inertadj.

Brit.

/ɪˈnəːt/, U.S.

/ᵻˈnərt/

Etymology: < Latin inert-em unskilled, inactive, sluggish, < in- (in- prefix⁴) + art-em art n.¹: compare French inerte (16th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter).

a. Of matter and material things: Having no inherent power of action, motion, or resistance; inactive, inanimate; having the property of inertia n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > inaction > [adjective] > habitually or naturally

restive1554

unactive1638

inert1647

1647 H. More Immortality of Soul i. iv. vii. 104 Poore naked substance..dull, slight, Inert, unactive.

1710 G. Berkeley Treat. Princ. Human Knowl. §69 Matter is said to be passive and inert, and so cannot be an agent or efficient cause.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VIII. 199 An opinion, that all nature was animated, that..even the most inert mass of matter, was endued with life and sensation.

1830 J. F. W. Herschel Prelim. Disc. Study Nat. Philos. §234 To say that matter is inert, or has inertia,..is only to say that the cause is expended in producing its effect.

1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic vii. 211 If matter is essentially inert, every change in it must be produced by mind.

figurative.1820 W. Hazlitt Lect. Dramatic Lit. 15 The inert mass of accumulated prejudices.1857 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. I. vii. 307 Knowledge is not an inert and passive principle, which comes to us, whether we will or no.

b. Without active chemical, physiological, or other properties; neutral.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical properties > [adjective] > inert

inert1800

1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 3 432 Fumigations may..be serviceable in rendering contagious matter inert.

1850 C. G. B. Daubeny Introd. Atomic Theory (ed. 2) ii. 54 One of them, for instance, might possess acid properties, the other be tasteless and inert.

1864 H. Spencer Princ. Biol. I. 4 Carbon..is totally inert at ordinary heats.

1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) III. 1 The collodion film is inert, and plays no actual part in the production of a picture.

c. inert gas: (a) As an ordinary use of the adjective with gas: any gas that is (relatively) inert. (b) Usually as (the) inert gases (now apprehended as a special collocation, analogous to the terms alkaline earths and rare earths): any of the elements of group o of the periodic table, viz. helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, all of which are colourless, odourless, and tasteless gases which were formerly thought to be completely unreactive chemically, forming no compounds (though compounds of some of the gases are now known). Cf. noble gas n. and adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > noble gases > [noun]

(the) inert gases1885

noble gas1901

rare gas1901

the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > gaseous phase > [noun] > gas > properties > any gas that is relatively inert

inert gas1885

(a)

1885 W. Macgregor Gas Engines v. 127 Nitrogen retards the combustion of hydrogen and that of carbonic oxide... The inert gas at the same time lowers the temperature of combustion.

1911 Encycl. Brit. XIX. 715/1 Nitrogen is a very inert gas: it will neither burn nor support the combustion of ordinary combustibles.

1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) V. 553/2 The gas contains about 27% carbon monoxide and over 70% of inert gases (CO₂ and N₂), giving it the lowest heating value..of any of the commercially used fuel gases.

1973 Sci. Amer. Dec. 22/3 The flywheel and the generator-motor would operate in an atmosphere of inert gas (hydrogen or helium).

1898 W. Crookes in Proc. Royal Soc. 63 411 Professor Ramsay and Mr. Travers have discovered two other inert gases accompanying argon in the atmosphere. These are called Neon and Metargon.] (b)1902 G. S. Newth Text-bk. Inorg. Chem. (ed. 9) ii. iv. 232 This property of nitrogen of uniting directly with magnesium was utilised in effecting the separation of the nitrogen of the air from the small quantities of argon and other ‘inert gases’ contained in the atmosphere.1927 J. W. Mellor Comprehensive Treat. Inorg. & Theoret. Chem. VII. xlviii. 906 The five gases—helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon—are colourless, and without odour. They are chemically indifferent and are hence called the inert gases or the rare gases, or the noble gases of the atm.1939 H. J. Reich Theory & Applic. Electron Tubes xi. 396 An external electrode may also be used to initiate breakdown of a mercury pool tube containing a small amount of inert gas.1950 N. V. Sidgwick Chem. Elements I. 10 Apart from the molecular ions occurring in the gas, there is in no case satisfactory evidence of the existence of chemical compounds of any of the inert gases.1961 G. A. Cook Argon, Helium & Rare Gases I. i. 1 Unlike the atoms of oxygen, nitrogen, and some of the common gaseous elements, the atoms of the inert gases do not combine to form stable diatomic molecules.1962 Proc. Chem. Soc. 218/2 Although inert-gas clathrates have been described, this compound [sc. xenon hexafluoroplatinate (v), Xe⁺[PtF₆]⁻] is believed to be the first xenon charge-transfer compound which is stable at room temperatures.

