incensen.

Brit.

/ˈɪnsɛns/, U.S.

/ˈɪnˌsɛns/

Forms: Middle English ansens, Middle English ensense, encenz, Middle English encense, encence, Middle English–1500s encens, ensence, Middle English–1700s ensens, Middle English yncense, Middle English–1500s, 1700s incence, 1500s insence, Middle English– incense.

Etymology: Middle English ansens , encenz , < Old French encens (12th cent.), ancens, < ecclesiastical Latin incensum incense, lit. ‘that which is set on fire’, neuter of incensus , past participle of incendĕre to set on fire. Altered through ensence , encence to incense , after Latin An aphetic Middle English form was cense n.¹

1. An aromatic gum or other vegetable product, or a mixture of fragrant gums and spices, used for producing a sweet smell when burned.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > consumables > incense > [noun]

rechelseOE

incensec1290

agarbatti1884

the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [noun] > fragrant substance or perfume > incense

rechelseOE

storc1000

incensec1290

censea1382

guma1382

olibanuma1398

thus1398

frankincensea1400

frank14..

thurec1425

mascle thure?1440

olibanc1440

smoke1530

perfume1542

masculine frankincense1555

tacamahac1577

cayolac1588

masculine gum1604

candle1628

pastille1630

Spanish coal1631

incense-frank1633

thymiama1697

censery1823

punk1844

joss-stick1845

god-stick1874

c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 178/22 Gold and mirre and Ansens.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 2545 Þan was þar at hure fete of encenz a fair dentee, And of balme þat smylleþ swete & spycery gret plentee.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 9358 Wel swotir hir vestiment þen encense þat is brent.

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xix. 87 Þai bring..incense and oþer thinges swete smelland.

c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1571 And moore encens in to the fyr he caste.

a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) iii. f. Clxxix^v Some aduysed her to brenne incence in her cell.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. xcvii. 280 His roote sauoreth like the Encens, which is called in Greke Libanos.

1610 G. Markham Maister-peece i. xciv. 186 Take the powder of gumdragant, Ensens, and damaske roses.

1667 J. Dryden Annus Mirabilis 1666 ccxcviii. 75 The East with Incense, and the West with Gold, Will stand, like Suppliants, to receive her doom.

1709 London Gaz. No. 4518/4 For Publick Sale,..a good quantity of..Oil of Turpentine, Ensens alias Frankincense.

1850 J. Gardner Faiths World II. 127 On the great day of atonement..having received incense from one of the priests, he [the high-priest] offered it on the golden altar.

1897 J. C. Willis Man. Flowering Plants II. 363 It [Styrax] is used medicinally and for incense.

2. The smoke or perfume of incense, esp. when burned as an oblation or in religious ceremonial.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > consumables > incense > [noun] > smoke or perfume of

incensec1380

c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. I. 341 Bi þe encence þei myȝten putte awey þe stynke of þe stable.

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 243 With encense He sacreth and doth reverence.

1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton I iv b To pease God wyth encence and by good werkes.

1611 Bible (King James) Ezek. viii. 11 A thicke cloud of incense went vp.

1698 R. South 12 Serm. III. 177 Like Incense, while it ascends to Heaven it perfumes all about it.

1739 T. Gray Let. 21 Nov. in Corr. (1971) I. 130 We listened to this, and breathed nothing but incense for two hours.

1860 C. Sangster Hesperus 181 I too Did offer incense in that solemn place.

3. transferred.

a. (In biblical language.) The smoke or odour of any burnt sacrifice.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > [noun]

smacka1000

breathOE

smella1175

irea1300

weffea1300

thefa1325

relesec1330

odour?c1335

incensea1340

flair1340

savoura1350

smellingc1386

flavourc1400

fumec1400

reflairc1400

air?a1439

scent?1473

taste?c1475

verdure1520

senteur1601

waft1611

effluvium1656

fluor1671

burning scent1681

aura1732

fumet1735

snuff1763

olfacient1822

odouret1825

waff1827

gush1841

sniff1844

tang1858

nose1894

society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > kinds of sacrifice > [noun] > burnt > smoke or odour of

incensea1340

a1340 R. Rolle Psalter lxv. 14 [lxvi. 15] I sall offire til þe wiþ encens of wethirs [so Wyclif 1382; 1611 incense of rammes].

b. Any pleasant perfume or fragrance, as of flowers.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [noun] > fragrant smell

savouringc1390

scent?1473

balm1483

redolencec1530

spice1560

perfumea1593

redolency1610

soot1620

fragor1638

suaveolence1657

fragrance1667

incense1667

nosegay1700

aroma1814

musk1855

petrichor1964

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 194 Sacred Light began to dawne In Eden on the humid Flours, that breathd Thir morning Incense .

1712 A. Pope Messiah in Spectator No. 348 With all the Incence of the breathing Spring.

a1822 P. B. Shelley Ginevra in Posthumous Poems (1824) 233 The matin winds from the expanded flowers, Scatter their hoarded incense.

4. figurative. Applied to something figured as a religious sacrifice, or as offered in the way of homage, e.g. prayer, praise, flattery; esp. when represented as grateful to the recipient.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > [noun]

ofleteeOE

almousOE

houselOE

yieldOE

lakeOE

offeringOE

offeranda1225

sacrificea1300

hosta1340

sacrifyingc1374

mannaa1382

incense1382

oblationc1425

hostie1483

obleya1500

sacrificy?c1510

immolation1534

offerture1537

offrage1548

mactation1563

offertory1596

sacrificing1601

litation1623

elibation1656

sacrification1694

sacrificature1779

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > [noun] > offered as homage

incense1382

a1340 R. Rolle Psalter cxl. 2 My prayere be rightid as ensens in þi sight.]

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Rev. viii. 4 The smoke of the encensis of the preyers of halewis.

1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. C1^v Offer pure incense to so pure a shrine.

1614 W. Alexander Doomes-day ii. x. sig. E^v The sorrow of his Saints doth moue God much, No sweeter Incense then the Sighes of such.

