inertian.

/ɪˈnəːʃɪə/

Etymology: The Latin, = want of art or skill, unskilfulness; inactivity, < iners , inert-em inert adj. The Latin term was introduced into Physics by Kepler.

a. Physics. That property of matter by virtue of which it continues in its existing state, whether of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line, unless that state is altered by an external force. Originally used as Latin, and also called vis inertiæ (force of inertia). centre of inertia, moment of inertia, product of inertia: see centre n.¹ and adj., moment n., product n.¹

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > dynamics > [noun] > inertia

vis inertiae1710

inertia1713

inertness1768

1687 I. Newton Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica Def. iii. 2 Materiæ vis insita est potentia resistendi..neque differt quicquam ab inertia Massæ.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Vis insita Materiæ or Vis Inertiæ, is the bare Power of Resistance only, by which every Body..endeavours to continue in that State in which it is, either of Rest or Motion.]

1713 W. Derham Physico-theol. i. v. 33 The cause of the Resistance of all Fluids..is partly from the Friction of the parts of the Fluid, partly from the Inertia thereof.1760 F. Blake in Philos. Trans. 1759 (Royal Soc.) 51 2 By the principles of Mechanics, the Inertia of any bodies revolving about a Center is as the quantities of matter into the squares of the Brachia.1803 J. Wood Princ. Mech. (ed. 3) i. 8 Inactivity may be considered..as that quality by which it resists any such change. In this..sense it is usually called the force of inactivity, the inertia, or the vis inertiæ.1879 W. Thomson & P. G. Tait Treat. Nat. Philos. (new ed.) I: Pt. i. §216 The Inertia of matter is proportional to the quantity of matter in the body.1882 G. M. Minchin Uniplanar Kinematics 107 The force of inertia of a moving particle, in any direction, is the product of its mass and its component of acceleration in that direction.figurative.1843 J. Martineau Endeavours Christian Life I. x. 149 The inertia of a massive civilization.1852 W. E. Gladstone Functions of Laymen in Church 21 That bias..in favour of trusting to the force of inertia, to the chapter of accidents.

b. electric inertia, a term applied to the resistance offered by a circuit to sudden changes of current, due to self- or mutual induction, or both. magnetic inertia, that property of a magnetic substance which prevents its being instantaneously magnetized or demagnetized.

ΚΠ

1886 O. Heaviside Electr. Papers II. 60 The inertia, in the electro-magnetic case, is that of the magnetic field, not of the electricity.

1892 S. P. Thompson Dynamo-electr. Machinery (ed. 4) 83 We know that every electric current possesses a property sometimes called ‘electric inertia’, sometimes called ‘self-induction’, by virtue of which it tends to go on, and that it is in the current's own magnetic field that this inertia of self-induction resides.

c. Photography. The exposure corresponding to the inertia point, from which the Hurter and Driffield speed of an emulsion may be calculated.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > action of taking photograph > technical factors > [noun] > filter factor or scale of exposure

exposure1839

time exposure1870

inertiac1886

latitude1889

factor1900

filter factor1904

inertia point1907

intermittency effect1907

Scheiner number1911

scale1920

c1886 F. Hurter in W. B. Ferguson Photogr. Res. Hurter & Driffield (1920) 12 Supposing that a source of diffuse white light of intensity one acting directly upon a plate needed a time t to so far alter a bromide of silver gelatine film on that plate that an impenetrable black deposit of silver was caused upon it on development... That time t..measures the inertia of the plate.

1888 F. Hurter & V. C. Driffield Brit. Patent 5545/1888 1 Upon one of the fixed pair of scales..we mark what we call and hereinafter define as the ‘inertia’ or slowness of the plate.

1899 C. F. Townsend Chem. for Photographers (ed. 2) iv. 73 Several of the dots are in a straight line; this is the period of correct exposure. The straight line is prolonged to meet the base line, and the number read off, which gives the ‘inertia’ of the plate.

1927 C. B. Neblette Photogr. ix. 238 The inertia is an inverse measure of the speed of the plate: that is to say, a slow plate has a high inertia while a rapid plate has a low inertia.

