improvisev.

Brit.

/ˈɪmprəvʌɪz/, U.S.

/ˈɪmprəˌvaɪz/

Forms: 1700s– improvise, 1800s– improvvise, 1800s– improvize (nonstandard).

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French improviser.

Etymology: < French improviser to compose and perform music, poetry, drama, etc., spontaneously or without preparation (1642), to invent, create, or make up (something) spontaneously (1824 in the passage translated in quot. 1825 at sense 2a, or earlier), to bring about or arrange (something) at short notice or on the spur of the moment (1828 in the source cited in quot. 1834 at sense 2a, or earlier) < Italian improvvisare , †improvisare to compose and perform music, poetry, drama, etc., spontaneously or without preparation (1547) < improvviso , †improviso improviso adj. Compare German improvisieren (1787 as †improvisiren ; < French). Compare earlier improvisation n.Specific forms. In form improvvise after Italian improvvisare. Historical stress variation. N.E.D. (1899) gives the pronunciation as (improvəi·z) /ɪmprəʊˈvaɪz/, with the main stress on the final syllable, probably influenced by improviso adj.; this stress variant appears to have fallen into disuse in British usage early in the 20th cent. (all editions of D. Jones Eng. Pronouncing Dict. give only first-syllable stress), but is still in use as a variant pronunciation in U.S. usage (for which it is recorded e.g. by Webster's Third New International Dict.). The now prevalent first-syllable stress appears to be first recorded by the British Encycl. Dict. (a1888).

a. intransitive. To compose and perform music, poetry, drama, etc., spontaneously or without preparation; to speak or perform extemporaneously.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > intention > unintentional or unplanned character > [verb (intransitive)] > act or do without planning

improvise1788

to go off1812

improvisatize1830

autoschediaze1852

wing1959

ad hoc1960

audible1970

society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > perform music [verb (intransitive)] > improvise or extemporize

extemporize1775

improvise1788

impromptu1802

fantasy1840

fake1895

ad-lib1910

busk1934

jam1935

noodle1937

society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > compose poetry [verb (intransitive)] > improvise

improvise1788

1788 tr. C. M. Dupaty Trav. Italy xxix. 89 They improvise [Fr. on improvise] frequently in singing, which is a great aid.

1839 London Q. Rev. Oct. 281/1 Three classes of orators..those who improvise, those who recite what they have learned by heart, and those who read what they have written.

1845 E. Holmes Life Mozart 22 He sang, played, and composed extempore, played and transposed at sight..improvised on a given bass.

1892 J. Earle Deeds of Beowulf 136 The minstrel did not merely narrate, but improvised in alliterative verse.

1903 L. von Cossel tr. K. Mantzius Hist. Theatr. Art II. 222 The actor who improvises, acts with more animation.

1949 Billboard 5 Nov. 23/2 The soloists may improvise over the band.

2013 Church Times 28 June 7/3 A Quebecoise contemporary dancer..improvised on stage to readings by Irish poet Pádraig ó Tuama.

2014 Basingstoke Gaz. (Nexis) 27 Aug. He has..the ability to improvise and roll with anything that's thrown his way, making his comedy sizzle with originality.

b. transitive. To compose and perform (music, poetry, drama, etc.) spontaneously or without preparation; to deliver (a speech) extemporaneously.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > compose (poetry) [verb (transitive)] > improvise

improvisoa1768

improvise1808

extemporize1818

to strike off1821

society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > perform (music) [verb (transitive)] > improvise

improvisoa1768

vamp1789

improvise1858

mess1926

busk1934

rhyme1939

jam1955

1808 Athenæum 1 Aug. 120 He sang, accompanying himself on the lyre or lute, with infinite grace of voice, countenance, and manner, improvising stanzas in ottava rima on whatever subject was proposed to him.

1858 J. Doran Hist. Court Fools 251 His happy facility of improvising rhymes.

1874 J. A. Symonds Sketches Italy & Greece (1898) I. vi. 115 The..funeral chant, improvised by women at funerals over the bodies of the dead.

1921 Bk. of Camp Fire Girls vi. 105 Learn five patriotic songs and improvise motions.

1929 Gettysburg (Pa.) Times 3 Oct. 3/2 The boys had considered him a genius because of the spontaneous manner with which he could improvise jazz.

