assaultn.

Brit.

/əˈsɔːlt/,

/əˈsɒlt/, U.S.

/əˈsɔlt/,

/əˈsɑlt/

Forms: Middle English asaȝt, Middle English–1600s asaut, assaut, Middle English asauȝt, Middle English–1500s asaute, asawt(e, assalt, Middle English a sawt(e, a-saute, Middle English–1500s assaute, assawte, 1500s a saute, a saulte, Middle English– assault.

Etymology: < Old French asaut (later assaut ), compare Provençal assalt , Italian assalto , Spanish asalto , < late popular Latin *adsaltus , < the simple saltus leap, which took the place of its Latin equivalent ad- , assultus , derivative of adsilīre , when the latter gave place to the analytical ad-salīre : see assail v.¹ The original asaut was altered (with an eye to the Latin), c1530, to assault . Already in 13th cent. aphetized to saut , whence in 16th cent. sault n.¹

a. gen. An onset or rush upon any one with hostile intent; an attack with blows or weapons.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > attack > [noun]

fiend-reseOE

frumresec1275

assault1297

sault1297

inracea1300

sailing13..

venuea1330

checkc1330

braid1340

affrayc1380

outrunningc1384

resinga1387

wara1387

riota1393

assailc1400

assayc1400

onset1423

rake?a1425

pursuitc1425

assemblinga1450

brunta1450

oncominga1450

assembly1487

envaya1500

oncomea1500

shovea1500

front1523

scry1523

attemptate1524

assaulting1548

push1565

brash1573

attempt1584

affront?1587

pulse1587

affret1590

saliaunce1590

invasion1591

assailment1592

insultation1596

aggressa1611

onslaught1613

source1616

confronta1626

impulsion1631

tentative1632

essaya1641

infall1645

attack1655

stroke1698

insult1710

coup de main1759

onfall1837

hurrah1841

beat-up of quarters1870

offensive1887

strafe1915

grand slam1916

hop-over1918

run1941

strike1942

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun]

assault1297

venuea1330

scoura1400

wassailc1400

frayc1430

brunta1450

sault1510

onseta1522

attemptate1524

onsetting1541

breach1578

dint1579

objectiona1586

invasion1591

extent1594

grassation1610

attack1655

run1751

wrack1863

mayhem1870

serve1967

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. 380 Vor trauayl of þe foul asaȝt.

c1314 Guy Warw. 74 Thou schalt gif the first asaut Opon the Almaundes.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds xix. 29 Thei maden a sawt..in to the teatre.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy xxvi. 10271 A folke þat was fell, fuerse of assaute.

1611 Bible (King James) 1 Macc. iv. 8 Neither be ye afraid of their assault .

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) iv. i. 24 In which assault, we lost twelue hundred men.

1877 W. Lytteil Landmarks Sc. Life & Lang. iii. i. 101 To guard the shores of Gaul against the assaults of these northern buccaneers.

b. spec. assault of arms n. (also assault at arms) an attack made upon each other by two fencers, etc., as an exercise or trial of skill; and, in a wider sense (after French assaut d'armes), a display of hand-to-hand military exercises.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > fencing > [noun] > display

assault of arms1691

1691 W. Hope Swordman's Vade-Mecum 68 He should..take his Lessons, and Assault in his Cloaths and walking Shoes.

1771 J. Olivier Fencing 141 An assault is the resemblance of a single fight with swords, where you perform..all the thrusts and all the parades that you learned by lessons.

1851 Handbill 27 Jan. Assault of Arms..at the Swan Hotel, Hastings.

1884 Daily News 26 May 5/6 Military Assault-at-Arms in aid of Charity, Kensington Town Hall.

2. The sudden rush or charge of an attacking force against the walls of a city or fortress; a storm; esp. in the phrases to make or give assault, to win, gain, take, or carry by assault.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > attack > [noun] > storming

assault1297

fraista1400

expugnationc1540

storm1645

storming1661

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. 409 Hii sette Roberd Courtehose..in þe Est syde, þe asaut vor to do.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xvii. 474 The assalt haf thai levit all.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) 519 They went to the castell of Iaffet and toke it with assaulte.

1520 Chron. Eng. v. f. 45^v/2 The kynges men gave a greate assaute unto the castell.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 619/1 I make a saulte to a towne.