1927 C. B. Neblette Photogr. ix. 238 The precise significance of the inertia as a measure of speed is somewhat difficult to define. The exposure which it represents is not the ‘threshold exposure’ (the minimum exposure necessary to produce a measurable density) nor does it indicate the maximum [? read minimum] exposure which will give proper rendering of the gradations of the subject, but an exposure somewhere between these extremes.

1955 E. F. Teal tr. L. Lobel & M. Dubois Sensitometry 96 Characteristic curves are drawn for a range of development times using a developer containing no restraining bromide. The straight line portions of the curves intersect on the log exposure axis at E, called the inertia point. Distance OE is the inertia i and the H. & D. speed is defined as 34/i, i being measured in log candle-metre-seconds.

2. transferred. Inactivity; disinclination to act or exert oneself; inertness, sloth, apathy.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > [noun]

accidiaOE

accidie?c1225

lethargyc1380

faintness1398

lithernessc1425

listlesshedec1440

owlisthead1440

supinity1548

lustlessness1556

benumbedness1566

phlegm1578

apoplexy1589

acedia1607

torpor1607

drowsiness1611

torpidity1614

languishmentc1620

hebetude1621

acedy1623

inerty1623

supineness1640

listlessness1646

cadaveriety1651

inertitude1656

oscitation1656

torpulency1657

sopor1658

phlegmaticness1659

lethargicalness1664

torpidnessa1676

faineantisea1684

phlegmatism1688

vis inertiae1710

torpitude1713

moonery1764

donothingness1814

benumbment1817

inertia1821

languor1825

donothingism1839

Mondayishness1850

mooniness1852

mooning1857

fainéantisme1873

sog1874

Oblomovism1902

1821 T. De Quincey Confessions Eng. Opium-eater in London Mag. Oct. 361/2 Tranquillity that seemed no product of inertia.

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. v. ii. 234 By wise inertia, and wise cessation of inertia, great victory has been gained.

1868 M. Pattison Suggestions Acad. Organisation v. 148 An aimless inertia, an Oriental lassitude of habit, are not seldom seen to be the consequence of high philosophical training.

Compounds

Special combinations:

Categories »

inertia governor n. Engineering a governor which operates by virtue of both centrifugal force and inertia (1934 in Webster).

inertia point n. Photography the point in which the straight-line portion of the characteristic curve cuts the horizontal (log exposure) axis when produced.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > action of taking photograph > technical factors > [noun] > filter factor or scale of exposure

exposure1839

time exposure1870

inertiac1886

latitude1889

factor1900

filter factor1904

inertia point1907

intermittency effect1907

Scheiner number1911

scale1920

1907 S. E. Sheppard & C. E. K. Mees Investigations Theory Photogr. Process ii. vi. 221 The reciprocity failure may be considered to start at much the same point relatively to the inertia points in the two plates.

1955 [see sense 1c].

1957 K. M. Hornsby Sensitometry in Pract. ii. 9 Hurter and Driffield regarded the inertia point as a fixed characteristic of the emulsion, and they used it as a criterion by which to specify the sensitivity of emulsions. This criterion is not now recognised as an unchangeable characteristic of the emulsion since..fog will shift it to the left..and a developer containing bromide does not give a constant inertia point for all development times.

inertia reel n. Motoring a reel which enables a safety belt looped around it to be self-adjusting, esp. in inertia reel (safety) belt; also the belt served by the reel.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > seat-belt

belt1915

seat belt1932

safety belt1938

lap belt1952

lap strap1960

harness1962

inertia reel1962

1962 Daily Tel. 14 Aug. 16/6 The webbing runs off a small inertia reel mounted at the foot of the door pillar.

1962 B.S.I. News Dec. 10/1 With the exception of inertia-reel models..all the belts on display seemed to bear a Kite-mark label.

1968 Economist 6 July 49/2 Not so usual are inertia reel belts, the sort that are always held at the correct tension (many injuries to wearers of seat belts may arise because they were too loose).

1970 Motoring Which? Apr. 43/2 Daimler V-8 250..radio (with power operated aerial), automatic (inertia reel) safety belts; two years old.

