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单词 arrowroot
释义

arrowrootn.

Brit. /ˈarə(ʊ)ruːt/, U.S. /ˈɛroʊˌrut/
Forms: 1600s– arrowroot, 1900s– arraroot (rare), 1900s– aruroot (rare).
Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: arrow n., root n.1
Etymology: < arrow n. + root n.1, apparently so called on account of the use made of the fleshy tubers of this plant to draw poison from wounds, especially those caused by poisoned arrows (see quot. 1696 at sense 1a). The first element perhaps results from folk-etymological alteration of the name of the plant (or the starch derived from it) in a language of the Caribbean (compare e.g. Arawak haro kind of starch, Sranan aroeroe arrowroot). Compare French herbe aux flèches (1654 as †herbe aux flesches), which may have been a further influence, unless it is itself after English (in which case it would imply earlier currency). With Indian arrowroot (compare quots. 1696 at sense 1a, 1707 at sense 1a, 1788-9 at sense 1a) compare earlier Indian reed n.
1.
a. More fully Indian arrowroot. A large perennial herb native to Mexico, Central and South America, and the West Indies, Maranta arundinacea (family Marantaceae), which has lanceolate leaves and clusters of small white flowers, and is widely cultivated for its white tuberous roots which yield an edible starch. Also: the root of this plant. Cf. Maranta n. (a).
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > root vegetables > other root vegetables or plants producing them
skirret-root1565
Spanish nut1597
oca1604
tuckahoe1612
sisyrinchium1629
sedge-root1648
arrowroot1681
breadroot1756
tannia1756
rush nut1783
wapato1796
cous1806
prairie turnip1811
prairie potato1828
native potato1833
murnong1836
Tartarian bread1836
biscuitroot1837
tobacco-root1845
amadumbi1851
chufa1860
yam-bean1864
parsnip chervil1866
tiger-nut1887
yautia1899
wasabi1903
1681 W. Stapleton Let. 16 Aug. in Cal. State Papers Amer. & W. Indies (1898) XI. 101 Instead of applying the juice of the Indian arrow-root to him, one of them, who spoke good English.., staved his brains out with his own axe.
1696 H. Sloane Catal. Plantarum in Jamaica 122 Canna Indica radice alba alexipharmaca. L'herbe aux fleches, Du Tertre p. 90, Rochef. p. 130. An yerva que con el sumo de su rayz remedia la ponsonna de las mansanillas ponsonnosas,..Lop. de Gomara, cap. 71. hist. gen... Cyperus longus inodorus quartus, seu radix contra venenatas sagittas. C. B. pin. p. 14?..Indian arrow root.
1750 G. Hughes Nat. Hist. Barbados viii. 221 The Arrow-Root; Lat. Maranta. This is a very useful Plant, both physically and otherwise.
1788–9 G. S. Howard New Royal Encycl. I. 224 Indian Arrow-root is the same with the maranta. It is esteemed a sovereign remedy against the bite of wasps, and the poison of the manchineel tree.
1795 M. Underwood Treat. Dis. Children (ed. 3) I. 145 I have been lately informed, that the powder of arrow root, boiled in milk, is second to none.
1858 R. Hogg Veg. Kingdom 786 Maranta arundinacea, Arrow-root, is a native of the West Indies.
1883 F. Pogson Man. Agric. for India xvi. 198 Arrowroot will not grow at high elevations above the sea-level in the Himalayas.
1929 H. A. A. Nicholls & J. H. Holland Text-bk. Trop. Agric. (ed. 2) ii. xv. 435 Arrowroot. Maranta arundinacea... The name arrowroot is derived from the fact that the rhizomes were used by the Indians as an application to wounds inflicted by poisoned arrows.
1993 B. Shacochis Swimming in Volcano xi. 151 Tell Poppi dirt fall down from where de fellas plant arrowroot and break me house.
