informantadj.n.

Brit.

/ɪnˈfɔːm(ə)nt/, U.S.

/ᵻnˈfɔrm(ə)nt/

Forms: 1600s informent, 1600s– informant.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Perhaps also partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: Latin informant- , informans , informāns , informāre ; inform v., -ant suffix¹.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin informant-, informans (of a form) constituting the inherent and inseparable essence of the thing it determines, use as adjective of classical Latin informant-, informāns, present participle of informāre inform v. In use as noun perhaps independently < inform v. + -ant suffix¹. With use as noun compare earlier informer n.

A. adj.

Philosophy. Of a form (form n. 4a): constituting the inherent and inseparable essence of the thing it determines. Cf. informing adj., inform v. 8. Now rare.Opposed to assistant adj. and n. Additions.

ΚΠ

1632 R. Winterton tr. J. Gerhard Golden Chaine Divine Aphorismes v. 60 Sometimes they [sc. angels] appeare in bodily shapes, and yet they are not corporeall: For they are but the Forms Assistent and not Forms Informant [L. formae informantes] of the bodies which they assume.

1659 T. White Middle State Souls 156 They make the soul, in man, to be an actual entity, which clearly renders it assistent, not informent and constitutive of one only substance or thing.

1665 G. Havers & J. Davies tr. Another Coll. Philos. Conf. French Virtuosi cxii. 111 A Form is that which gives either Being or Motion. When it gives only Motion, 'tis call'd an Assistent Form, as that which moves the Heavens: When Being, an Informant Form, styl'd also an Act, Perfection, Essence, Vertue, Beauty.

1890 Cent. Dict. at Informant Informant form,..a form which affects the specific essence of a thing, which penetrates the being of the matter, and is not merely extrinsically joined to it, as an assistant form, producing only motion.

1901 J. M. Baldwin Dict. Philos. & Psychol. 52 Informant Form, a form which is a part of the thing of which it is the form.

B. n.

a. A person who communicates knowledge of a particular fact, subject or event; a provider of information. Cf. informer n. 3.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > action of informing > [noun] > person who

teller1340

revelatorc1443

advertiser1548

intelligencer1569

upgiver1577

declarator1583

relater1593

relator1593

informer1598

imparter1600

intelligent1602

referendary1614

informant1641

1641 T. Creamor Gun-powder-plot in Ireland sig. A2 Hee met with one Maggennis an Irish Gentleman, who told him the Irish were resolved to roote out all the Scots out of Ireland,..and told this Informant [etc.].

1693 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) I. 396 The informant, Polycarpus Rose, saith, That about 5 weeks since [etc.].

1741 S. Richardson Pamela IV. xxxv. 204 But, dear Sir, your Knowledge of the Informants makes nothing at all as to the Truth of the Information.

1799 C. B. Brown Ormond ix. 104 How soon he meant to leave the city, her informant was unable to tell.

1826 J. W. Croker Let. 20 Mar. in Croker Papers (1884) I. xi. 314 You have heard the whole story from day to day by better informants.

1883 T. Martin Life Ld. Lyndhurst v. 135 His informant, as the hatchers of anecdotes too often are, was under a delusion.

1942 Amer. Speech 17 3 Since he introduces characters from all walks of life,..he is a better informant than..the writers for the learned journals.

1975 R. H. Rimmer Premar Exper. (1976) i. 56 According to my informant, Bren and Merle were living in a rundown tenement house in the ‘riot zone’.

2005 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 1 Dec. 45/2 One of Mann's expert informants argued that much of the Amazon tropical rain forest was in fact ‘anthropogenic’–directly or indirectly created by humans.

b. spec. = informer n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > informing on or against > [noun] > informer

wrayerc1000

wrobberc1300

discoverera1400

denunciator1474

informer1503

denouncer1533

detector1541

delatora1572

sycophant1579

inquisitor1580

scout1585

finger man1596

emphanista1631

quadruplator1632

informant1645

eastee-man1681

whiddler1699

runner1724

stag1725

snitch1785

qui tam1788

squeak1795

split1819

clype1825

telegraph1825

snitcher1827

Jack Nasty1837

pigeon1847

booker1863

squealer1865

pig1874

rounder1884

sneak1886

mouse1890

finger1899

fizgig1902

screamer1902

squeaker1903

canary1912

shopper1924

narker1932

snurge1933

cheese eater1935

singer1935

tip-off1941

top-off1941

tout1959

rat fink1961

whistle-blower1970

1645 in B. Cusack Everyday Eng. 1500–1700 (1998) 33 This Informant was constrained to take a Marsh forke from a Marshman to defend himselfe from hurt & violence, w^ch was like to bee offered to this Informant.

1676 in J. Raine Depos. Castle of York (1861) 223 This informant got hold of the head or web of the ax.

1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. 427 The attorney general, at the relation of some informant, (who is usually called the relator) files ex officio an information in the court of chancery.