1971 Guardian 25 Jan. 7/7 Spaghetti belts are replaced by inertia reels.

inertia selling n. the supply of goods to persons who have not requested them, in the hope that the recipients will not take the necessary action to refuse them.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > selling > [noun] > selling method or technique > types of

branding1913

cross-selling1919

mass marketing1920

supermarketing1940

hard sell1945

market testing1947

sales drive1951

soft sell1953

rack-jobbing1954

switch selling1960

cold selling1961

telesales1962

telemarketing1963

loss-leading1964

test-marketing1964

pyramid selling1965

inertia selling1968

overselling1968

bundling1969

oversell1969

rack job1969

bounceback1970

party plan1973

sale-leaseback1973

up-marketing1975

sellathon1976

upselling1977

cold calling1978

cold call1980

network marketing1981

ambush marketing1987

green marketing1988

relationship marketing1988

freemium1994

e-tailing1995

1968 Times 25 Apr. 14/3 Mrs. Butler..asked if the President of the Board of Trade would take powers to control inertia selling campaigns... She deplores this exploitation of inertia sales promotion... It will be difficult for people who are subjected to inertia selling.

1970 Times 13 Jan. 4/6 The Daily Mail reported on the banning..of inertia selling advertisements... Inertia selling was the practice by which companies sent unsolicited goods, then pestered people for payment if they were not returned.

1970 New Statesman 13 Feb. 217/1 Now the Consumer Council is urging another dairy monopolist to abandon the practice of slipping homogenised milk, at 1d extra on to doorsteps.., and billing for it if it is accepted. The company denies that this is inertia selling, but does it matter what you call it?

1972 Guardian 14 Oct. 1/4 Disreputable trading practices which victimize the housewife. Among these are ‘inertia selling’ and ‘pyramid selling’.

inertia starter n. Aeronautics a starter (starter n. 13) which utilizes the energy stored in a flywheel.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > parts of aircraft > means of propulsion > [noun] > aircraft engine > other parts