1685 London Gaz. 24 Aug. 1/2 The Enemy gave several Assaults to the Outworks.

1872 J. Yeats Growth Commerce 180 He took Goa by assault.

3. An unlawful attack upon the person of another. (In Law a menacing word or action is sufficient to constitute an assault, the term battery being technical added when an actual blow is inflicted.)

ΘΚΠ

society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [noun] > unlawful violence > assault

assault1447

battery1531

striking1541

tusslement1597

tussle1629

common assault1743

1447–8 in S. A. Moore Lett. & Papers J. Shillingford (1871) 90 Affrayes assautes and other riotous mysgovernaunce.

1581 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha i. xvii. 135 An Assualt..can not bee perfourmed, without the offer of some hurtfull blowe, or at the least of some fearefull speache.

1589 R. Greene Menaphon sig. G4^v Without either assalt or anie such battrie.

1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. 120 If one lifts up his cane, or his fist, in a threatning manner at another; or strikes at him, but misses him; this is an assault.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 296 A soldier therefore by knocking down his colonel, incurred only the ordinary penalties of assault and battery.

4. An attack upon institutions, opinions, or customs; an endeavour to overthrow them by argument or by hostile measures.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > attack by hostile measures or words

bruntc1425

assaultc1449

battery1562

onset1566

brash1573

breach1578

onslaught1613

onfall1646

attack1653

assay?1705

to return to the charge1752

arietation1797

set-to1808

set1829

dead set1835

go-in1858

on-ding1871

hatchet work1938

blitzkrieg1939

blitz1940

carpet bombing1956

bowling1959

c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 71 For that he knowith me admytte and allowe the writingis..he makith aȝens me this assaut.

a1674 Earl of Clarendon Hist. Rebellion (1702) i. 31 After the Dissolution of this third Parliament, which proceeded some unhappy Assaults it made upon the Prerogative.

a1704 J. Locke Conduct of Understanding §24 in Posthumous Wks. (1706) 80 Such Theories built upon narrow Foundations stand but weakly, and..are at least very hardly to be supported against the Assaults of Opposition.

1841–8 F. Myers Catholic Thoughts II. iv. §22. 291 The assaults which are made upon them by natural and scholastic scepticism.

5. transferred and figurative. Hostile approach, attack, onset.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > attack by some hostile or injurious agency

onfalleOE

oncomea1225

sailing13..

visitinga1382

siegec1385

assault1508

visitation1535

assaulting1548

onset1566

assailment1592

blow1594

insult1603

attempt1662

attack1665

offencea1677

seizure1881

1508 Bp. J. Fisher Wks. (1876) 277 Abidynge the sharpe assautes of deth.

1814 W. Wordsworth Excursion v. 233 Unshaken bears the assault Of their most dreaded foe, the strong South-west.

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. xx. 245 In the polar zone the assault [of the climate] is immediate and sudden.

6. esp. An attack by spiritual enemies; a temptation to evil. (The earliest use in English.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > spiritual attack

assaulta1250

sault1297

assailing1340

impugnation1398

incoursea1440

objectionc1475

buffeting1570

a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 87 Þer þes deofles assauz beoð ofte strengest.

1483 W. Caxton tr. A. Chartier Curial sig. iv^v Thassaultes of whyche I am enuyronned.

1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 845 Hear what assaults I had, what snares besides, What sieges girt me round.

1877 W. Sparrow Serm. iii. 32 The enemy makes there his subtlest and strongest assault..and thus the man falls.

†7. A love-proposal, a wooing. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > love > courtship or wooing > [noun] > act of courtship > love proposal or declaration

assault1600

declaration1740

1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing ii. iii. 114 Inuincible against all assaults of affection.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) i. vi. 151 The King my Father shall be made acquainted Of thy Assault .

Compounds

C1. Applied attributively to equipment or troops used in making an assault, as assault boat, assault craft, assault ship, assault troops;

ΚΠ

1941 War Illustr. 18 Apr. 398 Collapsible boats of wood and canvas, known as assault boats, much larger than the rubber boats, are used when a number of troops are to be carried across water.

1943 Combined Operations ii. 17 Landing craft are carried by infantry landing ships, originally known as assault ships.

1943 Hutchinson's Pict. Hist. War July 247/2 As the assault craft headed towards the beaches, everything was very quiet.

1945 Daily Tel. 12 June 1/1 Assault troops of the Australian Ninth Division..quickly established beachheads against almost no resistance.

