imitationn.

/ɪmɪˈteɪʃən/

Forms: Also 1500s ymytacion, imytacion.

Etymology: < Latin imitātiōn-em, noun of action from imitārī to imitate v.: perhaps through French imitation.

a. The action or practice of imitating or copying. †arts of imitation = imitative arts.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [noun]

imitation?1504

mimesisa1586

imitating1591

mocking1611

mockage1615

samplinga1638

exemplification1650

facsimilea1661

mimature1663

mimicry1688

copying1712

mimic1832

patterning1845

simulation1870

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > [noun]

arts of imitation1638

design1638

art1668

fine arts1686

imitative arts1753

designation1796

fine art1804

beaux arts1821

visual art1857

machine art1945

picturedom1945

?1504 W. Atkinson tr. Thomas à Kempis Ful Treat. Imytacyon Cryste (Pynson) (title) A full deuoute & gosteley treatyse of y^e Imytacion & folowynge y^e blessyd lyfe of our most mercifull sauiour cryst.

1520 R. Whittington Uulgaria sig. A.iv^v Many fresshe Wyttes by that blynde imitacyon be deceyued.

1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 150 Concerning the manifold use of these Arts of imitation.

1727 D. Defoe Syst. Magick i. i. 7 Adam's Posterity..learnt to speak more immediately from him and Eve their mother by meere imitation of Sounds.

1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. v. 45 An example for imitation.

1820 C. Colton Lacon §ccxvii. 113 Imitation is the sincerest of flattery.

1876 J. B. Mozley Serm. preached Univ. of Oxf. ii. 26 Imitation, as well as nature, is the source of particular virtues.

b. Phrase: in imitation of (cf. French à l'imitation de). Also †after the imitation of, according to the imitation of, out of an imitation of; †in his imitation (cf. French à son imitation).

ΚΠ

1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 3 They learned it not of the Arabians..neither dyd they it after the imitation of the Missians.

1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. xxi. 58 According to the imitation of the auncient Græcians and Romaines.

1592 A. Day Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) i. sig. E1^v In imitation of the best and most learned iudgements of our time.

1594 R. Carew tr. J. Huarte Exam. Mens Wits x. 133 That which this notable man vsed to do..I am now also resolued to do in his imitation.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxix. 170 To see the late troubles in England, out of an imitation of the Low Countries.

1823 J. Rutter Delineations of Fonthill 25 Carved timber work, painted in imitation of old oak.

c. Psychology. The adoption, whether conscious or not, during a learning process, of the behaviour or attitudes of some specific person or model.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > developmental psychology > acquisition of knowledge > types of learning > [noun]

rote learning1842

trial and error1894

imitation1895

rehearsal1902

latent learning1929

e-learning1997

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > experimental psychology > conditioning > [noun] > involving model

imitation1895

1807 W. Wordsworth Ode in Poems II. 153 The little Actor cons another part..As if his whole vocation Were endless imitation. ]

1895 J. M. Baldwin Mental Devel. xii. 351 First..biological or organic imitation... Second: we pass to psychological, conscious, or cortical imitations.

1895 J. M. Baldwin Mental Devel. xii. 352 Plastic Imitation. This phrase is used to cover all cases of reaction or attitude, toward the doings, customs, opinions of others, which once represented more or less conscious adaptations..but which have become what is ordinarily called ‘secondary automatic’ and subconscious.

1899 H. C. Warren tr. J. G. Tarde Social Laws 42 Giving the word imitation the very wide meaning accorded to it..by Mr. Baldwin..one might regard imitation as the fundamental fact, not only of social and psychological life, but of organic life as well, where it would appear as the necessary condition of habit and heredity.

1903 E. C. Parsons tr. G. de Tarde Laws of Imitation p. xiv By imitation, I mean every impression of an inter-psychical photography..willed or not willed, passive or active.

1924 F. H. Allport Social Psychol. x. 239 Before the rise of a really critical science of behavior the term ‘imitation’ enjoyed wide repute in social theory... Our treatment of imitation must therefore be mainly negative.

1946 D. McCarthy in L. Carmichael Manual of Child Psychol. 497/1 An interesting controversy..on the problem of the relationship between imitation and comprehension of language.

1968 Internat. Encycl. Social Sci. VII. 96/1 Learning by vicarious experience has historically been referred to as ‘imitation’.