1783 Eleventh Rep. Sel. Comm. Bengal, Bahar & Orissa sig. E1 It was the last Evidence of the Kind. The Informant was hanged.

1848 Act 11 & 12 Victoria c. 43 §10 The matter of such information shall be substantiated by the oath or affirmation of the informant.

1865 H. Martineau Hist. Peace II. i. xv. 246 The government, the magistrates, probably many of the informants of the latter themselves, and the public in general, were frightened.

1908 Virginia Law Reg. 13 945 The justice determines whether the informant is a credible resident or not.

1953 Mod. Law Rev. 16 424 The so-called complainant was in fact a criminal informant under the Public Order Act.

2007 Plain Dealer (Cleveland, Ohio) (Nexis) 11 Sept. b5 Prosecutors cited the fact that Bray, the informant in the case, changed his story about France after he was accused of attempted murder.

c. spec. A person from whom a linguist, anthropologist, etc., obtains information about language, dialect, or culture.Early examples are perhaps merely contextual uses of sense B. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > action of informing > [noun] > person who > in response to survey, etc.

respondent1528

informant1799

1799 M. Park Trav. Interior Districts Afr. xvi. 214 All my informants agreed, that many of the Negro merchants who arrive at Tombuctoo and Houssa..speak a different language from that of the Bambarra.

1835 A. Smith Diary 1 Oct. (1940) II. 251 The Bamaliti was an independent tribe in those times, but informant states that the Baharootzie were higher than them.

1889 A. J. Ellis On Early Eng. Pronunc. V. 2 Where I was unable to obtain vivâ voce or palaeotypic information, I had the same difficulty as before in interpreting the informants' orthography.

1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. xix. 324 The forms were collected in each case from a single informant by means of a questionnaire of some two-thousand words and phrases.

1944 Amer. Speech Apr. 135 The danger inherent in partial reporting, especially when based on..inadequate informant work.

1964 R. H. Robins Gen. Linguistics ix. 355 The informant is not a teacher, nor a linguist; he is simply a native speaker of the language willing to help the linguist in his work.

2005 Nature 3 Mar. 18/1 All informants recorded on tape, in Soqotri, their agreement and their understanding of the purpose of the research.

†2. That which informs (inform v. 8a); an animating or vitalizing force. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > [noun] > bringing into action > that which or one who > that which