1959 Times 8 Sept. 4/2 Rotodyne vertical take-off and landing aircraft..will be able to carry 70 fully equipped assault troops.

C2.

assault course n. a course of training in assault; also assault practice.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > drill or training > [noun] > type of drill or training

sham fight1598

field exercise1616

martinet1677

field evolutions1789

foot drill1795

goose-step1806

war-game1828

rope drill1833

field training1836

repetition training1859

skeleton drill1876

drill-down1889

Beast Barracks1896

basic training1898

monkey motion1909

assault course1915

TEWT1942

workup1971

Taceval1977

1915 Bayonet Fighting (H.M.S.O.) 1 To obtain efficiency with the bayonet, the men..should frequently carry out the Final Assault Practice.

1916 Bayonet Training vi. 26 The ‘points’ will also be practised..on dummies placed, as a preparation for the Final Assault Course, in positions of increasing difficulty.

1943 Combined Operations ii. 16 (caption) Assault Course. In the battle schools, British troops are trained under realistic conditions.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

assaultv.

Brit.

/əˈsɔːlt/,

/əˈsɒlt/, U.S.

/əˈsɔlt/,

/əˈsɑlt/

Forms: Middle English–1500s assawte, 1500s a saute, assaute, assalt, 1600s assult, 1500s– assault. apheticMiddle English–1600s sault n.¹, etc.

Etymology: < Old French asaute-r, cognate with Italian assaltare , Spanish asaltar , Romanic type ad- , assaltāre , < Latin ad to, at + saltāre to leap, spring, which took the place of the Latin equivalent ad- , assultāre , frequentative of ad-silīre . Compare assault n. and assail v.¹

a. To make a violent hostile attack by physical means upon (a person, army, etc.); to commit an unlawful or criminal assault upon the person of (see assault n. 3). to assault a city or to assault a fortress: (in modern usage) to attack it by a sudden rush of armed men, to storm.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > attack > attack [verb (transitive)]

greetc893

overfallOE

riseOE

assail?c1225

to lay on or upon?c1225

onseekc1275

to set on ——c1290

infighta1300

saila1300

to go upon ——c1300

to turn one's handc1325

lashc1330

annoyc1380

impugnc1384

offendc1385

to fall on ——a1387

sault1387

affrayc1390

to set upon ——1390

to fall upon ——a1398

to lay at?a1400

semblea1400

assayc1400

havec1400

aset1413

oppressa1425

attachc1425

to set at ——c1430

fraya1440

fray1465

oppugn?a1475

sayc1475

envaye1477

pursue1488

envahisshe1489

assaulta1500

to lay to, untoa1500

requirea1500

enterprise?1510

invade1513

assemblec1515

expugn1530

to fare on1535

to fall into ——1550

mount1568

attack?1576

affront1579

invest1598

canvass1599

to take arms1604

attempt1605

to make force at, to, upon1607

salute1609

offence1614

strikea1616

to give a lift at1622

to get at ——1650

insult1697

to walk into ——1794

to go in at1812

to go for ——1838

to light on ——1842

strafe1915

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)]

assail?c1225

to set on ——c1290

saila1300

to turn one's handc1325

lashc1330

to set against ——c1330

impugnc1384

offendc1385

weighc1386

checka1400

to lay at?a1400

havec1400

to set at ——c1430

fraya1440

rehetea1450

besail1460

fray1465

tuilyie1487

assaulta1500

enterprise?1510

invade1513

sturt1513

attempt1546

lay1580

tilt1589

to fall aboard——1593

yoke1596

to let into1598

to fall foul1602

attack1655

do1780

to go in at1812

to pitch into ——1823

tackle1828

vampire1832

bushwhack1837

to go for ——1838

take1864

pile1867

volcano1867

to set about ——1879

vampirize1888

to get stuck into1910

to take to ——1911

weigh1941

rugby-tackle1967

rugger-tackle1967

society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [verb (transitive)] > commit assault upon

assault1722

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 69 Yef he me assawte with werre.

a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) ii. vii. sig. o.iii As the kynges were sautynge this forsayd cite.

1611 Bible (King James) Acts xvii. 5 And assaulted the house of Iason.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) v. ii. 265 Speake to me, Or naked as I am, I will assault thee.