1738 A. Pope Universal Prayer xiii. 7 To Thee..One Chorus let all Being raise! All Nature's Incence rise!

a1758 J. Hervey Descant Creation in Medit. & Contempl. (1759) I. 280 Continue to add the Incense of a dutiful Life, to all the Oblations of a grateful Tongue.

a1854 H. Reed Lect. Brit. Poets (1857) II. x. 22 The incense of flattery which his satellites were forever burning beneath his nostrils.

1879 F. W. Farrar Life & Work St. Paul I. v. xvii. 313 The king, to whom no incense was so sweet as the voice of popular applause.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

incense-breath n.

incense-cloud n.

ΚΠ

a1835 F. D. Hemans To Picture Madonna in Poet. Remains (1836) 25 And hath the crested helmet bow'd Before thee, 'midst the incense-cloud?

incense-mist n.

ΚΠ

1830 F. D. Hemans Minster in Songs of Affections 166 Revealing Through incense-mists their sainted pageantry.

incense-pan n.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > implement (general) > vessel (general) > incense holder > [noun]

ship1422

navet1467

incense-pan1611

naviculac1626

boat1760

incense-boat1853

nef1867

1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Incensorio, a censor, or incense-pan.

a1661 B. Holyday tr. Juvenal Satyres (1673) 248 There was no such matter as the bringing of their incense in papers to the altars; there being, for that purpose, an incense-pan.

incense-pot n.

ΚΠ

1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. i. iii. 43 A little Altar, with two Incense-pots on it.

incense-smoke n.

incense-bearing adj.

ΚΠ

1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna xii. xix. 259 Many a lawny mountain With incense-bearing forests.

incense-burning adj.

incense-loaded adj.

ΚΠ

1842 F. W. Faber Styrian Lake 37 The incense-loaded air.

C2.

incense-blossom n. a blossom yielding ‘incense’ or fragrance.

ΚΠ

a1822 P. B. Shelley To Constantia Singing in Posthumous Poems (1824) 144 Western isles, with incense-blossoms bright.

incense-boat n. a boat-shaped vessel used to hold incense for transfer to a censer.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > implement (general) > vessel (general) > incense holder > [noun]

ship1422

navet1467

incense-pan1611

naviculac1626

boat1760

incense-boat1853

nef1867

1853 J. D. H. Dale tr. G. Baldeschi Ceremonial Rom. Rite 8 He..presents the navicula (or incense-boat) to the Master of Ceremonies.

1866 R. F. Littledale Incense 19 The priest..takes the incense-boat, and burns incense in the thurible, censing the altar five times.

† incense-brass n. Obsolete a rendering of Greek χαλκολίβανον in Revelation i. 15 (1611 ‘fine brass’, Revised Version 1881 ‘burnished brass’, but also explained as ‘yellow frankincense’).

ΚΠ

1573 J. Daus tr. H. Bullinger Hundred Serm. vpon Apocalipse (rev. ed.) v. f. 17^v The feete of the Lord are of Copper, or like to Incens-brasse burnyng in a fire. For Incensbrasse is a word compounded of Brasse and Incence.

incense-breathing adj. exhaling ‘incense’ or fragrance.

ΚΠ

1751 T. Gray Elegy v. 6 The breezy call of incense-breathing morn.

incense-burner n. (a) one who burns incense; (b) a vessel or stand in or on which incense is burnt.

ΚΠ

a1843 R. Southey Common-place Bk. (1851) 4th Ser. 3/1 An incense-burner to the idols.

incense-cedar n. the genus Libocedrus, esp. the White Cedar ( L. decurrens) of Western North America.

ΚΠ

1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants Libocedrus, Incense Cedar.

Categories »

incense-cup n. a cup or small vessel for burning incense; also applied to certain small vessels found in prehistoric graves.

† incense-frank n. Obsolete = frankincense n. (obsolete).

ΚΠ

1633 True Trojans iii. vi, in W. C. Hazlitt Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Eng. Plays (1875) XII. 498 An altar we descry, Where incense-frank and amber fumes did fly In little rolling curls.

incense-tree n. a name for various trees yielding incense, esp. of the genera Boswellia (chiefly East Indian) and Icica (chiefly South American); also applied to a species of Pittosporum, from its fragrant flowers.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > fragrant plants or plants used in perfumery > [noun] > trees or shrubs > incense- or frankincense-tree

thus1398

incense-tree1587

frankincense1611

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > [noun] > pittosporum

pittosporum1789

pittosporad1846

karo1853

incense-tree1884

1587 D. Fenner in E. Farr Sel. Poetry Reign Elizabeth (1845) II. 341 Spiknard, saffron, sweet canes, Cinomon, with the rest Of incense-trees.

1855 C. Kingsley Westward Ho! (1889) xxi. 391 Shrubberies of heaths and rhododendrons, and woolly incense-trees.

1884 Leisure Hour Dec. 753/2 The Pittosporum or incense tree, as it is here called from the perfume which its pretty white flowers give out.

incense-wood n. the wood of Icica heptaphylla, a South American tree.

ΚΠ

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. Incense wood, Icica heptaphylla.

† incense-wort n. Obsolete ‘a kind of herb’ (Phillips, 1706).

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

incensev.¹

Brit.

/ˈɪnsɛns/, U.S.

/ˈɪnˌsɛns/

Forms: see incense n.

Etymology: < French encenser ( Chanson Roland, 11th cent.), corresponding to medieval Latin incensāre and Italian incensare , < encens , incensum , incenso , incense n.

1. transitive. To fumigate or perfume (a person or thing) with incense, esp. in connection with a religious ceremony; to burn or offer incense before (an image), or to (a deity); to cense.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > impart perfume [verb (transitive)] > cense

sterec1000

incense1303

smeeka1382

thurifyc1400

censec1405

thuriblec1440

censer1625

society > faith > worship > other practices > carry out other practices [verb (transitive)] > burn incense > perfume with or burn incense before person

rechela1200

incense1303

thurifyc1400

censec1405

becensea1622

fume1641

1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 11093 Þey ensensede þe body.

