immunizationn.

Brit.

/ˌɪmjᵿnʌɪˈzeɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌɪmjənəˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/,

/ˌɪmjənaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: see immunize v. and -ation suffix.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; probably modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: immunize v., -ation suffix.

Etymology: < immunize v. + -ation suffix, probably after German Immunisierung (1888 or earlier as Immunisirung). Compare French immunisation (1894).

1. Medicine (and Biology). The production of immunity in an organism; esp. inoculation or vaccination against a disease. Also: the administration of a vaccine, antiserum, antigen, etc.; the state of having been immunized. Cf. immunize v. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > immunoprophylaxis > [noun] > immunization

immunization1889

immunizing1894

immunifaction1913

premunization1927

1889 Science 22 Nov. 346/1 The effects of chemical agents for the purpose of immunization are certainly more accurately measurable than those of living fungi.

1894 Lancet 3 Nov. 1044/2 Artificial immunisation, even against diseases liable to recurrence, such as anthrax,..that is the enterprise realised by Pasteur.

1907 S. Arrhenius Immunochem. p. vii The substances that are produced by the injection of foreign substances into the blood of animals, i.e. by immunisation, are under discussion in these pages.

1933 Q. Rev. Biol. 8 289 We are..stimulated to investigate farther a field which from the practical standpoint of phytotherapy is no less significant than that of the active immunization of plants.

1967 Canad. Med. Assoc. Jrnl. 18 Nov. 1252/2 The final proof that primary immunization has not occurred is failure of the recipient to give a secondary response reaction to a second dose of antigen.

1994 Dog World Jan. 66/2 A titer, run from a blood sample, measures the level of antibody or immunization.

2001 N. Jones Rough Guide Trav. Health i. 20 Tetanus vaccination is part of the normal course of childhood immunizations in most countries.

2. figurative.

a. The action or fact of rendering someone or something insusceptible to a perceived threat; protection, defence.

ΚΠ

1893 tr. R. Virchow in Westm. Gaz. 17 Mar. 7/1 It is also a kind of immunisation which..has also great drawbacks; for this hardening against unjust attacks leads very easily to a similar indifference towards just attacks.

1964 Jrnl. Marketing 28 No. 1. 9/1 Immediately visible identity also helps to penetrate consumers' ‘immunization’ against ‘new, new, new’ appeals.

1998 Vigiliae Christianae 52 148 We should replace christology with anthropology and ethics as a ‘strategy of immunization’ against natural violence.

b. Finance. A technique for eliminating interest-rate risk in fixed-income portfolios by making the duration of the assets and liabilities equal.

ΚΠ

1971 Jrnl. Business 44 415/2 The concept of duration is the cornerstone of the strategy for immunization.

1979 Amer. Banker (Nexis) 18 Oct. Immunization is a means of hedging a bond portfolio to assure a base level return regardless of interest rate fluctuations.

2007 HedgeWorld Daily News (Nexis) 28 Mar. They are..looking into an array of strategies that include liability-driven investing.., immunization, absolute return and portable alpha.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	immunization
释义	immunizationn. Brit. /ˌɪmjᵿnʌɪˈzeɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌɪmjənəˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/, /ˌɪmjənaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: see immunize v. and -ation suffix. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; probably modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: immunize v., -ation suffix. Etymology: < immunize v. + -ation suffix, probably after German Immunisierung (1888 or earlier as Immunisirung). Compare French immunisation (1894). 1. Medicine (and Biology). The production of immunity in an organism; esp. inoculation or vaccination against a disease. Also: the administration of a vaccine, antiserum, antigen, etc.; the state of having been immunized. Cf. immunize v. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > immunoprophylaxis > [noun] > immunization immunization1889 immunizing1894 immunifaction1913 premunization1927 1889 Science 22 Nov. 346/1 The effects of chemical agents for the purpose of immunization are certainly more accurately measurable than those of living fungi. 1894 Lancet 3 Nov. 1044/2 Artificial immunisation, even against diseases liable to recurrence, such as anthrax,..that is the enterprise realised by Pasteur. 1907 S. Arrhenius Immunochem. p. vii The substances that are produced by the injection of foreign substances into the blood of animals, i.e. by immunisation, are under discussion in these pages. 1933 Q. Rev. Biol. 8 289 We are..stimulated to investigate farther a field which from the practical standpoint of phytotherapy is no less significant than that of the active immunization of plants. 1967 Canad. Med. Assoc. Jrnl. 18 Nov. 1252/2 The final proof that primary immunization has not occurred is failure of the recipient to give a secondary response reaction to a second dose of antigen. 1994 Dog World Jan. 66/2 A titer, run from a blood sample, measures the level of antibody or immunization. 2001 N. Jones Rough Guide Trav. Health i. 20 Tetanus vaccination is part of the normal course of childhood immunizations in most countries. 2. figurative. a. The action or fact of rendering someone or something insusceptible to a perceived threat; protection, defence. ΚΠ 1893 tr. R. Virchow in Westm. Gaz. 17 Mar. 7/1 It is also a kind of immunisation which..has also great drawbacks; for this hardening against unjust attacks leads very easily to a similar indifference towards just attacks. 1964 Jrnl. Marketing 28 No. 1. 9/1 Immediately visible identity also helps to penetrate consumers' ‘immunization’ against ‘new, new, new’ appeals. 1998 Vigiliae Christianae 52 148 We should replace christology with anthropology and ethics as a ‘strategy of immunization’ against natural violence. b. Finance. A technique for eliminating interest-rate risk in fixed-income portfolios by making the duration of the assets and liabilities equal. ΚΠ 1971 Jrnl. Business 44 415/2 The concept of duration is the cornerstone of the strategy for immunization. 1979 Amer. Banker (Nexis) 18 Oct. Immunization is a means of hedging a bond portfolio to assure a base level return regardless of interest rate fluctuations. 2007 HedgeWorld Daily News (Nexis) 28 Mar. They are..looking into an array of strategies that include liability-driven investing.., immunization, absolute return and portable alpha. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1889
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