oil thrower1903

tail-pipe1922

inertia starter1929

torch igniter1948

1929 Flight 7 Mar. 181 (title) Inertia starters for aero engines.

1931 D. Garnett Grasshoppers Come 89 He..got the engine to fire with the inertia starter.

1958 Times 1 July (Agric. Suppl.) p. iv/5 Simms Motor Units Ltd. have entered a Tensec inertia starter which enables Diesel engines to be started by hand with the minimum effort.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	inertia
释义	inertian. /ɪˈnəːʃɪə/ Etymology: The Latin, = want of art or skill, unskilfulness; inactivity, < iners , inert-em inert adj. The Latin term was introduced into Physics by Kepler. 1. a. Physics. That property of matter by virtue of which it continues in its existing state, whether of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line, unless that state is altered by an external force. Originally used as Latin, and also called vis inertiæ (force of inertia). centre of inertia, moment of inertia, product of inertia: see centre n.¹ and adj., moment n., product n.¹ ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > mechanics > dynamics > [noun] > inertia vis inertiae1710 inertia1713 inertness1768 1687 I. Newton Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica Def. iii. 2 Materiæ vis insita est potentia resistendi..neque differt quicquam ab inertia Massæ. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Vis insita Materiæ or Vis Inertiæ, is the bare Power of Resistance only, by which every Body..endeavours to continue in that State in which it is, either of Rest or Motion.] 1713 W. Derham Physico-theol. i. v. 33 The cause of the Resistance of all Fluids..is partly from the Friction of the parts of the Fluid, partly from the Inertia thereof.1760 F. Blake in Philos. Trans. 1759 (Royal Soc.) 51 2 By the principles of Mechanics, the Inertia of any bodies revolving about a Center is as the quantities of matter into the squares of the Brachia.1803 J. Wood Princ. Mech. (ed. 3) i. 8 Inactivity may be considered..as that quality by which it resists any such change. In this..sense it is usually called the force of inactivity, the inertia, or the vis inertiæ.1879 W. Thomson & P. G. Tait Treat. Nat. Philos. (new ed.) I: Pt. i. §216 The Inertia of matter is proportional to the quantity of matter in the body.1882 G. M. Minchin Uniplanar Kinematics 107 The force of inertia of a moving particle, in any direction, is the product of its mass and its component of acceleration in that direction.figurative.1843 J. Martineau Endeavours Christian Life I. x. 149 The inertia of a massive civilization.1852 W. E. Gladstone Functions of Laymen in Church 21 That bias..in favour of trusting to the force of inertia, to the chapter of accidents. b. electric inertia, a term applied to the resistance offered by a circuit to sudden changes of current, due to self- or mutual induction, or both. magnetic inertia, that property of a magnetic substance which prevents its being instantaneously magnetized or demagnetized. ΚΠ 1886 O. Heaviside Electr. Papers II. 60 The inertia, in the electro-magnetic case, is that of the magnetic field, not of the electricity. 1892 S. P. Thompson Dynamo-electr. Machinery (ed. 4) 83 We know that every electric current possesses a property sometimes called ‘electric inertia’, sometimes called ‘self-induction’, by virtue of which it tends to go on, and that it is in the current's own magnetic field that this inertia of self-induction resides. c. Photography. The exposure corresponding to the inertia point, from which the Hurter and Driffield speed of an emulsion may be calculated. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > action of taking photograph > technical factors > [noun] > filter factor or scale of exposure exposure1839 time exposure1870 inertiac1886 latitude1889 factor1900 filter factor1904 inertia point1907 intermittency effect1907 Scheiner number1911 scale1920 c1886 F. Hurter in W. B. Ferguson Photogr. Res. Hurter & Driffield (1920) 12 Supposing that a source of diffuse white light of intensity one acting directly upon a plate needed a time t to so far alter a bromide of silver gelatine film on that plate that an impenetrable black deposit of silver was caused upon it on development... That time t..measures the inertia of the plate. 1888 F. Hurter & V. C. Driffield Brit. Patent 5545/1888 1 Upon one of the fixed pair of scales..we mark what we call and hereinafter define as the ‘inertia’ or slowness of the plate. 1899 C. F. Townsend Chem. for Photographers (ed. 2) iv. 73 Several of the dots are in a straight line; this is the period of correct exposure. The straight line is prolonged to meet the base line, and the number read off, which gives the ‘inertia’ of the plate. 1927 C. B. Neblette Photogr. ix. 238 The inertia is an inverse measure of the speed of the plate: that is to say, a slow plate has a high inertia while a rapid plate has a low inertia. 1927 C. B. Neblette Photogr. ix. 238 The precise significance of the inertia as a measure of speed is somewhat difficult to define. The exposure which it represents is not the ‘threshold exposure’ (the minimum exposure necessary to produce a measurable density) nor does it indicate the maximum [? read minimum] exposure which will give proper rendering of the gradations of the subject, but an exposure somewhere between these extremes. 1955 E. F. Teal tr. L. Lobel & M. Dubois Sensitometry 96 Characteristic curves are drawn for a range of development times using a developer containing no restraining bromide. The straight line portions of the curves intersect on the log exposure axis at E, called the inertia point. Distance OE is the inertia i and the H. & D. speed is defined as 34/i, i being measured in log candle-metre-seconds. 2. transferred. Inactivity; disinclination to act or exert oneself; inertness, sloth, apathy. