in readv.prep.adj.

Brit.

/ɪn ˈreɪ/,

/ɪn ˈriː/, U.S.

/ˌɪn ˈreɪ/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin in rē.

Etymology: < classical Latin in rē < in in prep. + rē , ablative of rēs res n.¹

A. adv.

a. In reality; in physical form.

ΚΠ

1580 R. Bristow Reply to Fulke ix. 229 The heauenly thing is in the Eucharist in re, in deede, in our bodies onely in spe, in hope.

1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 145 Wherein the Iesuits..had any speciall commoditie or gaine in re or in spe thereby.

a1680 S. Charnock Wks. (1684) II. 853 Their Sacraments and ours were the same in re, though diverse in signs.

1700 J. Sergeant Transnatural Philos. i. vii. 181 Whenever we have a diverse Conception or Notion in our Mind, there is a New Entity in re answering to it adequately.

1847 Brownson's Q. Rev. Oct. 449 St. Thomas teaches..that all they lack is the reception of the visible sacrament in re; but if they are prevented by death from receiving it in re before the Church is ready to administer it, that God supplies the defect.

1964 J. F. Ross tr. F. Suarez On Formal & Universal Unity Translator's Introd., p. 26 The chief discrepancies among those authors [sc. Aquinas, Scotus, Occam, and Suarez] are found in..the manner in which the forms in individuals are the foundation in re for the universal concept [etc.].

2008 R. A. Nicholas Eucharist as Center of Theol. (new ed.) vi. 285 Perfection may be divided generally into perfection in the reality itself (perfection in re) and perfection outside of the reality (perfection extra rem).

b. Philosophy. Of a universal (universal adj. 2a): existing or considered as a real property in the individual objects that exemplify or instantiate it, rather than as something having a real existence separate from any such objects or merely as an idea or concept in the mind. Cf. ante rem adj., post rem adj.

ΚΠ

1868 A. Bain Mental & Moral Sci. App. 24 The Universals were neither ante rem (with Plato), nor in re (with Aristotle), but post rem.

1879 W. James Coll. Ess. & Rev. (1920) 112 If they begin with a clear nominalistic note, they are sure to end with a grating rattle which sounds very like universalia in re, if not ante rem.

1895 Proc. Aristotelian Soc. 3 62 It is only universals post rem that are positively known to us. We think of them, indeed, as actually existing, in re, and in the case of the mathematical universals, perceive and imagine them as so existing.

1927 C. R. S. Harris Duns Scotus I. vi. 215 The distinction of the threefold aspect of the universal ante rem, in re, and post rem forms the starting-point of the epistemological theory of Scotus no less than that of Albert or Aquinas.

2007 Rev. Metaphysics 61 127 The appendix suggests that Bunge's argument..for an interpretation of universals as existing in re is intended to serve as the basis for an explanation of law.

†2. Logic. Of a fallacy (fallacy n. 2a): resulting from the argument rather than the linguistic expression used. Cf. extra dictionem phr. Opposed to in dictione phr. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1847 A. De Morgan Formal Logic xiii. 241 The Aristotelian system of fallacies contains two subdivisions. In the first, which are in dictione, or in voce, the mistake is said to consist in the use of words: in the second, which are extra dictionem, or in re, it is said to be in the matter.

1906 H. W. B. Joseph Introd. Logic xxvii. 534 Later writers..called the fallacies extra dictionem fallacies in re, or material fallacies.

B. prep.

Chiefly Law. In the matter of, referring to. Usually followed by a name. Cf. re prep.

ΚΠ

1800 A. Cullen Princ. Bankrupt Law iii. iv. 165 (note) In re E. of Litchfield.

1865 J. D. Hooker Let. 26 May in C. Darwin Corr. (2002) XIII. 149 Have you read Taylor's book on Prehistoric man? I am charmed with it—& rather disappointed with Lubbocks. I wish he had not reclamated in re Lyell, whether right or wrong.

1886 Athenæum 20 Nov. 671/2 The alleged ‘misrepresentation’ in re Squeers v. Bentley.

1896 E. Terry Let. 7 Dec. in E. Terry & G. B. Shaw Corr. (1931) 136 What do you mean by saying (in re The Philanderer) it is dull and bestial?

1939 C. Fairman Mr. Justice Miller & Supreme Court xiv. 307 A good example of the bold method of treatment where Miller was most himself is offered in In re Neagle.

1972 Times 22 Feb. 14/5 In In re Scarisbrick ([1951] Ch 622) the Court of Appeal held that the distinction between a public or charitable trust and a private trust depended on [etc.].

2017 Columbia Law Rev. 117 176 See e.g., In re Dunjee, 57..(discussing obstetric malpractice that a woman claimed left her sterile).

C. adj.

Designating or relating to the theory that universals exist as real properties in the objects which instantiate them rather than separately from those objects or merely mentally.

ΚΠ

1952 R. I. Aaron Theory of Universals ii. 26 Locke here denies the In Re theory... The white itself is not in re but ‘in the mind’.

2006 Philos. East & West 56 567 Although Sa-pan does indeed argue against the existence of in re universals, those arguments are distinct from his criticisms of concepts.