2. The result or product of imitating; a copy, an artificial likeness; a thing made to look like something else, which it is not; a counterfeit.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [noun] > an imitation

resemblant1484

patterna1500

counterfeiture1548

counterfeit1587

idol1590

reduplication1592

copy1596

module1608

imitationa1616

mockage1615

echo1622

conduplicationa1631

transcript1646

ectype1647

mime1650

duplicating1659

mimicry1688

replication1692

shadow1693

reproduction1701

mimication?1715

repetition1774

replicate1821

autotype1829

replica1841

re-creation1915

retake1922

mock-up1957

reprise1961

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > forgery, falsification > [noun] > something false or forged

falsehood1340

counterfeiture1548

forgery1574

bastard1581

man of straw1599

counterfeit1613

imitationa1616

mock1646

pasteboard1648

sophistication1664

imposture1699

fraud1725

sham1728

adulteration1756

falsity1780

duff1781

shim-sham1797

shammy1822

Hodge-razor1843

pinchbeck1847

shice1859

cook-up1865

postiche1876

fakery1880

fake1883

bogosity1893

spuriosity1894

dud1897

cluck1904

rake-up1957

bodgie1988

a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iv. i. 37 One that feeds On Obiects, Arts, and Imitations .

1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 349 So is the imitation of an imitation much more hard and difficult.

1765 S. Johnson Pref. to Shakespear's Plays p. xxix Imitations produce pain or pleasure, not because they are mistaken for realities.

1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues II. 57 Those are not true philosophers..but only an imitation.

1876 H. N. Humphreys Coin Coll. Man. 405 Modern imitations of ancient coins.

3. Literature. ‘A method of translating looser than paraphrase, in which modern examples and illustrations are used for ancient, or domestick for foreign’ (Johnson); a composition of this nature.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > translation > [noun] > loose

imitation1656

1656 A. Cowley Praise of Pindar in Pindaric Odes In imitation of Horace his second Ode, B. 4.

a1721 Prior (title) The Lady's Looking-Glass. In imitation of a Greek Idyllium.

1734 I. Watts Hebr. Poet in Reliquiæ Juveniles The Difficulty of a just Translation of the Psalms of David..an Apology for the Imitation of them in Christian Language.

1870 Christie in Dryden's Wks. (Globe) 488 Dryden's imitations, or, as he himself calls them, translations of Chaucer and Boccacio, were made in 1698 and 1699.

4. Music. The repetition of a phrase or melody, usually at a different pitch, in another part or voice, either with the same intervals, rhythm, motion, etc. ( exact imitation), or with these more or less modified ( free imitation: see also augmentation n., diminution n., inversion n.).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > harmony or sounds in combination > [noun] > movement of parts > specific

report1502

augmentationc1570

diminution1597

consecution1655

inversion1664

imitation1728

sequence1737

oblique motion1786

Rosalia1786

triple progression1786

parallel motion1864

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Imitation, in Music, is where one Party imitates the singing of another either throughout the whole Piece, which is one of the Kinds of Canon, or only during some Measures, which is a simple Imitation.

1880 Ouseley in G. Grove Dict. Music I. 765 If the imitation is absolutely exact as to intervals it becomes a Canon..Imitation may take place at any interval or at any distance.

1880 Ouseley in G. Grove Dict. Music I. 569 A specimen of simple imitation at the octave..; from such a small germ as this..the..modern fugue has been gradually developed.

5. attributive. Made (of less costly material) in imitation of a real or genuine article or substance.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > simulation > [adjective] > artificial or made in imitation of what is real

artificialc1425

unnatural1610

mimical1624

mimic1625

faux1684

mimetic1756

sham1762

imitative1839

imitation1840

mocked-up1919

synthetic1930

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > forgery, falsification > [adjective] > of materials, metals, etc.

falsec1000

counterfeitc1449

copper1609

chemic1635

sham1699

shoful1835

imitation1840

lathen1843

simulated1942

1840 H. Reeve tr. A. de Tocqueville Democracy in Amer. III. i. xi. 100 Imitation-diamonds are now made which may be easily mistaken for real ones.

1858 W. Greener Gunnery in 1858 241 The fitting-up of an imitation gun for the African market..with an imitation musket for the same.

1871 Post Office Directory Leather Trades 66 (heading) Imitation leather makers... Kid leather dressers... Kid reviver makers.