2012 E. Small Top 100 Exotic Food Plants vii. 52 The true arrowroot is a tropical American perennial herb, growing to 2 m (6 ½ ft.) in height.
b. Any of various other plants, the tuberous roots of which are edible or yield a similar edible starch. Chiefly with distinguishing word.Portland arrowroot, South Sea arrowroot, Tahiti arrowroot: see the first element.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > names applied to various plants > [noun]
heatha700
beeworteOE
leversc725
springworteOE
clotec1000
halswortc1000
sengreenc1000
bottle?a1200
bird's-tonguea1300
bloodworta1300
faverolea1300
vetchc1300
pimpernel1378
oniona1398
bird's nest?a1425
adder's grassc1450
cockheada1500
ambrosia1525
fleawort1548
son before the father1552
crow-toe1562
basil1578
bird's-foot1578
bloodroot1578
throatwort1578
phalangium1608
yew1653
chalcedon1664
dittany1676
bleeding heart1691
felon-wort1706
hedgehog1712
land caltrops1727
old man's beard1731
loosestrife1760
Solomon's seal1760
fireweed1764
desert rose1792
star of Bethlehem1793
hen and chickens1794
Aaron's beard1820
felon-grass1824
arrowroot1835
snake-root1856
firebush1858
tick-seed1860
bird's eye1863
burning bush1866
rat-tail1871
lamb's earsa1876
lamb's tongue plant1882
tar-weed1884
Tom Thumb1886
parrotbeak1890
stinkweed1932
1835 Southern Agriculturist Oct. 527 Florida Arrowroot (Zamia integrifolia) and a host of other medicinal plants from foreign climes can be raised with success in the environs of our city.
1886 Colonial & Indian Exhib.: Empire of India Special Catal. Exhibits 75 Curcuma angustifolia,... Wild or East Indian Arrowroot. An abundant plant (wild and cultivated) in some parts of India.
1929 H. A. A. Nicholls & J. H. Holland Text-bk. Trop. Agric. (ed. 2) ii. xv. 440 Canna edulis...is cultivated in Queensland, where it is known as ‘purple arrowroot’, to distinguish it from Maranta arundinacea.
1999 J. H. Wiersema & B. León World Econ. Plants 546/2 Brazilian arrowrootManihot esculenta.
2012 J. Bruton-Seal & M. Seal Kitchen Med. (new ed.) 17 The ‘true arrowroot’ is Maranta, but many tubers grown around the tropics and subtropics also known as arrowroot belong in different botanical families.
2.
a. An edible fine-grained starch obtained from the tuberous roots of various plants (esp. Maranta arundinacea), used in cooking and food manufacture as a thickening agent.In early quots., sometimes difficult to distinguish from sense 2b.
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the world > food and drink > food > substances for food preparation > [noun] > thickening agent
lear?c1390
liaison1759
arrowroot?1790
roux1793
Tahiti arrow-root1861
filé1885
gumbo filé1978
Oatrim1990
the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > carbohydrates > sugars > polysaccharides > [noun] > starch > types of
arrowroot?1790
lichenin1836
isolichenin1898
Feculose1903
?1790 D. Cox Family Med. Compend. (new ed.) 98 Whey, milk, barley, rice, sago, tapioca, arrow root, and things of a similar quality, compose at first the only allowable nutriment.
1793 G. Wallis Art preventing Dis. 602 The diet should be broths—gruels with a little wine, sago, salop, arrow-root, tapioca.
1811 A. T. Thomson London Dispensatory 402 Sago, salep, tapioca, arrowroot..are only different modifications of starch.
1822 A. T. Thomson London Dispensatory (ed. 3) 541 (note) Arrowroot is the pith of the Maranta arundinacea.
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 720 Other descriptions of Arrow-root are furnished by plants belonging to the following genera: Arum, Canna, Curcuma, Jatropha, Tacca.
1959 Listener 11 June 1043/1 The sticky jells given by other starches such as tapioca and arrowroot.
1991 Berkshire Apr. 28/1 [He] eschews wheat flour in his roux in favor of healthier arrowroot.
2001 B. Geddes World Food: Caribbean Gloss. 231/1 Arrowroot, starchy, white powder obtained from the plant of the same name. It is used as a flavorless thickening agent in soups, stews, sauces and glazes.
b. A drink or paste made by mixing this starch with water or milk, often given to infants and invalids. Also: blancmange or milk pudding made with this starch. Now historical and rare.