1401 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 44 Chorees children, with new senceres ensencen the auters of synne.

c1480 (a1400) St. John Baptist 47 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 224 Þis ȝachary..wes in þe tempil gan,..til incense þe altere.

1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) i. xv. 47/1 Now clerkes encense ymages & other.

1558 Hethe in J. Strype Ann. Reformation (1824) I. App. vi. 402 Kinge Ozias did take the censer to incense the aulter.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 144 An Idol-roome, where they Incense these Deities morning and euening.

1709 J. Johnson Clergy-man's Vade Mecum: Pt. II 194 They that..did not..with their own hands incense Idols.

1805 R. Southey Madoc ii. ii. 198 And those infernal Priests, who guard him then..At morning and at evening incense him, And mock him with knee-reverence.

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. i. x. 71 Neither,..shall any man or woman, self-styled noble, be ‘incensed’,—foolishly fumigated with incense, in Church.

figurative.1729 T. Stackhouse Compl. Body Divinity iv. i. §2. 587 The Prayers of the Saints, incensed with the Merits of his Sacrifice.

2. transferred. To perfume with any pleasant odour; to suffuse with fragrance; to scent. (In quot. ?1504, to drive out by diffusing fragrance.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > impart perfume [verb (transitive)]

embalm1447

aromatize1480

fumea1483

incense?1504

fumigate1530

perfume1539

suffume1540

scent1567

aromatizate1576

sweetena1586

suffumigate1599

frot1608

inodorate1623

suffite1657

essencificate1658

essence1675

essencify1707

balmify1733

odoriferize1824

fragrance1854

reperfume1885

smeech1897

?1504 S. Hawes Example of Vertu sig. bb.ii Fragrant floures full of delycasy That all yll heyres [= airs] dyde ensence oute.

1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies I. vii. 68 Some Powder of Benjoin, Myrrh or Frankincense, which produce a thick Smoke, that incenses or perfumes the whole Room.

1852 N. Hawthorne Blithedale Romance iv. 30 A goodly quantity of peat, which was crumbling to white ashes..incensed the kitchen with its not ungrateful fragrance.

1861 L. L. Noble After Icebergs 303 Wild roses incensed the fresh air.

1884 J. Payne 1001 Nights VIII. 20 She incensed herself with aloes-wood and scented herself with musk and ambergris.

3. figurative. To offer flattering homage or adulation to; to flatter. ? Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > flattery or flattering > servile flattery or currying favour > flatter servilely or curry favour with [verb (transitive)]

flatter1340

to claw the back ofc1394

to pick a thank (also thanks)c1422

clawc1425

to claw by the sleeve1509

to claw by the backa1542

fawna1568

to make or pay (one's) court to1590

adulate1612

hug1622

sycophant1637

to make up to1701

to whip it in with1702

cultivate1706

incense1708

to wheedle in with1726

to grandfather up1747

slaver1794

toad1802

to play up to ——1809

nut1819

toady1827

bootlick1846

to suck up to1860

lickspittle1886

jolly1890

bum-suck1918

arse-lick1919

to cosy up to1937

brown-nose1948

ass-kiss1951

ass-lick1962

love-bomb1976

1708 W. Darrell Suppl. to 1st Pt. Gentleman Instructed ix. 228 He..now must be bought off and incensed by his Sovereign, as the Devil is by the Indians, that he may do no more Harm.

1736 Ld. Hervey Mem. Reign Geo. II (1848) I. 319 Flatterers that were perpetually incensing his altars.

1763 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting III. iv. 112 This was not the only instance in which the poet incensed the painter.

4. To burn or offer as incense (literal and figurative).

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > other practices > carry out other practices [verb (transitive)] > burn incense

incense1605

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Hhh1^v The good, if any bee, is due..to be incensed to the honour first of the diuine Maiestie, and next of your Maiestie.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 417 A Censer with Incense, which he incenseth.

1872 J. G. Murphy Crit. Comm. Leviticus iv. 11–12 The whole carcass of the bullock is burned, not incensed or turned into a sweet smell on the altar, but consumed by fire in the place of ashes.

5. intransitive. To burn or offer incense.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > other practices > carry out other practices [verb (intransitive)] > burn incense

incensec1386

censec1440

thurifyc1440

censer1625

c1386 G. Chaucer Second Nun's Tale 395 They nolde encense ne sacrifise right nought.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Luke i. 9 He..entride in to the temple, to encense.

c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 169 Forto encense to God or to a Seint bifore an auter.

1638 Penit. Conf. (1657) viii. 250 Such who..through frailty had incensed unto Idols.

1870 Daily News 7 Feb. His Holiness..afterwards walked round the coffin, incensing and sprinking holy water.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

incensev.²

/ɪnˈsɛns/

Forms: Middle English encense, Middle English–1500s ensense, Middle English–1600s incence, 1500s–1600s insence, 1500s– incense.

Etymology: < Old French incenser (? encenser ) (15–16th cent. in Godefroy), < Latin incens- , participial stem of incendĕre to set on fire, incend v.

†1.

a. transitive. To set on fire, kindle; to consume with fire, burn. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > burn or consume by fire [verb (transitive)] > set on fire

inflamec1384

to set on firec1384

firec1425

incense1470

esprise1474

succend?a1475

embrase1480

to light upa1500

enfirea1522

ignifya1586

befire1613

incendiatea1701

to touch off1759

conflagrate1835

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xxi. xi Syr Launcelot with his viij felowes wente aboute the hors bere syngyng & redyng many an holy oryson, & frankensens vpon the corps encensed.

1477 T. Norton Ordinall of Alchimy v, in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Britannicum (1652) 64 Incenced with Heate.

1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure i. xv Envyroned about With tongues of fyre as bright as any starre, That fyry flambes ensensed alway out.

?1593 G. Fletcher Licia xli. 42 For why my heart with sighs doth breath such flame, That ayre and water both incensed be.

