. Scotl. vi, in Hist. Wks. (1813) I. 436 Spies and informers were everywhere employed.

1798 Beresford in Ld. Auckland's Corr. (1862) III. 411 We have..taken up several persons of family and fortune..and some have turned informers in whom we can rely.

1808 S. Smith Wks. (1859) I. 131/2 An informer, whether he is paid by the week..or by the crime..is, in general, a man of a very indifferent character.

1817 W. Selwyn Abridgem. Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) II. 1148 A penalty..recoverable by common informer in the High Court of Admiralty.

1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 16 Aug. 3/1 In the absence of ‘informer’ evidence the great majority of cases would fail for want of legal proof.

1925 J. C. Goodwin Queer Fish xvi. 153 I surmise that they are ‘spotters’, posted where they are to warn the proprietor of the card-room should the police or their informers put in an appearance.

1957 Econ. Hist. Rev. New Ser. 10 225 There were good reasons of self-interest..which led a common informer to Westminster and to Exchequer.

2003 P. Lovesey House Sitter (2004) xiii. 189 Special Branch have a number of addresses in London where they protect VIPs under threat of terrorism, or informers changing their identities.

3. A person who communicates knowledge of a particular fact, subject or event; a provider of information. Cf. informant n. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > action of informing > [noun] > person who

teller1340

revelatorc1443

advertiser1548

intelligencer1569

upgiver1577

declarator1583

relater1593

relator1593

informer1598

imparter1600

intelligent1602

referendary1614

informant1641

1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Monitore, an admonisher, a warner, an informer, an aduertiser, a monisher, a counsellour.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Advertisseur, an advertiser, informer, intelligencer.

1737 W. Whiston in tr. Josephus Genuine Wks. p. cxxxi Better have kept close to Josephus than hearken to any of his other authors or informers.

1789 W. H. Brown Power of Sympathy II. lxiii. 148 It is with difficulty I bring myself to the serious and painful employment of being the informer of unwelcome tidings.

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth x, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. III. 259 He talks no Gaelic, nor had his informer much English, so there may be some mistake in the matter.

1868 Trans. Ethnol. Soc. London 6 262 This account was corroborated by other parties besides the individual who was my first informer.

1946 Mississippi Valley Hist. Rev. 32 609 Your informer is no stereotype: he is a person who wore Master's boots without permission.

1962 Anderson (Indiana) Herald 20 Oct. 4/2 Private enterprise is far ahead of Russia in current power production. It is according to most informer reports, installing new capacity at a greater rate.

2007 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 16 Aug. 37 Two hilarious guys, each sitting behind a desk lampooning politicians and other misguided public figures, are leading the way as informers of the public.

†4. That which imparts life or an essential quality; an inspirer, animator. Cf. inform v. 8. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > source or principle of life > giving of life > [noun] > one who or that which

living breada1425

quickenera1500

vivificatora1555

life-giver1569

vivification1631

informer1662

vivifier1860

vitalizer1882

1662 Bp. J. Taylor Via Intelligentiæ 29 Unlesse the spirit of life be the Informer of the spirit of the man, the Word of God will be as dead in the operation as the body in its powers and possibilities.

1727 J. Thomson Summer 16 Thou, O Sun!.. Informer of the planetary Train! Without whose vital, and effectual Glance, They'd be but brute, uncomfortable Mass.

1730 A. Pope in Brit. Stage 7 Nature! informer of the poet's art, Whose force alone can raise or melt the heart.

Derivatives

inˈformership n. rare the position or function of an informer.

ΚΠ

1612 T. James Life Father Parsons in Iesuits Downefall 65 Parsons had the office of Informership in the English affaires, as well in Spaine as at Rome.

1962 M. P. Argenson Cold War, Cold Peace & Cold Feet 81 If the Communist underground was so powerful, why did so many converts from Communism to informership remain alive to tell their story?