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > [noun] accidiaOE accidie?c1225 lethargyc1380 faintness1398 lithernessc1425 listlesshedec1440 owlisthead1440 supinity1548 lustlessness1556 benumbedness1566 phlegm1578 apoplexy1589 acedia1607 torpor1607 drowsiness1611 torpidity1614 languishmentc1620 hebetude1621 acedy1623 inerty1623 supineness1640 listlessness1646 cadaveriety1651 inertitude1656 oscitation1656 torpulency1657 sopor1658 phlegmaticness1659 lethargicalness1664 torpidnessa1676 faineantisea1684 phlegmatism1688 vis inertiae1710 torpitude1713 moonery1764 donothingness1814 benumbment1817 inertia1821 languor1825 donothingism1839 Mondayishness1850 mooniness1852 mooning1857 fainéantisme1873 sog1874 Oblomovism1902 1821 T. De Quincey Confessions Eng. Opium-eater in London Mag. Oct. 361/2 Tranquillity that seemed no product of inertia. 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. v. ii. 234 By wise inertia, and wise cessation of inertia, great victory has been gained. 1868 M. Pattison Suggestions Acad. Organisation v. 148 An aimless inertia, an Oriental lassitude of habit, are not seldom seen to be the consequence of high philosophical training. Compounds Special combinations: Categories » inertia governor n. Engineering a governor which operates by virtue of both centrifugal force and inertia (1934 in Webster). inertia point n. Photography the point in which the straight-line portion of the characteristic curve cuts the horizontal (log exposure) axis when produced. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > action of taking photograph > technical factors > [noun] > filter factor or scale of exposure exposure1839 time exposure1870 inertiac1886 latitude1889 factor1900 filter factor1904 inertia point1907 intermittency effect1907 Scheiner number1911 scale1920 1907 S. E. Sheppard & C. E. K. Mees Investigations Theory Photogr. Process ii. vi. 221 The reciprocity failure may be considered to start at much the same point relatively to the inertia points in the two plates. 1955 [see sense 1c]. 1957 K. M. Hornsby Sensitometry in Pract. ii. 9 Hurter and Driffield regarded the inertia point as a fixed characteristic of the emulsion, and they used it as a criterion by which to specify the sensitivity of emulsions. This criterion is not now recognised as an unchangeable characteristic of the emulsion since..fog will shift it to the left..and a developer containing bromide does not give a constant inertia point for all development times. inertia reel n. Motoring a reel which enables a safety belt looped around it to be self-adjusting, esp. in inertia reel (safety) belt; also the belt served by the reel. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > seat-belt belt1915 seat belt1932 safety belt1938 lap belt1952 lap strap1960 harness1962 inertia reel1962 1962 Daily Tel. 14 Aug. 16/6 The webbing runs off a small inertia reel mounted at the foot of the door pillar. 1962 B.S.I. News Dec. 10/1 With the exception of inertia-reel models..all the belts on display seemed to bear a Kite-mark label. 1968 Economist 6 July 49/2 Not so usual are inertia reel belts, the sort that are always held at the correct tension (many injuries to wearers of seat belts may arise because they were too loose). 1970 Motoring Which? Apr. 43/2 Daimler V-8 250..radio (with power operated aerial), automatic (inertia reel) safety belts; two years old. 1971 Guardian 25 Jan. 7/7 Spaghetti belts are replaced by inertia reels. inertia selling n. the supply of goods to persons who have not requested them, in the hope that the recipients will not take the necessary action to refuse them. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > selling > [noun] > selling method or technique > types of branding1913 cross-selling1919 mass marketing1920 supermarketing1940 hard sell1945 market testing1947 sales drive1951 soft sell1953 rack-jobbing1954 switch selling1960 cold selling1961 telesales1962 telemarketing1963 loss-leading1964 test-marketing1964 pyramid selling1965 inertia selling1968 overselling1968 bundling1969 oversell1969 rack job1969 bounceback1970 party plan1973 sale-leaseback1973 up-marketing1975 sellathon1976 upselling1977 cold calling1978 cold call1980 network marketing1981 ambush marketing1987 green marketing1988 relationship marketing1988 freemium1994 e-tailing1995 1968 Times 25 Apr. 14/3 Mrs. Butler..asked if the President of the Board of Trade would take powers to control inertia selling campaigns... She deplores this exploitation of inertia sales promotion... It will be difficult for people who are subjected to inertia selling. 1970 Times 13 Jan. 4/6 The Daily Mail reported on the banning..of inertia selling advertisements... Inertia selling was the practice by which companies sent unsolicited goods, then pestered people for payment if they were not returned. 1970 New Statesman 13 Feb. 217/1 Now the Consumer Council is urging another dairy monopolist to abandon the practice of slipping homogenised milk, at 1d extra on to doorsteps.., and billing for it if it is accepted. The company denies that this is inertia selling, but does it matter what you call it? 1972 Guardian 14 Oct. 1/4 Disreputable trading practices which victimize the housewife. Among these are ‘inertia selling’ and ‘pyramid selling’. inertia starter n. Aeronautics a starter (starter n. 13) which utilizes the energy stored in a flywheel. ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > parts of aircraft > means of propulsion > [noun] > aircraft engine > other parts oil thrower1903 tail-pipe1922 inertia starter1929 torch igniter1948 1929 Flight 7 Mar. 181 (title) Inertia starters for aero engines. 1931 D. Garnett Grasshoppers Come 89 He..got the engine to fire with the inertia starter. 1958 Times 1 July (Agric. Suppl.) p. iv/5 Simms Motor Units Ltd. have entered a Tensec inertia starter which enables Diesel engines to be started by hand with the minimum effort. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1713
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