1685 N. Crouch Eng. Empire in Amer. i. 21 His Horsemen..assulted Atahaliba's people.

1722 D. Defoe Moll Flanders 305 He should commit him to Newgate for Assaulting the Constable.

1860 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) V. xxvi. 206 The next morning Norwich was assaulted.

1884 Daily News 23 June 5/3 Two lads of nine were accused of assaulting a little boy of three.

b. figurative or transferred.

ΚΠ

1622 R. Hawkins Observ. Voiage South Sea xvii. 39 The Gownes being well soked, every man..tooke one, and assaulted the fire.

1709 A. Pope Let. 7 May (1956) I. 56 'Tis a Mercy I do not assault you with a number of Original Sonnets & Epigrams.

2. To attack with hostile words; to speak or write directly against; = assail v.¹ 5a. archaic or Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > speaking against or contradiction > speak against or contradict [verb (transitive)] > hostilely

assail?c1400

assault1561

1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. i. f. 18 To shew y^e quicknesse of their witt in assalting the truthe of God.

1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon i. ii. 83 The Leaguers..wish'd they had never assaulted the Duke by the way of writing.

3. To attack with reasoning or argument; to address with the object of persuading, convincing, or controverting; = assail v.¹ 6. archaic or Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > putting forward for discussion > put forward [verb (transitive)] > attack with arguments

objectc1460

assaila1500

assault1551

wring1567

contestate?1572

question1613

join1632

contest1663

concert1689

1551 R. Robinson in tr. T. More Vtopia Epist. sig. ✠v To assault me, until he..persuaded me.

1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. v. 464 Hoping..that they would not..have thought fit to assault him with a newer Declaration.

4. Of things: To come roughly against, so as to batter, injure, or hurt; to dash against; = assail v.¹ 4b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > attack (of hostile agency)

besetOE

infighta1300

saila1300

seeka1300

visitc1340

beclipc1380

entainc1380

seizec1381

offendc1385

affectc1425

rehetea1450

take1483

attaintc1534

prevent1535

attach1541

attempt1546

affront1579

buffeta1593

to get at ——1650

assault1667

insult1697

to lay at1899

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 953 A universal hubbub..assaults his eare.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. xlviii. 25 His vessel was assaulted by a violent tempest.

1850 T. T. Lynch Memorials Theophilus Trinal xii. 230 The roaring of the waves..assaults our ear.

5. Of physical or mental states, as of disease: To come upon, attack, invade. archaic or Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > affect with disease [verb (transitive)] > attack

ofseche?c1225

takec1300

smitea1325

strike1530

infest1542

assault1594

attack1665

grip1818

1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 365 Gowtie persons..be not assaulted with such great and vehement floods of waters.

1646 D. Evance Justa Honoraria 7 Upon my Lords Sickness. Being first only for four days Aguishly distempered, then fiercely assaulted with a Lethargy.

1773 H. Chapone Lett. Improvem. Mind II. 20 When we find ourselves assaulted by this infirmity.

6. To assail with temptations; to tempt, try. archaic or Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > attack spiritually

assailc1225

saila1300

assaulta1535

the mind > will > motivation > attraction, allurement, or enticement > attract, allure, or entice [verb (transitive)] > tempt

afondOE

fandOE

assailc1225

temptc1230

tenta1250

attempta1513

assay1532

assaulta1535

attack1655

a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) ii. xvi. sig. K.vii Nor all the deuils in hel so strong to inuade him and assaulte hym, as god is to defende hym.

1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. xiv. 232 Satan ceaseth not to assault our faith.

1714 J. Addison Spectator No. 598. ¶7 Levity of Temper..opens a Pass to his Soul for any Temptation that assaults it.

a. absol. chiefly in sense 1 (In quot. 1575 A saute may be the noun used interjectionally.)

ΚΠ

1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. ix. 23 To teche hem bettre in all thynges to fighte and to sawte.

1575 T. Churchyard 1st Pt. Chippes f. 8 ^v A saute, a saute, we lye ore long in trenche.

a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) ii. i. 408 Say, where will you assault ?

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 657 By Batterie, Scale, and Mine, Assaulting .

b. To attack in fencing: see assault n. 1b.