informant1661

actuator1856

activator1904

1661 J. Glanvill Vanity of Dogmatizing xvi. 153 The matter can be actuated at once but by a single Informant.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	informant
释义	informantadj.n. Brit. /ɪnˈfɔːm(ə)nt/, U.S. /ᵻnˈfɔrm(ə)nt/ Forms: 1600s informent, 1600s– informant. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Perhaps also partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: Latin informant- , informans , informāns , informāre ; inform v., -ant suffix¹. Etymology: < post-classical Latin informant-, informans (of a form) constituting the inherent and inseparable essence of the thing it determines, use as adjective of classical Latin informant-, informāns, present participle of informāre inform v. In use as noun perhaps independently < inform v. + -ant suffix¹. With use as noun compare earlier informer n. A. adj. Philosophy. Of a form (form n. 4a): constituting the inherent and inseparable essence of the thing it determines. Cf. informing adj., inform v. 8. Now rare.Opposed to assistant adj. and n. Additions. ΚΠ 1632 R. Winterton tr. J. Gerhard Golden Chaine Divine Aphorismes v. 60 Sometimes they [sc. angels] appeare in bodily shapes, and yet they are not corporeall: For they are but the Forms Assistent and not Forms Informant [L. formae informantes] of the bodies which they assume. 1659 T. White Middle State Souls 156 They make the soul, in man, to be an actual entity, which clearly renders it assistent, not informent and constitutive of one only substance or thing. 1665 G. Havers & J. Davies tr. Another Coll. Philos. Conf. French Virtuosi cxii. 111 A Form is that which gives either Being or Motion. When it gives only Motion, 'tis call'd an Assistent Form, as that which moves the Heavens: When Being, an Informant Form, styl'd also an Act, Perfection, Essence, Vertue, Beauty. 1890 Cent. Dict. at Informant Informant form,..a form which affects the specific essence of a thing, which penetrates the being of the matter, and is not merely extrinsically joined to it, as an assistant form, producing only motion. 1901 J. M. Baldwin Dict. Philos. & Psychol. 52 Informant Form, a form which is a part of the thing of which it is the form. B. n. 1. a. A person who communicates knowledge of a particular fact, subject or event; a provider of information. Cf. informer n. 3. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > action of informing > [noun] > person who teller1340 revelatorc1443 advertiser1548 intelligencer1569 upgiver1577 declarator1583 relater1593 relator1593 informer1598 imparter1600 intelligent1602 referendary1614 informant1641 1641 T. Creamor Gun-powder-plot in Ireland sig. A2 Hee met with one Maggennis an Irish Gentleman, who told him the Irish were resolved to roote out all the Scots out of Ireland,..and told this Informant [etc.]. 1693 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) I. 396 The informant, Polycarpus Rose, saith, That about 5 weeks since [etc.]. 1741 S. Richardson Pamela IV. xxxv. 204 But, dear Sir, your Knowledge of the Informants makes nothing at all as to the Truth of the Information. 1799 C. B. Brown Ormond ix. 104 How soon he meant to leave the city, her informant was unable to tell. 1826 J. W. Croker Let. 20 Mar. in Croker Papers (1884) I. xi. 314 You have heard the whole story from day to day by better informants. 1883 T. Martin Life Ld. Lyndhurst v. 135 His informant, as the hatchers of anecdotes too often are, was under a delusion. 1942 Amer. Speech 17 3 Since he introduces characters from all walks of life,..he is a better informant than..the writers for the learned journals. 1975 R. H. Rimmer Premar Exper. (1976) i. 56 According to my informant, Bren and Merle were living in a rundown tenement house in the ‘riot zone’. 2005 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 1 Dec. 45/2 One of Mann's expert informants argued that much of the Amazon tropical rain forest was in fact ‘anthropogenic’–directly or indirectly created by humans. b. spec. = informer n. 2. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > informing on or against > [noun] > informer wrayerc1000 wrobberc1300 discoverera1400 denunciator1474 informer1503 denouncer1533 detector1541 delatora1572 sycophant1579 inquisitor1580 scout1585 finger man1596 emphanista1631 quadruplator1632 informant1645 eastee-man1681 whiddler1699 runner1724 stag1725 snitch1785 qui tam1788 squeak1795 split1819 clype1825 telegraph1825 snitcher1827 Jack Nasty1837 pigeon1847 booker1863 squealer1865 pig1874 rounder1884 sneak1886 mouse1890 finger1899 fizgig1902 screamer1902 squeaker1903 canary1912 shopper1924 narker1932 snurge1933 cheese eater1935 singer1935 tip-off1941 top-off1941 tout1959 rat fink1961 whistle-blower1970 1645 in B. Cusack Everyday Eng. 1500–1700 (1998) 33 This Informant was constrained to take a Marsh forke from a Marshman to defend himselfe from hurt & violence, w^ch was like to bee offered to this Informant. 1676 in J. Raine Depos. Castle of York (1861) 223 This informant got hold of the head or web of the ax. 1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. 427 The attorney general, at the relation of some informant, (who is usually called the relator) files ex officio an information in the court of chancery. 1783 Eleventh Rep. Sel. Comm. Bengal, Bahar & Orissa sig. E1 It was the last Evidence of the Kind. The Informant was hanged. 1848 Act 11 & 12 Victoria c. 43 §10 The matter of such information shall be substantiated by the oath or affirmation of the informant. 1865 H. Martineau Hist. Peace II. i. xv. 246 The government, the magistrates, probably many of the informants of the latter themselves, and the public in general, were frightened. 1908 Virginia Law Reg. 13 945 The justice determines whether the informant is a credible resident or not. 1953 Mod. Law Rev. 16 424 The so-called complainant was in fact a criminal informant under the Public Order Act. 2007 Plain Dealer (Cleveland, Ohio) (Nexis) 11 Sept. b5 Prosecutors cited the fact that Bray, the informant in the case, changed his story about France after he was accused of attempted murder. c. spec. A person from whom a linguist, anthropologist, etc., obtains information about language, dialect, or culture.Early examples are perhaps merely contextual uses of sense B. 1a. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > action of informing > [noun] > person who > in response to survey, etc. respondent1528 informant1799 1799 M. Park Trav. Interior Districts Afr. xvi. 214 All my informants agreed, that many of the Negro merchants who arrive at Tombuctoo and Houssa..speak a different language from that of the Bambarra. 1835 A. Smith Diary 1 Oct. (1940) II. 251 The Bamaliti was an independent tribe in those times, but informant states that the Baharootzie were higher than them. 1889 A. J. Ellis On Early Eng. Pronunc. V. 2 Where I was unable to obtain vivâ voce or palaeotypic information, I had the same difficulty as before in interpreting the informants' orthography. 1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. xix. 324 The forms were collected in each case from a single informant by means of a questionnaire of some two-thousand words and phrases. 1944 Amer. Speech Apr. 135 The danger inherent in partial reporting, especially when based on..inadequate informant work. 1964 R. H. Robins Gen. Linguistics ix. 355 The informant is not a teacher, nor a linguist; he is simply a native speaker of the language willing to help the linguist in his work. 2005 Nature 3 Mar. 18/1 All informants recorded on tape, in Soqotri, their agreement and their understanding of the purpose of the research. †2. That which informs (inform v. 8a); an animating or vitalizing force. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > [noun] > bringing into action > that which or one who > that which informant1661 actuator1856 activator1904 1661 J. Glanvill Vanity of Dogmatizing xvi. 153 The matter can be actuated at once but by a single Informant. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1632
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