2. Of persons, animals, and (transferred) moving things: Inactive, sluggish, slow, not inclined for or capable of action. Also of mental faculties.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > [adjective]

unlustyc1225

sleepyc1384

phlegmatica1400

listlessc1440

owlist1440

unlisty1440

phlegmyc1450

sweyntc1450

supine1554

resty1565

unactive1591

sleepy-headed1600

log-like1602

inertious1611

stupefied?1611

lethargic1612

sedentary1625

torpent1647

torpid1656

torpulent1657

softly1664

inert1774

vegetative1789

spiritless1798

unenergetic1805

sloomy1820

slow-going1825

inenergetic1826

comatose1828

moony1847

mooning1864

torpid-minded1909

narcoleptic1965

vegged1986

1774 E. Burke Corr. (1844) I. 479 He is of that inert and undecided temper, that I fear he will not prevail on himself to pursue his point with vigour.

1809 W. Irving Hist. N.Y. II. v. i. 7 He was in fact..neither tranquil and inert.., nor restless and fidgetting.

1834 M. Somerville On Connexion Physical Sci. (1849) 284 In some places the subterraneous fires are in the highest state of activity, in some they are inert.

1849 Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 104 174 He is rather timid as a Minister, and inert as a statesman.

1851 W. B. Carpenter Man. Physiol. (ed. 2) 334 It contains sufficient oxygen to stimulate the nervous and muscular systems of these comparatively inert animals.