ΚΠ

1691 W. Hope Swordman's Vade-Mecum 58 When People assault, it is commonly with Blunts.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	assault
释义	assaultn. Brit. /əˈsɔːlt/, /əˈsɒlt/, U.S. /əˈsɔlt/, /əˈsɑlt/ Forms: Middle English asaȝt, Middle English–1600s asaut, assaut, Middle English asauȝt, Middle English–1500s asaute, asawt(e, assalt, Middle English a sawt(e, a-saute, Middle English–1500s assaute, assawte, 1500s a saute, a saulte, Middle English– assault. Etymology: < Old French asaut (later assaut ), compare Provençal assalt , Italian assalto , Spanish asalto , < late popular Latin adsaltus , < the simple saltus* leap, which took the place of its Latin equivalent ad- , assultus , derivative of adsilīre , when the latter gave place to the analytical ad-salīre : see assail v.¹ The original asaut was altered (with an eye to the Latin), c1530, to assault . Already in 13th cent. aphetized to saut , whence in 16th cent. sault n.¹ 1. a. gen. An onset or rush upon any one with hostile intent; an attack with blows or weapons. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > [noun] fiend-reseOE frumresec1275 assault1297 sault1297 inracea1300 sailing13.. venuea1330 checkc1330 braid1340 affrayc1380 outrunningc1384 resinga1387 wara1387 riota1393 assailc1400 assayc1400 onset1423 rake?a1425 pursuitc1425 assemblinga1450 brunta1450 oncominga1450 assembly1487 envaya1500 oncomea1500 shovea1500 front1523 scry1523 attemptate1524 assaulting1548 push1565 brash1573 attempt1584 affront?1587 pulse1587 affret1590 saliaunce1590 invasion1591 assailment1592 insultation1596 aggressa1611 onslaught1613 source1616 confronta1626 impulsion1631 tentative1632 essaya1641 infall1645 attack1655 stroke1698 insult1710 coup de main1759 onfall1837 hurrah1841 beat-up of quarters1870 offensive1887 strafe1915 grand slam1916 hop-over1918 run1941 strike1942 the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] assault1297 venuea1330 scoura1400 wassailc1400 frayc1430 brunta1450 sault1510 onseta1522 attemptate1524 onsetting1541 breach1578 dint1579 objectiona1586 invasion1591 extent1594 grassation1610 attack1655 run1751 wrack1863 mayhem1870 serve1967 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. 380 Vor trauayl of þe foul asaȝt. c1314 Guy Warw. 74 Thou schalt gif the first asaut Opon the Almaundes. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds xix. 29 Thei maden a sawt..in to the teatre. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy xxvi. 10271 A folke þat was fell, fuerse of assaute. 1611 Bible (King James) 1 Macc. iv. 8 Neither be ye afraid of their assault . View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) iv. i. 24 In which assault, we lost twelue hundred men. View more context for this quotation 1877 W. Lytteil Landmarks Sc. Life & Lang. iii. i. 101 To guard the shores of Gaul against the assaults of these northern buccaneers. b. spec. assault of arms n. (also assault at arms) an attack made upon each other by two fencers, etc., as an exercise or trial of skill; and, in a wider sense (after French assaut d'armes), a display of hand-to-hand military exercises. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > fencing > [noun] > display assault of arms1691 1691 W. Hope Swordman's Vade-Mecum 68 He should..take his Lessons, and Assault in his Cloaths and walking Shoes. 1771 J. Olivier Fencing 141 An assault is the resemblance of a single fight with swords, where you perform..all the thrusts and all the parades that you learned by lessons. 1851 Handbill 27 Jan. Assault of Arms..at the Swan Hotel, Hastings. 1884 Daily News 26 May 5/6 Military Assault-at-Arms in aid of Charity, Kensington Town Hall. 2. The sudden rush or charge of an attacking force against the walls of a city or fortress; a storm; esp. in the phrases to make or give assault, to win, gain, take, or carry by assault. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > [noun] > storming assault1297 fraista1400 expugnationc1540 storm1645 storming1661 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. 409 Hii sette Roberd Courtehose..in þe Est syde, þe asaut vor to do. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xvii. 474 The assalt haf thai levit all. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) 519 They went to the castell of Iaffet and toke it with assaulte. 1520 Chron. Eng. v. f. 45^v/2 The kynges men gave a greate assaute unto the castell. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 619/1 I make a saulte to a towne. 1685 London Gaz. 24 Aug. 1/2 The Enemy gave several Assaults to the Outworks. 1872 J. Yeats Growth Commerce 180 He took Goa by assault. 