1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 24 Vertue is like pretious Odours, most fragrant, when they are incensed, or crushed.

c1700 J. Addison Milton's Stile Imitated (R.) Now belches molten stones and ruddy flame Incenst, or tears up mountains by the roots.

†b. To heat, make hot. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. i. i. iv. 12 Madnesse..hath the same causes as the other [sc. Frensie], as Choler adust, and Blood incensed, Braines inflamed.

†2. figurative. To inflame, excite, ‘kindle’ (passion or ardent feeling). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > passion > ardour or fervour > ardent or fervent [verb (transitive)]

incense1598

the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > quality of affecting the emotions > affect with emotion [verb (transitive)] > cause or give rise to an emotion

rearOE

arear?c1225

annoyc1300

movea1325

excite1393

raisea1400

lighta1413

stirc1430

provokec1450

provocate?a1475

rendera1522

to stir upc1530

excitate?1549

inspire1576

yield1576

to turn up1579

rouse1589

urge1594

incense1598

upraisea1600

upreara1600

irritate1612

awakena1616

recreate1643

pique1697

arouse1730

unlull1743

energize1753

evocate1827

evoke1856

vibe1977

1598 J. Marston Scourge of Villanie i. iii. sig. C8 Shall Curio..with bare groping touch Incense his lust?

1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes i. §4. 7 These by their sinnes much incense Gods wrath.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 692 Will God incense his ire For such a petty Trespass..?

1809 W. Irving Hist. N.Y. II. vii. iii. 196 Perplexities, which bewildered the brain and incensed the ire of honest Peter.

†3.

a. To inflame, excite, ‘fire’ (a person with some ardent feeling or passion). Obsolete except as in 3b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > passion > ardour or fervour > ardent or fervent [verb (transitive)] > inflame (with) passion

annealeOE

ontendeOE

anheatOE

atend1006

tindc1175

firec1225

heat?c1225

inlowa1300

inflamea1340

eschaufec1374

flamec1380

kindlec1390

chafe1393

achafea1400

to set a firec1400

lighta1413

incense1435

scaldc1480

embrase1483

incend?1504

to set on fire?1526

enkindle1561

enfire1596

flush1633

boil1649

calenturea1657

infirea1661

R. Misyn tr. R. Rolle Fire of Love 102 My saule truly with holy lufe was ensensyd.

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. ii. sig. Avi^v Some..be incensed with glorie; some with ambition.

1610 G. Fletcher Christs Victorie 18 And all incens'd with loue, With wonder, and amazement, did her beautie prooue.

1664 Floddan Field i. 1 You muses all my mind incense.

b. spec. To inflame with wrath, excite or provoke to anger, make angry, enrage, exasperate. (The current sense.)

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (transitive)] > make angry

wrethec900

abelgheeOE

abaeileOE

teenOE

i-wrathec1075

wratha1200

awratha1250

gramec1275

forthcalla1300

excitea1340

grieve1362

movea1382

achafea1400

craba1400

angerc1400

mada1425

provokec1425

forwrecchec1450

wrothc1450

arage1470

incensea1513

puff1526

angry1530

despite1530

exasperate1534

exasper1545

stunt1583

pepper1599

enfever1647

nanger1675

to put or set up the back1728

roil1742

outrage1818

to put a person's monkey up1833

to get one's back up1840

to bring one's nap up1843

rouse1843

to get a person's shirt out1844

heat1855

to steam up1860

to get one's rag out1862

steam1922

to burn up1923

to flip out1964

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccvii. f. cxxviii^v For the whiche he ensensed the Kynge of Fraunce agayne hym in all that he myght.

c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme lxxviii. 126 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 110 How ofte this crooked kind Incenst him in the desert euery where?

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. iii. sig. O7^v Much was the knight incenst with his lewd word.

1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures xxx. 119 They incensed the Inhabitants against him.

1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones VI. xvi. ii. 6 This so incensed her Father, that..he departed from her with many hard Words and Curses.

1858 Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 151 340 A thing likely to incense and horrify the people of India.

c. figurative. To stir up, make violent or furious.In quot. 1630 with mixture of sense 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > make (more) violent [verb (transitive)]

enragec1500

renfierce1590

inflame1607

incense1615

ferment1660

1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 2 A sea tempestuous and vnfaithfull; at an instant incensed with sudden gusts.

1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 25 A trade-wind blowing..which when contrary to the streame, doth exceedingly incense it.

1630 T. Dekker Second Pt. Honest Whore iii. i. 225 Winds wrastling with great fires, incense the flames.

†4. To incite to some action; to urge, instigate, stir up, ‘set on’. Const. to or to do something.In some instances perhaps associated with insense n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate

stirc897

putOE

sputc1175

prokec1225

prickc1230

commovec1374

baitc1378

stingc1386

movea1398

eager?a1400

pokec1400

provokea1425

tollc1440

cheera1450

irritec1450

encourage1483

incite1483

harden1487

attice1490

pricklea1522

to set on1523

incense1531

irritate1531

animate1532

tickle1532

stomach1541

instigate1542

concitea1555

upsteer1558

urge1565

instimulate1570

whip1573

goad1579

raise1581

to set upa1586

to call ona1592

incitate1597

indarec1599

alarm1602

exstimulate1603

to put on1604

feeze1610

impulse1611

fomentate1613

emovec1614

animalize1617

stimulate1619

spura1644

trinkle1685

cite1718

to put up1812

prod1832

to jack up1914

goose1934

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. xiv. sig. Hiij If nature..wyll dispose them to that maner studie; they shall be therto the more incensed, and come vnto it the better prepared and furnisshed.

1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. 1 Pet. ii. f. vii The profession..whereunto they ought rather to be encensed and allured by your honest behauiour.

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxvii. xlix. 665 [Asdrubal] when his men were weery and drew back..incensed [L. accendit] them againe, one while by faire words and intreatie, another while by sharpe checks and rebukes.