2007 A. Bird Nature's Metaphysics ii. 12 There are two principal conceptions of universals, the Aristotelian in re conception, which takes a universal to be present in all..instantiations, and so to have the capacity to be in more than one place simultaneously, and the Platonic ante rem conception, which holds universals to be entities that themselves exist outside time and space.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	in re
释义	in readv.prep.adj. Brit. /ɪn ˈreɪ/, /ɪn ˈriː/, U.S. /ˌɪn ˈreɪ/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin in rē. Etymology: < classical Latin in rē < in in prep. + rē , ablative of rēs res n.¹ A. adv. 1. a. In reality; in physical form. ΚΠ 1580 R. Bristow Reply to Fulke ix. 229 The heauenly thing is in the Eucharist in re, in deede, in our bodies onely in spe, in hope. 1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 145 Wherein the Iesuits..had any speciall commoditie or gaine in re or in spe thereby. a1680 S. Charnock Wks. (1684) II. 853 Their Sacraments and ours were the same in re, though diverse in signs. 1700 J. Sergeant Transnatural Philos. i. vii. 181 Whenever we have a diverse Conception or Notion in our Mind, there is a New Entity in re answering to it adequately. 1847 Brownson's Q. Rev. Oct. 449 St. Thomas teaches..that all they lack is the reception of the visible sacrament in re; but if they are prevented by death from receiving it in re before the Church is ready to administer it, that God supplies the defect. 1964 J. F. Ross tr. F. Suarez On Formal & Universal Unity Translator's Introd., p. 26 The chief discrepancies among those authors [sc. Aquinas, Scotus, Occam, and Suarez] are found in..the manner in which the forms in individuals are the foundation in re for the universal concept [etc.]. 2008 R. A. Nicholas Eucharist as Center of Theol. (new ed.) vi. 285 Perfection may be divided generally into perfection in the reality itself (perfection in re) and perfection outside of the reality (perfection extra rem). b. Philosophy. Of a universal (universal adj. 2a): existing or considered as a real property in the individual objects that exemplify or instantiate it, rather than as something having a real existence separate from any such objects or merely as an idea or concept in the mind. Cf. ante rem adj., post rem adj. ΚΠ 1868 A. Bain Mental & Moral Sci. App. 24 The Universals were neither ante rem (with Plato), nor in re (with Aristotle), but post rem. 1879 W. James Coll. Ess. & Rev. (1920) 112 If they begin with a clear nominalistic note, they are sure to end with a grating rattle which sounds very like universalia in re, if not ante rem. 1895 Proc. Aristotelian Soc. 3 62 It is only universals post rem that are positively known to us. We think of them, indeed, as actually existing, in re, and in the case of the mathematical universals, perceive and imagine them as so existing. 1927 C. R. S. Harris Duns Scotus I. vi. 215 The distinction of the threefold aspect of the universal ante rem, in re, and post rem forms the starting-point of the epistemological theory of Scotus no less than that of Albert or Aquinas. 2007 Rev. Metaphysics 61 127 The appendix suggests that Bunge's argument..for an interpretation of universals as existing in re is intended to serve as the basis for an explanation of law. †2. Logic. Of a fallacy (fallacy n. 2a): resulting from the argument rather than the linguistic expression used. Cf. extra dictionem phr. Opposed to in dictione phr. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1847 A. De Morgan Formal Logic xiii. 241 The Aristotelian system of fallacies contains two subdivisions. In the first, which are in dictione, or in voce, the mistake is said to consist in the use of words: in the second, which are extra dictionem, or in re, it is said to be in the matter. 1906 H. W. B. Joseph Introd. Logic xxvii. 534 Later writers..called the fallacies extra dictionem fallacies in re, or material fallacies. B. prep. Chiefly Law. In the matter of, referring to. Usually followed by a name. Cf. re prep. ΚΠ 1800 A. Cullen Princ. Bankrupt Law iii. iv. 165 (note) In re E. of Litchfield. 1865 J. D. Hooker Let. 26 May in C. Darwin Corr. (2002) XIII. 149 Have you read Taylor's book on Prehistoric man? I am charmed with it—& rather disappointed with Lubbocks. I wish he had not reclamated in re Lyell, whether right or wrong. 1886 Athenæum 20 Nov. 671/2 The alleged ‘misrepresentation’ in re Squeers v. Bentley. 1896 E. Terry Let. 7 Dec. in E. Terry & G. B. Shaw Corr. (1931) 136 What do you mean by saying (in re The Philanderer) it is dull and bestial? 1939 C. Fairman Mr. Justice Miller & Supreme Court xiv. 307 A good example of the bold method of treatment where Miller was most himself is offered in In re Neagle. 1972 Times 22 Feb. 14/5 In In re Scarisbrick ([1951] Ch 622) the Court of Appeal held that the distinction between a public or charitable trust and a private trust depended on [etc.]. 2017 Columbia Law Rev. 117 176 See e.g., In re Dunjee, 57..(discussing obstetric malpractice that a woman claimed left her sterile). C. adj. Designating or relating to the theory that universals exist as real properties in the objects which instantiate them rather than separately from those objects or merely mentally. ΚΠ 1952 R. I. Aaron Theory of Universals ii. 26 Locke here denies the In Re theory... The white itself is not in re but ‘in the mind’. 2006 Philos. East & West 56 567 Although Sa-pan does indeed argue against the existence of in re universals, those arguments are distinct from his criticisms of concepts. 2007 A. Bird Nature's Metaphysics ii. 12 There are two principal conceptions of universals, the Aristotelian in re conception, which takes a universal to be present in all..instantiations, and so to have the capacity to be in more than one place simultaneously, and the Platonic ante rem conception, which holds universals to be entities that themselves exist outside time and space. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adv.prep.adj.1580
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