1859 C. Dickens Let. 19 Oct. (1997) IX. 138 The deadest and most utterly inert little town in the British dominions.

1870 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (ed. 2) I. i. i. 5 As we ascend from creatures that are inert to creatures that are vivacious.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	inert
释义	inertadj. Brit. /ɪˈnəːt/, U.S. /ᵻˈnərt/ Etymology: < Latin inert-em unskilled, inactive, sluggish, < in- (in- prefix⁴) + art-em art n.¹: compare French inerte (16th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter). 1. a. Of matter and material things: Having no inherent power of action, motion, or resistance; inactive, inanimate; having the property of inertia n. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > [adjective] > habitually or naturally restive1554 unactive1638 inert1647 1647 H. More Immortality of Soul i. iv. vii. 104 Poore naked substance..dull, slight, Inert, unactive. 1710 G. Berkeley Treat. Princ. Human Knowl. §69 Matter is said to be passive and inert, and so cannot be an agent or efficient cause. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VIII. 199 An opinion, that all nature was animated, that..even the most inert mass of matter, was endued with life and sensation. 1830 J. F. W. Herschel Prelim. Disc. Study Nat. Philos. §234 To say that matter is inert, or has inertia,..is only to say that the cause is expended in producing its effect. 1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic vii. 211 If matter is essentially inert, every change in it must be produced by mind. figurative.1820 W. Hazlitt Lect. Dramatic Lit. 15 The inert mass of accumulated prejudices.1857 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. I. vii. 307 Knowledge is not an inert and passive principle, which comes to us, whether we will or no. b. Without active chemical, physiological, or other properties; neutral. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical properties > [adjective] > inert inert1800 1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 3 432 Fumigations may..be serviceable in rendering contagious matter inert. 1850 C. G. B. Daubeny Introd. Atomic Theory (ed. 2) ii. 54 One of them, for instance, might possess acid properties, the other be tasteless and inert. 1864 H. Spencer Princ. Biol. I. 4 Carbon..is totally inert at ordinary heats. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) III. 1 The collodion film is inert, and plays no actual part in the production of a picture. c. inert gas: (a) As an ordinary use of the adjective with gas: any gas that is (relatively) inert. (b) Usually as (the) inert gases (now apprehended as a special collocation, analogous to the terms alkaline earths and rare earths): any of the elements of group o of the periodic table, viz. helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, all of which are colourless, odourless, and tasteless gases which were formerly thought to be completely unreactive chemically, forming no compounds (though compounds of some of the gases are now known). Cf. noble gas n. and adj. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > noble gases > [noun] (the) inert gases1885 noble gas1901 rare gas1901 the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > gaseous phase > [noun] > gas > properties > any gas that is relatively inert inert gas1885 (a) 1885 W. Macgregor Gas Engines v. 127 Nitrogen retards the combustion of hydrogen and that of carbonic oxide... The inert gas at the same time lowers the temperature of combustion. 1911 Encycl. Brit. XIX. 715/1 Nitrogen is a very inert gas: it will neither burn nor support the combustion of ordinary combustibles. 1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) V. 553/2 The gas contains about 27% carbon monoxide and over 70% of inert gases (CO₂ and N₂), giving it the lowest heating value..of any of the commercially used fuel gases. 1973 Sci. Amer. Dec. 22/3 The flywheel and the generator-motor would operate in an atmosphere of inert gas (hydrogen or helium). 1898 W. Crookes in Proc. Royal Soc. 63 411 Professor Ramsay and Mr. Travers have discovered two other inert gases accompanying argon in the atmosphere. These are called Neon and Metargon.] (b)1902 G. S. Newth Text-bk. Inorg. Chem. (ed. 9) ii. iv. 232 This property of nitrogen of uniting directly with magnesium was utilised in effecting the separation of the nitrogen of the air from the small quantities of argon and other ‘inert gases’ contained in the atmosphere.1927 J. W. Mellor Comprehensive Treat. Inorg. & Theoret. Chem. VII. xlviii. 906 The five gases—helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon—are colourless, and without odour. They are chemically indifferent and are hence called the inert gases or the rare gases, or the noble gases of the atm.1939 H. J. Reich Theory & Applic. Electron Tubes xi. 396 An external electrode may also be used to initiate breakdown of a mercury pool tube containing a small amount of inert gas.1950 N. V. Sidgwick Chem. Elements I. 10 Apart from the molecular ions occurring in the gas, there is in no case satisfactory evidence of the existence of chemical compounds of any of the inert gases.1961 G. A. Cook Argon, Helium & Rare Gases I. i. 1 Unlike the atoms of oxygen, nitrogen, and some of the common gaseous elements, the atoms of the inert gases do not combine to form stable diatomic molecules.1962 Proc. Chem. Soc. 218/2 Although inert-gas clathrates have been described, this compound [sc. xenon hexafluoroplatinate (v), Xe⁺[PtF₆]⁻] is believed to be the first xenon charge-transfer compound which is stable at room temperatures. 2. Of persons, animals, and (transferred) moving things: Inactive, sluggish, slow, not inclined for or capable of action. Also of mental faculties. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > [adjective] unlustyc1225 sleepyc1384 phlegmatica1400 listlessc1440 owlist1440 unlisty1440 phlegmyc1450 sweyntc1450 supine1554 resty1565 unactive1591 sleepy-headed1600 log-like1602 inertious1611 stupefied?1611 lethargic1612 sedentary1625 torpent1647 torpid1656 torpulent1657 softly1664 inert1774 vegetative1789 spiritless1798 unenergetic1805 sloomy1820 slow-going1825 inenergetic1826 comatose1828 moony1847 mooning1864 torpid-minded1909 narcoleptic1965 vegged1986 1774 E. Burke Corr. (1844) I. 479 He is of that inert and undecided temper, that I fear he will not prevail on himself to pursue his point with vigour. 1809 W. Irving Hist. N.Y. II. v. i. 7 He was in fact..neither tranquil and inert.., nor restless and fidgetting. 1834 M. Somerville On Connexion Physical Sci. (1849) 284 In some places the subterraneous fires are in the highest state of activity, in some they are inert. 1849 Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 104 174 He is rather timid as a Minister, and inert as a statesman. 1851 W. B. Carpenter Man. Physiol. (ed. 2) 334 It contains sufficient oxygen to stimulate the nervous and muscular systems of these comparatively inert animals. 1859 C. Dickens Let. 19 Oct. (1997) IX. 138 The deadest and most utterly inert little town in the British dominions. 1870 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (ed. 2) I. i. i. 5 As we ascend from creatures that are inert to creatures that are vivacious. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1647
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