1895 Oracle Encycl. II. 125/1 Imitation tortoise~shell combs.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXVIII. 611/1 This is a very different thing from the imitation diamond so common in shop windows. Here the chemist has only succeeded in making a paste or glass..wanting the hardness and ‘fire’ of the real stone.

1904 G. F. Goodchild & C. F. Tweney Technol. & Sci. Dict. 303/1 Imitation parchment, ordinary paper passed through a bath of sulphuric acid, which has the peculiar effect of ‘toughening’ the fibres.

1904 Westm. Gaz. 6 Oct. 4/2 Contempt of imitation jewels, imitation furs, imitation lace.

1904 Westm. Gaz. 6 Oct. 4/2 A lovely coat of..imitation sealskin.

1916 E. Pound Lustra 53 The small child in the soiled-white imitation fur coat.

1929 D. H. Lawrence Pansies 124 Will the Proustian lot go next? And then our English imitation intelligentsia?

1937 E. J. Labarre Dict. Paper 159/1 Imitation art paper is a highly finished printing [paper] prepared by the addition of a heavy percentage of china clay to the pulp and a water-finish.

1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 552/1 Mock leno, a fabric in which openwork effect is produced by a grouping of threads, which, however, do not cross, as they do in leno and gauze fabrics. Also called imitation gauze.

1954 Paper Terminol. (Spalding & Hodge) 32 Imitation kraft, a quality of wrapping paper made from unbleached sulphite, mechanical pulp and waste papers and coloured brown to give the appearance of Kraft.

1957 Encycl. Brit. IV. 775/2 Imitation gauze weaves..are.. largely utilized in the production of..embroidery cloths.

1957 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 850 A/2 The first feasible imitation leathers were based on patents issued in the United Kingdom in 1851.

1957 Encycl. Brit. XIX. 635/1 Imitation rum is produced by flavouring a neutral spirit..with high-ester Jamaican rum or with artificial essences.