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	informer
释义	informern. Brit. /ɪnˈfɔːmə/, U.S. /ᵻnˈfɔrmər/ Forms: α. late Middle English enformour, 1500s enformor, 1500s infourmour. β. See inform v. and -er suffix¹. Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Probably partly a borrowing from French. Probably partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: French enformour ; inform v., -er suffix¹. Etymology: Probably partly < Anglo-Norman enformour, enfourmour, enfourmur instructor, teacher (a1415), informer (a1411) ( < enformer inform v. + -our -our suffix), and partly < inform v. + -er suffix¹. Compare Middle French, French informateur person who reports on or investigates something or someone (14th cent.), examining magistrate (a1402), instructor, teacher (1405).With the α. forms compare -or suffix, -our suffix. †1. An instructor, a teacher; an adviser. Obsolete.Also in figurative context. ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > teacher > [noun] larewc900 mastereOE lorthewc1160 lore-fatherc1175 lerera1340 lister1377 loresman1377 doctora1382 learner1382 teacherc1384 readera1387 lore-mastera1400 former1401 informer?c1422 preceptorc1450 instructora1464 informator1483 doctrinal?1504 lear-father1533 usher1533 instructer1534 trainer1543 educator1609 instituter1670 institutorc1675 subpreceptor1696 Barbe1710 pundit1816 umfundisi1825 preception1882 guru1884 mwalimu1884 rabbi1917 ?c1422 T. Hoccleve Ars Sciendi Mori l. 543 in Minor Poems (1970) i. 198 So vnwys Is he, þat his enformours he wel leeueth. c1443 R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 50 (MED) Þerfore teche vs, lord, of al necessarie trouþis, clerist techir, gladdist enformer. 1481 W. Caxton in tr. Cicero De Senectute Proem Nestor a kyng of Grece was a noble Informer. 1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer ii. f. cccxxxvii^v I am seruaunt of these creatures to me delyuered..not mayster but enfourmer. 1565 J. Jewel Def. Apol. Churche Eng. (1611) 86 Catechistas, The Informers or Teachers of them that were entring into the faith. 1631 R. Brathwait Eng. Gentlewoman 183 These, though Heathens, were excellent informers of youth. 1660 R. Mathews Unlearned Alchymist §35 Experience which is the truest informer, speaks aloud in this matter also. 1705 R. Fleming Christol. I. Pref. p. xxvi With Thanks to those that shall thus convince me by Scripture and Reason,..whom I shall readily own as my kind Teachers and Informers. 1783 Inq. Princ. Eccl. Patronage & Presentation iii. 156 They [sc. the Bishops of England] are his Majesty's spiritual teachers, and the informers of his Majesty's conscience, as well as of those of the people. 2. A person who informs against another. Originally (more fully common informer): a person who lays an information (information n. 5a) against an offender and is paid (by the Crown or the plaintiff) for doing so, esp. a person who makes a living from this; now historical. Now usually: a person who gives information to the police.The ability of the common informer to profit from informations laid was abolished by the Common Informers Act of 1951 (14 & 15 Geo. VI c. 39). ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > informing on or against > [noun] > informer wrayerc1000 wrobberc1300 discoverera1400 denunciator1474 informer1503 denouncer1533 detector1541 delatora1572 sycophant1579 inquisitor1580 scout1585 finger man1596 emphanista1631 quadruplator1632 informant1645 eastee-man1681 whiddler1699 runner1724 stag1725 snitch1785 qui tam1788 squeak1795 split1819 clype1825 telegraph1825 snitcher1827 Jack Nasty1837 pigeon1847 booker1863 squealer1865 pig1874 rounder1884 sneak1886 mouse1890 finger1899 fizgig1902 screamer1902 squeaker1903 canary1912 shopper1924 narker1932 snurge1933 cheese eater1935 singer1935 tip-off1941 top-off1941 tout1959 rat fink1961 whistle-blower1970 1503–4 Act 19 Henry VII c. 14 in Statutes of Realm (1816) II. 659 Every such infourmour..shalbe receyved to sue uppon the seid matter by informacion. 1588–9 Act 31 Eliz. c. 5 Divers..daylie unjustlie vexed and disquieted by divers commen informers upon penall statutes. 1591 R. Greene Notable Discouery of Coosenage f. 11 Then the coosening informer or cros-biter, promiseth to wipe him out of the Court, and discharge him from the matter. c1608 F. Bacon Certif. touching Penal Laws in Wks. (1879) I. 480 To repress the abuses in common informers, and some clerks and under-ministers, that for common gain partake with them. 1683 Dutch Rogue 62 He was no sooner come to the Boat but was aware of his friend Van der Burgh whom he had Stigmatized for an Informer. 