3. An unlawful attack upon the person of another. (In Law a menacing word or action is sufficient to constitute an assault, the term battery being technical added when an actual blow is inflicted.) ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [noun] > unlawful violence > assault assault1447 battery1531 striking1541 tusslement1597 tussle1629 common assault1743 1447–8 in S. A. Moore Lett. & Papers J. Shillingford (1871) 90 Affrayes assautes and other riotous mysgovernaunce. 1581 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha i. xvii. 135 An Assualt..can not bee perfourmed, without the offer of some hurtfull blowe, or at the least of some fearefull speache. 1589 R. Greene Menaphon sig. G4^v Without either assalt or anie such battrie. 1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. 120 If one lifts up his cane, or his fist, in a threatning manner at another; or strikes at him, but misses him; this is an assault. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 296 A soldier therefore by knocking down his colonel, incurred only the ordinary penalties of assault and battery. 4. An attack upon institutions, opinions, or customs; an endeavour to overthrow them by argument or by hostile measures. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > attack by hostile measures or words bruntc1425 assaultc1449 battery1562 onset1566 brash1573 breach1578 onslaught1613 onfall1646 attack1653 assay?1705 to return to the charge1752 arietation1797 set-to1808 set1829 dead set1835 go-in1858 on-ding1871 hatchet work1938 blitzkrieg1939 blitz1940 carpet bombing1956 bowling1959 c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 71 For that he knowith me admytte and allowe the writingis..he makith aȝens me this assaut. a1674 Earl of Clarendon Hist. Rebellion (1702) i. 31 After the Dissolution of this third Parliament, which proceeded some unhappy Assaults it made upon the Prerogative. a1704 J. Locke Conduct of Understanding §24 in Posthumous Wks. (1706) 80 Such Theories built upon narrow Foundations stand but weakly, and..are at least very hardly to be supported against the Assaults of Opposition. 1841–8 F. Myers Catholic Thoughts II. iv. §22. 291 The assaults which are made upon them by natural and scholastic scepticism. 5. transferred and figurative. Hostile approach, attack, onset. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > attack by some hostile or injurious agency onfalleOE oncomea1225 sailing13.. visitinga1382 siegec1385 assault1508 visitation1535 assaulting1548 onset1566 assailment1592 blow1594 insult1603 attempt1662 attack1665 offencea1677 seizure1881 1508 Bp. J. Fisher Wks. (1876) 277 Abidynge the sharpe assautes of deth. 1814 W. Wordsworth Excursion v. 233 Unshaken bears the assault Of their most dreaded foe, the strong South-west. View more context for this quotation 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. xx. 245 In the polar zone the assault [of the climate] is immediate and sudden. 6. esp. An attack by spiritual enemies; a temptation to evil. (The earliest use in English.) ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > spiritual attack assaulta1250 sault1297 assailing1340 impugnation1398 incoursea1440 objectionc1475 buffeting1570 a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 87 Þer þes deofles assauz beoð ofte strengest. 1483 W. Caxton tr. A. Chartier Curial sig. iv^v Thassaultes of whyche I am enuyronned. 1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 845 Hear what assaults I had, what snares besides, What sieges girt me round. View more context for this quotation 1877 W. Sparrow Serm. iii. 32 The enemy makes there his subtlest and strongest assault..and thus the man falls. †7. A love-proposal, a wooing. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > courtship or wooing > [noun] > act of courtship > love proposal or declaration assault1600 declaration1740 1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing ii. iii. 114 Inuincible against all assaults of affection. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) i. vi. 151 The King my Father shall be made acquainted Of thy Assault . View more context for this quotation Compounds C1. Applied attributively to equipment or troops used in making an assault, as assault boat, assault craft, assault ship, assault troops; ΚΠ 1941 War Illustr. 18 Apr. 398 Collapsible boats of wood and canvas, known as assault boats, much larger than the rubber boats, are used when a number of troops are to be carried across water. 1943 Combined Operations ii. 17 Landing craft are carried by infantry landing ships, originally known as assault ships. 