1963 R. R. A. Higham Handbk. Papermaking 282 Imitation art, paper which is highly finished by the action of super-calendering and water finishing and which contains a high percentage of china clay in the furnish.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	imitation
释义	imitationn. /ɪmɪˈteɪʃən/ Forms: Also 1500s ymytacion, imytacion. Etymology: < Latin imitātiōn-em, noun of action from imitārī to imitate v.: perhaps through French imitation. 1. a. The action or practice of imitating or copying. †arts of imitation = imitative arts. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [noun] imitation?1504 mimesisa1586 imitating1591 mocking1611 mockage1615 samplinga1638 exemplification1650 facsimilea1661 mimature1663 mimicry1688 copying1712 mimic1832 patterning1845 simulation1870 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > [noun] arts of imitation1638 design1638 art1668 fine arts1686 imitative arts1753 designation1796 fine art1804 beaux arts1821 visual art1857 machine art1945 picturedom1945 ?1504 W. Atkinson tr. Thomas à Kempis Ful Treat. Imytacyon Cryste (Pynson) (title) A full deuoute & gosteley treatyse of y^e Imytacion & folowynge y^e blessyd lyfe of our most mercifull sauiour cryst. 1520 R. Whittington Uulgaria sig. A.iv^v Many fresshe Wyttes by that blynde imitacyon be deceyued. 1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 150 Concerning the manifold use of these Arts of imitation. 1727 D. Defoe Syst. Magick i. i. 7 Adam's Posterity..learnt to speak more immediately from him and Eve their mother by meere imitation of Sounds. 1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. v. 45 An example for imitation. 1820 C. Colton Lacon §ccxvii. 113 Imitation is the sincerest of flattery. 1876 J. B. Mozley Serm. preached Univ. of Oxf. ii. 26 Imitation, as well as nature, is the source of particular virtues. b. Phrase: in imitation of (cf. French à l'imitation de). Also †after the imitation of, according to the imitation of, out of an imitation of; †in his imitation (cf. French à son imitation). ΚΠ 1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 3 They learned it not of the Arabians..neither dyd they it after the imitation of the Missians. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. xxi. 58 According to the imitation of the auncient Græcians and Romaines. 1592 A. Day Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) i. sig. E1^v In imitation of the best and most learned iudgements of our time. 1594 R. Carew tr. J. Huarte Exam. Mens Wits x. 133 That which this notable man vsed to do..I am now also resolued to do in his imitation. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxix. 170 To see the late troubles in England, out of an imitation of the Low Countries. 1823 J. Rutter Delineations of Fonthill 25 Carved timber work, painted in imitation of old oak. c. Psychology. The adoption, whether conscious or not, during a learning process, of the behaviour or attitudes of some specific person or model. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > developmental psychology > acquisition of knowledge > types of learning > [noun] rote learning1842 trial and error1894 imitation1895 rehearsal1902 latent learning1929 e-learning1997 the mind > mental capacity > psychology > experimental psychology > conditioning > [noun] > involving model imitation1895 1807 W. Wordsworth Ode in Poems II. 153 The little Actor cons another part..As if his whole vocation Were endless imitation. View more context for this quotation] 1895 J. M. Baldwin Mental Devel. xii. 351 First..biological or organic imitation... Second: we pass to psychological, conscious, or cortical imitations. 1895 J. M. Baldwin Mental Devel. xii. 352 Plastic Imitation. This phrase is used to cover all cases of reaction or attitude, toward the doings, customs, opinions of others, which once represented more or less conscious adaptations..but which have become what is ordinarily called ‘secondary automatic’ and subconscious. 1899 H. C. Warren tr. J. G. Tarde Social Laws 42 Giving the word imitation the very wide meaning accorded to it..by Mr. Baldwin..one might regard imitation as the fundamental fact, not only of social and psychological life, but of organic life as well, where it would appear as the necessary condition of habit and heredity. 1903 E. C. Parsons tr. G. de Tarde Laws of Imitation p. xiv By imitation, I mean every impression of an inter-psychical photography..willed or not willed, passive or active. 1924 F. H. Allport Social Psychol. x. 239 Before the rise of a really critical science of behavior the term ‘imitation’ enjoyed wide repute in social theory... Our treatment of imitation must therefore be mainly negative. 1946 D. McCarthy in L. Carmichael Manual of Child Psychol. 497/1 An interesting controversy..on the problem of the relationship between imitation and comprehension of language. 1968 Internat. Encycl. Social Sci. VII. 96/1 Learning by vicarious experience has historically been referred to as ‘imitation’. 2. The result or product of imitating; a copy, an artificial likeness; a thing made to look like something else, which it is not; a counterfeit. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [noun] > an imitation resemblant1484 patterna1500 counterfeiture1548 counterfeit1587 idol1590 reduplication1592 copy1596 module1608 imitationa1616 mockage1615 echo1622 conduplicationa1631 transcript1646 ectype1647 mime1650 duplicating1659 mimicry1688 replication1692 shadow1693 reproduction1701 mimication?1715 repetition1774 replicate1821 autotype1829 replica1841 re-creation1915 retake1922 mock-up1957 reprise1961 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > forgery, falsification > [noun] > something false or forged falsehood1340 counterfeiture1548 forgery1574 bastard1581 man of straw1599 counterfeit1613 imitationa1616 mock1646 pasteboard1648 sophistication1664 imposture1699 fraud1725 sham1728 adulteration1756 falsity1780 duff1781 shim-sham1797 shammy1822 Hodge-razor1843 pinchbeck1847 shice1859 cook-up1865 postiche1876 fakery1880 fake1883 bogosity1893 spuriosity1894 dud1897 cluck1904 rake-up1957 bodgie1988 a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iv. i. 37 One that feeds On Obiects, Arts, and Imitations . View more context for this quotation 1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 349 So is the imitation of an imitation much more hard and difficult. 