1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre iv. xxviii. 217 By which speech he incensed the English to go on with him.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

n.c1290

v.¹1303

v.²1435

单词	incense
释义	incensen. Brit. /ˈɪnsɛns/, U.S. /ˈɪnˌsɛns/ Forms: Middle English ansens, Middle English ensense, encenz, Middle English encense, encence, Middle English–1500s encens, ensence, Middle English–1700s ensens, Middle English yncense, Middle English–1500s, 1700s incence, 1500s insence, Middle English– incense. Etymology: Middle English ansens , encenz , < Old French encens (12th cent.), ancens, < ecclesiastical Latin incensum incense, lit. ‘that which is set on fire’, neuter of incensus , past participle of incendĕre to set on fire. Altered through ensence , encence to incense , after Latin An aphetic Middle English form was cense n.¹ 1. An aromatic gum or other vegetable product, or a mixture of fragrant gums and spices, used for producing a sweet smell when burned. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > consumables > incense > [noun] rechelseOE incensec1290 agarbatti1884 the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [noun] > fragrant substance or perfume > incense rechelseOE storc1000 incensec1290 censea1382 guma1382 olibanuma1398 thus1398 frankincensea1400 frank14.. thurec1425 mascle thure?1440 olibanc1440 smoke1530 perfume1542 masculine frankincense1555 tacamahac1577 cayolac1588 masculine gum1604 candle1628 pastille1630 Spanish coal1631 incense-frank1633 thymiama1697 censery1823 punk1844 joss-stick1845 god-stick1874 c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 178/22 Gold and mirre and Ansens. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 2545 Þan was þar at hure fete of encenz a fair dentee, And of balme þat smylleþ swete & spycery gret plentee. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 9358 Wel swotir hir vestiment þen encense þat is brent. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xix. 87 Þai bring..incense and oþer thinges swete smelland. c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1571 And moore encens in to the fyr he caste. a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) iii. f. Clxxix^v Some aduysed her to brenne incence in her cell. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. xcvii. 280 His roote sauoreth like the Encens, which is called in Greke Libanos. 1610 G. Markham Maister-peece i. xciv. 186 Take the powder of gumdragant, Ensens, and damaske roses. 1667 J. Dryden Annus Mirabilis 1666 ccxcviii. 75 The East with Incense, and the West with Gold, Will stand, like Suppliants, to receive her doom. 1709 London Gaz. No. 4518/4 For Publick Sale,..a good quantity of..Oil of Turpentine, Ensens alias Frankincense. 1850 J. Gardner Faiths World II. 127 On the great day of atonement..having received incense from one of the priests, he [the high-priest] offered it on the golden altar. 1897 J. C. Willis Man. Flowering Plants II. 363 It [Styrax] is used medicinally and for incense. 2. The smoke or perfume of incense, esp. when burned as an oblation or in religious ceremonial. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > consumables > incense > [noun] > smoke or perfume of incensec1380 c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. I. 341 Bi þe encence þei myȝten putte awey þe stynke of þe stable. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 243 With encense He sacreth and doth reverence. 1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton I iv b To pease God wyth encence and by good werkes. 1611 Bible (King James) Ezek. viii. 11 A thicke cloud of incense went vp. View more context for this quotation 1698 R. South 12 Serm. III. 177 Like Incense, while it ascends to Heaven it perfumes all about it. 1739 T. Gray Let. 21 Nov. in Corr. (1971) I. 130 We listened to this, and breathed nothing but incense for two hours. 1860 C. Sangster Hesperus 181 I too Did offer incense in that solemn place. 3. transferred. a. (In biblical language.) The smoke or odour of any burnt sacrifice. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > [noun] smacka1000 breathOE smella1175 irea1300 weffea1300 thefa1325 relesec1330 odour?c1335 incensea1340 flair1340 savoura1350 smellingc1386 flavourc1400 fumec1400 reflairc1400 air?a1439 scent?1473 taste?c1475 verdure1520 senteur1601 waft1611 effluvium1656 fluor1671 burning scent1681 aura1732 fumet1735 snuff1763 olfacient1822 odouret1825 waff1827 gush1841 sniff1844 tang1858 nose1894 society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > kinds of sacrifice > [noun] > burnt > smoke or odour of incensea1340 a1340 R. Rolle Psalter lxv. 14 [lxvi. 15] I sall offire til þe wiþ encens of wethirs [so Wyclif 1382; 1611 incense of rammes]. b. Any pleasant perfume or fragrance, as of flowers. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [noun] > fragrant smell savouringc1390 scent?1473 balm1483 redolencec1530 spice1560 perfumea1593 redolency1610 soot1620 fragor1638 suaveolence1657 fragrance1667 incense1667 nosegay1700 aroma1814 musk1855 petrichor1964 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 194 Sacred Light began to dawne In Eden on the humid Flours, that breathd Thir morning Incense . View more context for this quotation 1712 A. Pope Messiah in Spectator No. 348 With all the Incence of the breathing Spring. a1822 P. B. Shelley Ginevra in Posthumous Poems (1824) 233 The matin winds from the expanded flowers, Scatter their hoarded incense. 4. figurative. Applied to something figured as a religious sacrifice, or as offered in the way of homage, e.g. prayer, praise, flattery; esp. when represented as grateful to the recipient. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > [noun] ofleteeOE almousOE houselOE yieldOE lakeOE offeringOE offeranda1225 sacrificea1300 hosta1340 sacrifyingc1374 mannaa1382 incense1382 oblationc1425 hostie1483 obleya1500 sacrificy?c1510 immolation1534 offerture1537 offrage1548 mactation1563 offertory1596 sacrificing1601 litation1623 elibation1656 sacrification1694 sacrificature1779 the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > [noun] > offered as homage incense1382 a1340 R. Rolle Psalter cxl. 2 My prayere be rightid as ensens in þi sight.] 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Rev. viii. 4 The smoke of the encensis of the preyers of halewis. 