1943 Hutchinson's Pict. Hist. War July 247/2 As the assault craft headed towards the beaches, everything was very quiet. 1945 Daily Tel. 12 June 1/1 Assault troops of the Australian Ninth Division..quickly established beachheads against almost no resistance. 1959 Times 8 Sept. 4/2 Rotodyne vertical take-off and landing aircraft..will be able to carry 70 fully equipped assault troops. C2. assault course n. a course of training in assault; also assault practice. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > drill or training > [noun] > type of drill or training sham fight1598 field exercise1616 martinet1677 field evolutions1789 foot drill1795 goose-step1806 war-game1828 rope drill1833 field training1836 repetition training1859 skeleton drill1876 drill-down1889 Beast Barracks1896 basic training1898 monkey motion1909 assault course1915 TEWT1942 workup1971 Taceval1977 1915 Bayonet Fighting (H.M.S.O.) 1 To obtain efficiency with the bayonet, the men..should frequently carry out the Final Assault Practice. 1916 Bayonet Training vi. 26 The ‘points’ will also be practised..on dummies placed, as a preparation for the Final Assault Course, in positions of increasing difficulty. 1943 Combined Operations ii. 16 (caption) Assault Course. In the battle schools, British troops are trained under realistic conditions. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2022). assaultv. Brit. /əˈsɔːlt/, /əˈsɒlt/, U.S. /əˈsɔlt/, /əˈsɑlt/ Forms: Middle English–1500s assawte, 1500s a saute, assaute, assalt, 1600s assult, 1500s– assault. apheticMiddle English–1600s sault n.¹, etc. Etymology: < Old French asaute-r, cognate with Italian assaltare , Spanish asaltar , Romanic type ad- , assaltāre , < Latin ad to, at + saltāre to leap, spring, which took the place of the Latin equivalent ad- , assultāre , frequentative of ad-silīre . Compare assault n. and assail v.¹ 1. a. To make a violent hostile attack by physical means upon (a person, army, etc.); to commit an unlawful or criminal assault upon the person of (see assault n. 3). to assault a city or to assault a fortress: (in modern usage) to attack it by a sudden rush of armed men, to storm. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > attack [verb (transitive)] greetc893 overfallOE riseOE assail?c1225 to lay on or upon?c1225 onseekc1275 to set on ——c1290 infighta1300 saila1300 to go upon ——c1300 to turn one's handc1325 lashc1330 annoyc1380 impugnc1384 offendc1385 to fall on ——a1387 sault1387 affrayc1390 to set upon ——1390 to fall upon ——a1398 to lay at?a1400 semblea1400 assayc1400 havec1400 aset1413 oppressa1425 attachc1425 to set at ——c1430 fraya1440 fray1465 oppugn?a1475 sayc1475 envaye1477 pursue1488 envahisshe1489 assaulta1500 to lay to, untoa1500 requirea1500 enterprise?1510 invade1513 assemblec1515 expugn1530 to fare on1535 to fall into ——1550 mount1568 attack?1576 affront1579 invest1598 canvass1599 to take arms1604 attempt1605 to make force at, to, upon1607 salute1609 offence1614 strikea1616 to give a lift at1622 to get at ——1650 insult1697 to walk into ——1794 to go in at1812 to go for ——1838 to light on ——1842 strafe1915 the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] assail?c1225 to set on ——c1290 saila1300 to turn one's handc1325 lashc1330 to set against ——c1330 impugnc1384 offendc1385 weighc1386 checka1400 to lay at?a1400 havec1400 to set at ——c1430 fraya1440 rehetea1450 besail1460 fray1465 tuilyie1487 assaulta1500 enterprise?1510 invade1513 sturt1513 attempt1546 lay1580 tilt1589 to fall aboard——1593 yoke1596 to let into1598 to fall foul1602 attack1655 do1780 to go in at1812 to pitch into ——1823 tackle1828 vampire1832 bushwhack1837 to go for ——1838 take1864 pile1867 volcano1867 to set about ——1879 vampirize1888 to get stuck into1910 to take to ——1911 weigh1941 rugby-tackle1967 rugger-tackle1967 society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [verb (transitive)] > commit assault upon assault1722 a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 69 Yef he me assawte with werre. a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) ii. vii. sig. o.iii As the kynges were sautynge this forsayd cite. 1611 Bible (King James) Acts xvii. 5 And assaulted the house of Iason. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) v. ii. 265 Speake to me, Or naked as I am, I will assault thee. View more context for this quotation 1685 N. Crouch Eng. Empire in Amer. i. 21 His Horsemen..assulted Atahaliba's people. 1722 D. Defoe Moll Flanders 305 He should commit him to Newgate for Assaulting the Constable. 1860 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) V. xxvi. 206 The next morning Norwich was assaulted. 