1765 S. Johnson Pref. to Shakespear's Plays p. xxix Imitations produce pain or pleasure, not because they are mistaken for realities. 1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues II. 57 Those are not true philosophers..but only an imitation. 1876 H. N. Humphreys Coin Coll. Man. 405 Modern imitations of ancient coins. 3. Literature. ‘A method of translating looser than paraphrase, in which modern examples and illustrations are used for ancient, or domestick for foreign’ (Johnson); a composition of this nature. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > translation > [noun] > loose imitation1656 1656 A. Cowley Praise of Pindar in Pindaric Odes In imitation of Horace his second Ode, B. 4. a1721 Prior (title) The Lady's Looking-Glass. In imitation of a Greek Idyllium. 1734 I. Watts Hebr. Poet in Reliquiæ Juveniles The Difficulty of a just Translation of the Psalms of David..an Apology for the Imitation of them in Christian Language. 1870 Christie in Dryden's Wks. (Globe) 488 Dryden's imitations, or, as he himself calls them, translations of Chaucer and Boccacio, were made in 1698 and 1699. 4. Music. The repetition of a phrase or melody, usually at a different pitch, in another part or voice, either with the same intervals, rhythm, motion, etc. ( exact imitation), or with these more or less modified ( free imitation: see also augmentation n., diminution n., inversion n.). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > harmony or sounds in combination > [noun] > movement of parts > specific report1502 augmentationc1570 diminution1597 consecution1655 inversion1664 imitation1728 sequence1737 oblique motion1786 Rosalia1786 triple progression1786 parallel motion1864 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Imitation, in Music, is where one Party imitates the singing of another either throughout the whole Piece, which is one of the Kinds of Canon, or only during some Measures, which is a simple Imitation. 1880 Ouseley in G. Grove Dict. Music I. 765 If the imitation is absolutely exact as to intervals it becomes a Canon..Imitation may take place at any interval or at any distance. 1880 Ouseley in G. Grove Dict. Music I. 569 A specimen of simple imitation at the octave..; from such a small germ as this..the..modern fugue has been gradually developed. 5. attributive. Made (of less costly material) in imitation of a real or genuine article or substance. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > simulation > [adjective] > artificial or made in imitation of what is real artificialc1425 unnatural1610 mimical1624 mimic1625 faux1684 mimetic1756 sham1762 imitative1839 imitation1840 mocked-up1919 synthetic1930 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > forgery, falsification > [adjective] > of materials, metals, etc. falsec1000 counterfeitc1449 copper1609 chemic1635 sham1699 shoful1835 imitation1840 lathen1843 simulated1942 1840 H. Reeve tr. A. de Tocqueville Democracy in Amer. III. i. xi. 100 Imitation-diamonds are now made which may be easily mistaken for real ones. 1858 W. Greener Gunnery in 1858 241 The fitting-up of an imitation gun for the African market..with an imitation musket for the same. 1871 Post Office Directory Leather Trades 66 (heading) Imitation leather makers... Kid leather dressers... Kid reviver makers. 1895 Oracle Encycl. II. 125/1 Imitation tortoise~shell combs. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXVIII. 611/1 This is a very different thing from the imitation diamond so common in shop windows. Here the chemist has only succeeded in making a paste or glass..wanting the hardness and ‘fire’ of the real stone. 1904 G. F. Goodchild & C. F. Tweney Technol. & Sci. Dict. 303/1 Imitation parchment, ordinary paper passed through a bath of sulphuric acid, which has the peculiar effect of ‘toughening’ the fibres. 1904 Westm. Gaz. 6 Oct. 4/2 Contempt of imitation jewels, imitation furs, imitation lace. 1904 Westm. Gaz. 6 Oct. 4/2 A lovely coat of..imitation sealskin. 1916 E. Pound Lustra 53 The small child in the soiled-white imitation fur coat. 1929 D. H. Lawrence Pansies 124 Will the Proustian lot go next? And then our English imitation intelligentsia? 1937 E. J. Labarre Dict. Paper 159/1 Imitation art paper is a highly finished printing [paper] prepared by the addition of a heavy percentage of china clay to the pulp and a water-finish. 1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 552/1 Mock leno, a fabric in which openwork effect is produced by a grouping of threads, which, however, do not cross, as they do in leno and gauze fabrics. Also called imitation gauze. 1954 Paper Terminol. (Spalding & Hodge) 32 Imitation kraft, a quality of wrapping paper made from unbleached sulphite, mechanical pulp and waste papers and coloured brown to give the appearance of Kraft. 1957 Encycl. Brit. IV. 775/2 Imitation gauze weaves..are.. largely utilized in the production of..embroidery cloths. 1957 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 850 A/2 The first feasible imitation leathers were based on patents issued in the United Kingdom in 1851. 1957 Encycl. Brit. XIX. 635/1 Imitation rum is produced by flavouring a neutral spirit..with high-ester Jamaican rum or with artificial essences. 1963 R. R. A. Higham Handbk. Papermaking 282 Imitation art, paper which is highly finished by the action of super-calendering and water finishing and which contains a high percentage of china clay in the furnish. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.?1504
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