1759 W. Robertson Hist. Scotl. vi, in Hist. Wks. (1813) I. 436 Spies and informers were everywhere employed. 1798 Beresford in Ld. Auckland's Corr. (1862) III. 411 We have..taken up several persons of family and fortune..and some have turned informers in whom we can rely. 1808 S. Smith Wks. (1859) I. 131/2 An informer, whether he is paid by the week..or by the crime..is, in general, a man of a very indifferent character. 1817 W. Selwyn Abridgem. Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) II. 1148 A penalty..recoverable by common informer in the High Court of Admiralty. 1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 16 Aug. 3/1 In the absence of ‘informer’ evidence the great majority of cases would fail for want of legal proof. 1925 J. C. Goodwin Queer Fish xvi. 153 I surmise that they are ‘spotters’, posted where they are to warn the proprietor of the card-room should the police or their informers put in an appearance. 1957 Econ. Hist. Rev. New Ser. 10 225 There were good reasons of self-interest..which led a common informer to Westminster and to Exchequer. 2003 P. Lovesey House Sitter (2004) xiii. 189 Special Branch have a number of addresses in London where they protect VIPs under threat of terrorism, or informers changing their identities. 3. A person who communicates knowledge of a particular fact, subject or event; a provider of information. Cf. informant n. 1a. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > action of informing > [noun] > person who teller1340 revelatorc1443 advertiser1548 intelligencer1569 upgiver1577 declarator1583 relater1593 relator1593 informer1598 imparter1600 intelligent1602 referendary1614 informant1641 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Monitore, an admonisher, a warner, an informer, an aduertiser, a monisher, a counsellour. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Advertisseur, an advertiser, informer, intelligencer. 1737 W. Whiston in tr. Josephus Genuine Wks. p. cxxxi Better have kept close to Josephus than hearken to any of his other authors or informers. 1789 W. H. Brown Power of Sympathy II. lxiii. 148 It is with difficulty I bring myself to the serious and painful employment of being the informer of unwelcome tidings. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth x, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. III. 259 He talks no Gaelic, nor had his informer much English, so there may be some mistake in the matter. 1868 Trans. Ethnol. Soc. London 6 262 This account was corroborated by other parties besides the individual who was my first informer. 1946 Mississippi Valley Hist. Rev. 32 609 Your informer is no stereotype: he is a person who wore Master's boots without permission. 1962 Anderson (Indiana) Herald 20 Oct. 4/2 Private enterprise is far ahead of Russia in current power production. It is according to most informer reports, installing new capacity at a greater rate. 2007 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 16 Aug. 37 Two hilarious guys, each sitting behind a desk lampooning politicians and other misguided public figures, are leading the way as informers of the public. †4. That which imparts life or an essential quality; an inspirer, animator. Cf. inform v. 8. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > source or principle of life > giving of life > [noun] > one who or that which living breada1425 quickenera1500 vivificatora1555 life-giver1569 vivification1631 informer1662 vivifier1860 vitalizer1882 1662 Bp. J. Taylor Via Intelligentiæ 29 Unlesse the spirit of life be the Informer of the spirit of the man, the Word of God will be as dead in the operation as the body in its powers and possibilities. 1727 J. Thomson Summer 16 Thou, O Sun!.. Informer of the planetary Train! Without whose vital, and effectual Glance, They'd be but brute, uncomfortable Mass. 1730 A. Pope in Brit. Stage 7 Nature! informer of the poet's art, Whose force alone can raise or melt the heart. Derivatives inˈformership n. rare the position or function of an informer. ΚΠ 1612 T. James Life Father Parsons in Iesuits Downefall 65 Parsons had the office of Informership in the English affaires, as well in Spaine as at Rome. 1962 M. P. Argenson Cold War, Cold Peace & Cold Feet 81 If the Communist underground was so powerful, why did so many converts from Communism to informership remain alive to tell their story? This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?c1422
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