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the world > food and drink > drink > other drinks > [noun]
Galianesc1386
tawnyc1430
Stygian liquor1638
cool-drink1667
pearl julep1680
ambrosia1685
content1699
amazake1727
carrot juice1772
arrowroot1822
fox-whelp1837
Badminton1845
bug juice1889
mahewu1936
Clamato1951
Arnold Palmer1991
Butterbeer1999
boba2000
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > jelly > [noun] > sweet and other jellies
blancmange1377
manger blanc1574
moonshine1608
viper-jelly1702
saloop1712
jelly1728
salep1736
bread jelly1750
hartshorn jelly1769
arrowroot1822
table jelly1830
pineapple jelly1841
fruit-jelly1846
jujube paste1858
sponge1859
stone cream1861
pavlova1911
tracklement1954
1822 Man. Med., Surg. & Midwifery 127 Cool tea, dry toast, arrow root,..and after a few days meat as directed.
1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xl. 362 They smooth pillows: and make arrow-root: they get up at nights.
1854 Amer. Med. Monthly Oct. 262 Drinks arrow-root freely.
1923 Manch. Guardian 28 Mar. 16 The witness had made some arrowroot.
2010 P. Ollerhead & S. Chambers Foul Deeds around Crewe vii. 72 When her father got home from the works..he said he'd have some arrowroot.

Compounds

a. General attributive.
ΚΠ
1796 True Briton 9 May Arrow Root Bill presented.
1854 Farmer's Mag. June 536/2 The time..required to boil an arrowroot pudding.
1861 G. A. Sala Twice round Clock 192 The refreshment counter, where they sell the arrow-root cakes.
1874 Lancet 23 May 723/2 They..took arrowroot jelly sweetened.
1940 Brit. Red Cross Soc. Cookery & Catering Man. (ed. 4) viii. 97 (heading) Arrowroot Soufflé.
1970 Washington Post 4 June f1/3 Arrowroot tubers and fiddlehead fern buds.
2012 E. Small Top 100 Exotic Food Plants vii. 54 Special-diet cookbooks..are excellent sources of arrowroot recipes.
b.
arrowroot biscuit n.
ΚΠ
1844 Bristol Mercury 30 Nov. 1/5 (advt.) Dodson's patent arrow-root biscuits.
1948 Food Retailing Mag. Mar. 22/3 Other foods mother needs for baby:..zweiback and arrowroot biscuits.
2015 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 17 Jan. 47 Retiring to bed with a glass of milk and an arrowroot biscuit.
arrowroot flour n.
ΚΠ
1797 P. Gibbes Instr. Treatm. Negroes (new ed.) 43 An ounce of the arrow-root flour boiled in a quart of water.
1834 Liverpool Mercury 23 May 169/3 1 pkg arrowroot flour.
1934 Times of India 8 May 3/6 Purchasers of arrowroot flour.
2015 Times Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) (Nexis) 10 May c1 The noodles that my wife cooked for me..are made from arrowroot flour.
arrowroot powder n. Quot. ?1790 probably shows a compound having Indian arrow root as the first element.
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?1790 D. Cox Family Med. Compend. (new ed.) 105 Put a desert spoonful of Indian arrow root powder into a bason.]
1797 R. Pearson Pract. Synopsis Materia Alimentaria & Materia Medica II. ii. 16 The starch..sold under the name of Arrow-root powder.
1870 Godey's Lady's Bk. May 473/1 Not quite a tablespoonful of arrowroot powder.
1975 Yuma (Arizona) Daily Sun 21 Nov. (¿Que Pasa? section) 10/1 Blend in arrowroot powder.
2016 Chicago Daily Herald (Nexis) 27 Jan. 3 Arrowroot powder..is used as a thickener in many gluten-free baked products.
arrowroot starch n.
ΚΠ
1796 T. Ryder Some Acct. Maranta 16 One pound of Arrow Root starch is equal to two pounds and a half of the starch prepared from wheat.
1847 Gardeners' Chron. 4 Sept. 589/2 Arrow-root starch had..an artificial value in the market.
1972 R. Corson Fashions in Makeup xv. 355 Rice powder and powdered arrowroot starch were commonly used to remove shine from the skin.
2012 E. Small Top 100 Exotic Food Plants vii. 51 M. arundinacea is the main species used to obtain arrowroot starch.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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