1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. C1^v Offer pure incense to so pure a shrine. View more context for this quotation 1614 W. Alexander Doomes-day ii. x. sig. E^v The sorrow of his Saints doth moue God much, No sweeter Incense then the Sighes of such. 1738 A. Pope Universal Prayer xiii. 7 To Thee..One Chorus let all Being raise! All Nature's Incence rise! a1758 J. Hervey Descant Creation in Medit. & Contempl. (1759) I. 280 Continue to add the Incense of a dutiful Life, to all the Oblations of a grateful Tongue. a1854 H. Reed Lect. Brit. Poets (1857) II. x. 22 The incense of flattery which his satellites were forever burning beneath his nostrils. 1879 F. W. Farrar Life & Work St. Paul I. v. xvii. 313 The king, to whom no incense was so sweet as the voice of popular applause. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. incense-breath n. incense-cloud n. ΚΠ a1835 F. D. Hemans To Picture Madonna in Poet. Remains (1836) 25 And hath the crested helmet bow'd Before thee, 'midst the incense-cloud? incense-mist n. ΚΠ 1830 F. D. Hemans Minster in Songs of Affections 166 Revealing Through incense-mists their sainted pageantry. incense-pan n. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > implement (general) > vessel (general) > incense holder > [noun] ship1422 navet1467 incense-pan1611 naviculac1626 boat1760 incense-boat1853 nef1867 1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Incensorio, a censor, or incense-pan. a1661 B. Holyday tr. Juvenal Satyres (1673) 248 There was no such matter as the bringing of their incense in papers to the altars; there being, for that purpose, an incense-pan. incense-pot n. ΚΠ 1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. i. iii. 43 A little Altar, with two Incense-pots on it. incense-smoke n. b. incense-bearing adj. ΚΠ 1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna xii. xix. 259 Many a lawny mountain With incense-bearing forests. incense-burning adj. incense-loaded adj. ΚΠ 1842 F. W. Faber Styrian Lake 37 The incense-loaded air. C2. incense-blossom n. a blossom yielding ‘incense’ or fragrance. ΚΠ a1822 P. B. Shelley To Constantia Singing in Posthumous Poems (1824) 144 Western isles, with incense-blossoms bright. incense-boat n. a boat-shaped vessel used to hold incense for transfer to a censer. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > implement (general) > vessel (general) > incense holder > [noun] ship1422 navet1467 incense-pan1611 naviculac1626 boat1760 incense-boat1853 nef1867 1853 J. D. H. Dale tr. G. Baldeschi Ceremonial Rom. Rite 8 He..presents the navicula (or incense-boat) to the Master of Ceremonies. 1866 R. F. Littledale Incense 19 The priest..takes the incense-boat, and burns incense in the thurible, censing the altar five times. † incense-brass n. Obsolete a rendering of Greek χαλκολίβανον in Revelation i. 15 (1611 ‘fine brass’, Revised Version 1881 ‘burnished brass’, but also explained as ‘yellow frankincense’). ΚΠ 1573 J. Daus tr. H. Bullinger Hundred Serm. vpon Apocalipse (rev. ed.) v. f. 17^v The feete of the Lord are of Copper, or like to Incens-brasse burnyng in a fire. For Incensbrasse is a word compounded of Brasse and Incence. incense-breathing adj. exhaling ‘incense’ or fragrance. ΚΠ 1751 T. Gray Elegy v. 6 The breezy call of incense-breathing morn. incense-burner n. (a) one who burns incense; (b) a vessel or stand in or on which incense is burnt. ΚΠ a1843 R. Southey Common-place Bk. (1851) 4th Ser. 3/1 An incense-burner to the idols. incense-cedar n. the genus Libocedrus, esp. the White Cedar ( L. decurrens) of Western North America. ΚΠ 1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants Libocedrus, Incense Cedar. Categories » incense-cup n. a cup or small vessel for burning incense; also applied to certain small vessels found in prehistoric graves. † incense-frank n. Obsolete = frankincense n. (obsolete). ΚΠ 1633 True Trojans iii. vi, in W. C. Hazlitt Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Eng. Plays (1875) XII. 498 An altar we descry, Where incense-frank and amber fumes did fly In little rolling curls. incense-tree n. a name for various trees yielding incense, esp. of the genera Boswellia (chiefly East Indian) and Icica (chiefly South American); also applied to a species of Pittosporum, from its fragrant flowers. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > fragrant plants or plants used in perfumery > [noun] > trees or shrubs > incense- or frankincense-tree thus1398 incense-tree1587 frankincense1611 the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > [noun] > pittosporum pittosporum1789 pittosporad1846 karo1853 incense-tree1884 1587 D. Fenner in E. Farr Sel. Poetry Reign Elizabeth (1845) II. 341 Spiknard, saffron, sweet canes, Cinomon, with the rest Of incense-trees. 1855 C. Kingsley Westward Ho! (1889) xxi. 391 Shrubberies of heaths and rhododendrons, and woolly incense-trees. 1884 Leisure Hour Dec. 753/2 The Pittosporum or incense tree, as it is here called from the perfume which its pretty white flowers give out. incense-wood n. the wood of Icica heptaphylla, a South American tree. ΚΠ 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. Incense wood, Icica heptaphylla. † incense-wort n. Obsolete ‘a kind of herb’ (Phillips, 1706). This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). incensev.¹ Brit. /ˈɪnsɛns/, U.S. /ˈɪnˌsɛns/ Forms: see incense n. Etymology: < French encenser ( Chanson Roland, 11th cent.), corresponding to medieval Latin incensāre and Italian incensare , < encens , incensum , incenso , incense n. 1. transitive. To fumigate or perfume (a person or thing) with incense, esp. in connection with a religious ceremony; to burn or offer incense before (an image), or to (a deity); to cense. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > impart perfume [verb (transitive)] > cense sterec1000 incense1303 smeeka1382 thurifyc1400 censec1405 thuriblec1440 censer1625 society > faith > worship > other practices > carry out other practices [verb (transitive)] > burn incense > perfume with or burn incense before person rechela1200 incense1303 thurifyc1400 censec1405 becensea1622 fume1641 1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 11093 Þey ensensede þe body. 1401 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 44 Chorees children, with new senceres ensencen the auters of synne. c1480 (a1400) St. John Baptist 47 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 224 Þis ȝachary..wes in þe tempil gan,..til incense þe altere. 