1884 Daily News 23 June 5/3 Two lads of nine were accused of assaulting a little boy of three. b. figurative or transferred. ΚΠ 1622 R. Hawkins Observ. Voiage South Sea xvii. 39 The Gownes being well soked, every man..tooke one, and assaulted the fire. 1709 A. Pope Let. 7 May (1956) I. 56 'Tis a Mercy I do not assault you with a number of Original Sonnets & Epigrams. 2. To attack with hostile words; to speak or write directly against; = assail v.¹ 5a. archaic or Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > speaking against or contradiction > speak against or contradict [verb (transitive)] > hostilely assail?c1400 assault1561 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. i. f. 18 To shew y^e quicknesse of their witt in assalting the truthe of God. 1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon i. ii. 83 The Leaguers..wish'd they had never assaulted the Duke by the way of writing. 3. To attack with reasoning or argument; to address with the object of persuading, convincing, or controverting; = assail v.¹ 6. archaic or Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > putting forward for discussion > put forward [verb (transitive)] > attack with arguments objectc1460 assaila1500 assault1551 wring1567 contestate?1572 question1613 join1632 contest1663 concert1689 1551 R. Robinson in tr. T. More Vtopia Epist. sig. ✠v To assault me, until he..persuaded me. 1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. v. 464 Hoping..that they would not..have thought fit to assault him with a newer Declaration. 4. Of things: To come roughly against, so as to batter, injure, or hurt; to dash against; = assail v.¹ 4b. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > attack (of hostile agency) besetOE infighta1300 saila1300 seeka1300 visitc1340 beclipc1380 entainc1380 seizec1381 offendc1385 affectc1425 rehetea1450 take1483 attaintc1534 prevent1535 attach1541 attempt1546 affront1579 buffeta1593 to get at ——1650 assault1667 insult1697 to lay at1899 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 953 A universal hubbub..assaults his eare. View more context for this quotation 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. xlviii. 25 His vessel was assaulted by a violent tempest. 1850 T. T. Lynch Memorials Theophilus Trinal xii. 230 The roaring of the waves..assaults our ear. 5. Of physical or mental states, as of disease: To come upon, attack, invade. archaic or Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > affect with disease [verb (transitive)] > attack ofseche?c1225 takec1300 smitea1325 strike1530 infest1542 assault1594 attack1665 grip1818 1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 365 Gowtie persons..be not assaulted with such great and vehement floods of waters. 1646 D. Evance Justa Honoraria 7 Upon my Lords Sickness. Being first only for four days Aguishly distempered, then fiercely assaulted with a Lethargy. 1773 H. Chapone Lett. Improvem. Mind II. 20 When we find ourselves assaulted by this infirmity. 6. To assail with temptations; to tempt, try. archaic or Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > attack spiritually assailc1225 saila1300 assaulta1535 the mind > will > motivation > attraction, allurement, or enticement > attract, allure, or entice [verb (transitive)] > tempt afondOE fandOE assailc1225 temptc1230 tenta1250 attempta1513 assay1532 assaulta1535 attack1655 a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) ii. xvi. sig. K.vii Nor all the deuils in hel so strong to inuade him and assaulte hym, as god is to defende hym. 1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. xiv. 232 Satan ceaseth not to assault our faith. 1714 J. Addison Spectator No. 598. ¶7 Levity of Temper..opens a Pass to his Soul for any Temptation that assaults it. 7. a. absol. chiefly in sense 1 (In quot. 1575 A saute may be the noun used interjectionally.) ΚΠ 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. ix. 23 To teche hem bettre in all thynges to fighte and to sawte. 1575 T. Churchyard 1st Pt. Chippes f. 8 ^v A saute, a saute, we lye ore long in trenche. a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) ii. i. 408 Say, where will you assault ? View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 657 By Batterie, Scale, and Mine, Assaulting . View more context for this quotation b. To attack in fencing: see assault n. 1b. ΚΠ 1691 W. Hope Swordman's Vade-Mecum 58 When People assault, it is commonly with Blunts. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a1250v.1489
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