1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) i. xv. 47/1 Now clerkes encense ymages & other. 1558 Hethe in J. Strype Ann. Reformation (1824) I. App. vi. 402 Kinge Ozias did take the censer to incense the aulter. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 144 An Idol-roome, where they Incense these Deities morning and euening. 1709 J. Johnson Clergy-man's Vade Mecum: Pt. II 194 They that..did not..with their own hands incense Idols. 1805 R. Southey Madoc ii. ii. 198 And those infernal Priests, who guard him then..At morning and at evening incense him, And mock him with knee-reverence. 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. i. x. 71 Neither,..shall any man or woman, self-styled noble, be ‘incensed’,—foolishly fumigated with incense, in Church. figurative.1729 T. Stackhouse Compl. Body Divinity iv. i. §2. 587 The Prayers of the Saints, incensed with the Merits of his Sacrifice. 2. transferred. To perfume with any pleasant odour; to suffuse with fragrance; to scent. (In quot. ?1504, to drive out by diffusing fragrance.) ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > impart perfume [verb (transitive)] embalm1447 aromatize1480 fumea1483 incense?1504 fumigate1530 perfume1539 suffume1540 scent1567 aromatizate1576 sweetena1586 suffumigate1599 frot1608 inodorate1623 suffite1657 essencificate1658 essence1675 essencify1707 balmify1733 odoriferize1824 fragrance1854 reperfume1885 smeech1897 ?1504 S. Hawes Example of Vertu sig. bb.ii Fragrant floures full of delycasy That all yll heyres [= airs] dyde ensence oute. 1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies I. vii. 68 Some Powder of Benjoin, Myrrh or Frankincense, which produce a thick Smoke, that incenses or perfumes the whole Room. 1852 N. Hawthorne Blithedale Romance iv. 30 A goodly quantity of peat, which was crumbling to white ashes..incensed the kitchen with its not ungrateful fragrance. 1861 L. L. Noble After Icebergs 303 Wild roses incensed the fresh air. 1884 J. Payne 1001 Nights VIII. 20 She incensed herself with aloes-wood and scented herself with musk and ambergris. 3. figurative. To offer flattering homage or adulation to; to flatter. ? Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > flattery or flattering > servile flattery or currying favour > flatter servilely or curry favour with [verb (transitive)] flatter1340 to claw the back ofc1394 to pick a thank (also thanks)c1422 clawc1425 to claw by the sleeve1509 to claw by the backa1542 fawna1568 to make or pay (one's) court to1590 adulate1612 hug1622 sycophant1637 to make up to1701 to whip it in with1702 cultivate1706 incense1708 to wheedle in with1726 to grandfather up1747 slaver1794 toad1802 to play up to ——1809 nut1819 toady1827 bootlick1846 to suck up to1860 lickspittle1886 jolly1890 bum-suck1918 arse-lick1919 to cosy up to1937 brown-nose1948 ass-kiss1951 ass-lick1962 love-bomb1976 1708 W. Darrell Suppl. to 1st Pt. Gentleman Instructed ix. 228 He..now must be bought off and incensed by his Sovereign, as the Devil is by the Indians, that he may do no more Harm. 1736 Ld. Hervey Mem. Reign Geo. II (1848) I. 319 Flatterers that were perpetually incensing his altars. 1763 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting III. iv. 112 This was not the only instance in which the poet incensed the painter. 4. To burn or offer as incense (literal and figurative). ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > other practices > carry out other practices [verb (transitive)] > burn incense incense1605 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Hhh1^v The good, if any bee, is due..to be incensed to the honour first of the diuine Maiestie, and next of your Maiestie. View more context for this quotation 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 417 A Censer with Incense, which he incenseth. 1872 J. G. Murphy Crit. Comm. Leviticus iv. 11–12 The whole carcass of the bullock is burned, not incensed or turned into a sweet smell on the altar, but consumed by fire in the place of ashes. 5. intransitive. To burn or offer incense. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > other practices > carry out other practices [verb (intransitive)] > burn incense incensec1386 censec1440 thurifyc1440 censer1625 c1386 G. Chaucer Second Nun's Tale 395 They nolde encense ne sacrifise right nought. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Luke i. 9 He..entride in to the temple, to encense. c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 169 Forto encense to God or to a Seint bifore an auter. 1638 Penit. Conf. (1657) viii. 250 Such who..through frailty had incensed unto Idols. 1870 Daily News 7 Feb. His Holiness..afterwards walked round the coffin, incensing and sprinking holy water. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). incensev.² /ɪnˈsɛns/ Forms: Middle English encense, Middle English–1500s ensense, Middle English–1600s incence, 1500s–1600s insence, 1500s– incense. Etymology: < Old French incenser (? encenser ) (15–16th cent. in Godefroy), < Latin incens- , participial stem of incendĕre to set on fire, incend v. †1. a. transitive. To set on fire, kindle; to consume with fire, burn. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > burn or consume by fire [verb (transitive)] > set on fire inflamec1384 to set on firec1384 firec1425 incense1470 esprise1474 succend?a1475 embrase1480 to light upa1500 enfirea1522 ignifya1586 befire1613 incendiatea1701 to touch off1759 conflagrate1835 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xxi. xi Syr Launcelot with his viij felowes wente aboute the hors bere syngyng & redyng many an holy oryson, & frankensens vpon the corps encensed. 1477 T. Norton Ordinall of Alchimy v, in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Britannicum (1652) 64 Incenced with Heate. 1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure i. xv Envyroned about With tongues of fyre as bright as any starre, That fyry flambes ensensed alway out. ?1593 G. Fletcher Licia xli. 42 For why my heart with sighs doth breath such flame, That ayre and water both incensed be. 1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 24 Vertue is like pretious Odours, most fragrant, when they are incensed, or crushed. c1700 J. Addison Milton's Stile Imitated (R.) Now belches molten stones and ruddy flame Incenst, or tears up mountains by the roots. †b. To heat, make hot. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. i. i. iv. 12 Madnesse..hath the same causes as the other [sc. Frensie], as Choler adust, and Blood incensed, Braines inflamed. †2. figurative. To inflame, excite, ‘kindle’ (passion or ardent feeling). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > passion > ardour or fervour > ardent or fervent [verb (transitive)] incense1598 the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > quality of affecting the emotions > affect with emotion [verb (transitive)] > cause or give rise to an emotion rearOE arear?c1225 annoyc1300 movea1325 excite1393 raisea1400 lighta1413 stirc1430 provokec1450 provocate?a1475 rendera1522 to stir upc1530 excitate?1549 inspire1576 yield1576 to turn up1579 rouse1589 urge1594 incense1598 upraisea1600 upreara1600 irritate1612 awakena1616 recreate1643 pique1697 arouse1730 unlull1743 energize1753 evocate1827 evoke1856 vibe1977 1598 J. Marston Scourge of Villanie i. iii. sig. C8 Shall Curio..with bare groping touch Incense his lust? 1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes i. §4. 7 These by their sinnes much incense Gods wrath. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 692 Will God incense his ire For such a petty Trespass..? View more context for this quotation 1809 W. Irving Hist. N.Y. II. vii. iii. 196 Perplexities, which bewildered the brain and incensed the ire of honest Peter. †3. a. To inflame, excite, ‘fire’ (a person with some ardent feeling or passion). Obsolete except as in 3b. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > passion > ardour or fervour > ardent or fervent [verb (transitive)] > inflame (with) passion annealeOE ontendeOE anheatOE atend1006 tindc1175 firec1225 heat?c1225 inlowa1300 inflamea1340 eschaufec1374 flamec1380 kindlec1390 chafe1393 achafea1400 to set a firec1400 lighta1413 incense1435 scaldc1480 embrase1483 incend?1504 to set on fire?1526 enkindle1561 enfire1596 flush1633 boil1649 calenturea1657 infirea1661 R. Misyn tr. R. Rolle Fire of Love 102 My saule truly with holy lufe was ensensyd. 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. ii. sig. Avi^v Some..be incensed with glorie; some with ambition. 1610 G. Fletcher Christs Victorie 18 And all incens'd with loue, With wonder, and amazement, did her beautie prooue. 1664 Floddan Field i. 1 You muses all my mind incense. b. spec. To inflame with wrath, excite or provoke to anger, make angry, enrage, exasperate. (The current sense.) ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (transitive)] > make angry wrethec900 abelgheeOE abaeileOE teenOE i-wrathec1075 wratha1200 awratha1250 gramec1275 forthcalla1300 excitea1340 grieve1362 movea1382 achafea1400 craba1400 angerc1400 mada1425 provokec1425 forwrecchec1450 wrothc1450 arage1470 incensea1513 puff1526 angry1530 despite1530 exasperate1534 exasper1545 stunt1583 pepper1599 enfever1647 nanger1675 to put or set up the back1728 roil1742 outrage1818 to put a person's monkey up1833 to get one's back up1840 to bring one's nap up1843 rouse1843 to get a person's shirt out1844 heat1855 to steam up1860 to get one's rag out1862 steam1922 to burn up1923 to flip out1964 a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccvii. f. cxxviii^v For the whiche he ensensed the Kynge of Fraunce agayne hym in all that he myght. c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme lxxviii. 126 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 110 How ofte this crooked kind Incenst him in the desert euery where? 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. iii. sig. O7^v Much was the knight incenst with his lewd word. View more context for this quotation 1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures xxx. 119 They incensed the Inhabitants against him. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones VI. xvi. ii. 6 This so incensed her Father, that..he departed from her with many hard Words and Curses. View more context for this quotation 1858 Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 151 340 A thing likely to incense and horrify the people of India. c. figurative. To stir up, make violent or furious.In quot. 1630 with mixture of sense 1. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > make (more) violent [verb (transitive)] enragec1500 renfierce1590 inflame1607 incense1615 ferment1660 1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 2 A sea tempestuous and vnfaithfull; at an instant incensed with sudden gusts. 1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 25 A trade-wind blowing..which when contrary to the streame, doth exceedingly incense it. 1630 T. Dekker Second Pt. Honest Whore iii. i. 225 Winds wrastling with great fires, incense the flames. †4. To incite to some action; to urge, instigate, stir up, ‘set on’. Const. to or to do something.In some instances perhaps associated with insense n. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate stirc897 putOE sputc1175 prokec1225 prickc1230 commovec1374 baitc1378 stingc1386 movea1398 eager?a1400 pokec1400 provokea1425 tollc1440 cheera1450 irritec1450 encourage1483 incite1483 harden1487 attice1490 pricklea1522 to set on1523 incense1531 irritate1531 animate1532 tickle1532 stomach1541 instigate1542 concitea1555 upsteer1558 urge1565 instimulate1570 whip1573 goad1579 raise1581 to set upa1586 to call ona1592 incitate1597 indarec1599 alarm1602 exstimulate1603 to put on1604 feeze1610 impulse1611 fomentate1613 emovec1614 animalize1617 stimulate1619 spura1644 trinkle1685 cite1718 to put up1812 prod1832 to jack up1914 goose1934 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. xiv. sig. Hiij If nature..wyll dispose them to that maner studie; they shall be therto the more incensed, and come vnto it the better prepared and furnisshed. 1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. 1 Pet. ii. f. vii The profession..whereunto they ought rather to be encensed and allured by your honest behauiour. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxvii. xlix. 665 [Asdrubal] when his men were weery and drew back..incensed [L. accendit] them againe, one while by faire words and intreatie, another while by sharpe checks and rebukes. 1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre iv. xxviii. 217 By which speech he incensed the English to go on with him. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.c1290v.¹1303v.²1435
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incensen.

Compounds

incensev.1

incensev.2

incensev.¹

incensev.²