1993 Indonesia 57 197 He improvised a fluent speech that aroused cheers and laughter from the audience.

2008 Westside News (Brisbane) (Nexis) 3 Dec. 23 I had to improvise comedy or characters on the spot.

a. transitive. To invent, create, or make up spontaneously or on the spur of the moment, esp. in response to circumstances, or as a result of necessity.Sometimes mildly depreciative.

ΚΠ

1825 tr. J. L. H. Campan Private Jrnl. 69 ‘It is to be regretted’, added he [sc. Napoleon], ‘that a sovereign cannot improvise [Fr. improviser] men of his stamp.’

1826 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey I. ii. i. 80 He possessed also the singular faculty of being able to improvise quotations.

1864 Harper's New Monthly Mag. June 96/2 Could I have improvised an excuse for my appearance there, my real errand would never have been revealed to him.

1890 Deseret Weekly (Salt Lake City, Utah Territory) 5 July 39/2 The instituting of such a labor merely to improvise employment for political partizans is an inexcusable piece of jobbery.

1925 Times 4 Nov. 12/2 A deplorably raffish-looking person, who proceeded to improvise his ‘criticisms’ over a very large whisky-and-soda.

1977 Hist. Teacher 10 578 I have allowed students to make decisions by whatever kind of committee method they can improvise.

2013 S. Hunter Third Bullet 321 But I felt I could control him and improvise a new plan.

b. transitive. To make or create from whatever is available.

ΚΠ

1834 tr. V. Jacquemont Lett. from India II. 179 The rajah's Brahminee cooks, who were on horseback, improvised [Fr. improvisèrent] a Rajpoot breakfast out of the produce of our sport.

1859 C. Dickens Let. 13 June (1997) IX. 77 A tent improvised this morning.

1875 ‘M. Twain’ Sketches New & Old 293 We improvised tables by propping up the backs of car-seats.

1937 N.Y. Herald Tribune 5 Sept. vii. 2/2 They..pulled out the seats, installed tables and chairs, improvised a kitchen and opened for business.

1955 Pop. Mech. Oct. 215/1 Improvise a clamp to apply pressure until the cement hardens.

2012 Pittsburgh Tribune Rev. (Nexis) 10 Jan. This is the type of meal that you can improvise when you haven't been to the supermarket.

c. transitive. To bring about or arrange at short notice or on the spur of the moment.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > intention > unintentional or unplanned character > [verb (transitive)] > do without planning

extempore1771

improvisate1831

improvise1843

1843 Ladies' Compan. (N.Y.) Sept. 243/1 Every evening they gathered somewhere, not by stupid, formal invitation, but improvising a party, by dropping in, one after another.

a1854 E. Forbes Lit. Papers (1855) viii. 206 If a number of both sexes happen to assemble at the same house a dance is improvised.

1876 F. Marryat Her Father's Name II. v. 121 They had even improvised a party for his especial benefit.

1913 H. Stokes Prince of Pleasure iii. 74 After the meal they improvised a ball.

1941 Rattle of Theta Chi Oct. 36/2 (advt.) Gone are the butterfly days—when it was possible to improvise a party.

2009 Cuba DK Eyewitness Travel (new ed.) 16/2 There is no single designated venue for dancing in Cuba, and any excuse is good enough to improvise a party.

d. intransitive. To do something on an impromptu basis or without preparation; to make do with whatever is available.

ΚΠ

1938 T. J. Hayes Elem. Ordnance xvi. 617 The Allies were forced to improvise until the several required types [of grenade] could be developed.

1961 Guardian 27 Dec. 11/6 Llanelly [rugby team] later were forced to improvise and experiment in their efforts to find a way through a close-packed defence.

2003 K. Slater & J. Borte Pipe Dreams (2004) iv. 72 We can go weeks on end without seeing a surfable wave, so we need to improvise. My best friend..had a boat, and we used to..tow each other on our surfboards.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	improvise
释义	improvisen. Brit. /ˈɪmprəvʌɪz/, U.S. /ˈɪmprəˌvaɪz/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion; perhaps modelled on an Italian lexical item. Etymon: improvise v. Etymology: < improvise v., perhaps after Italian improvviso improvised composition in verse or music (a1494; use as noun of improvviso improviso adj.). Compare earlier improvisation n. N.E.D. (1899) gives the stress on the third syllable: see discussion at improvise v. rare. An improvisation; an improvised composition or one having the characteristics of an improvisation. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poem or piece of poetry > other types of poem > [noun] > improvised poem extempore1610 impromptu1683 improvise1820 improvisation1824 1820 M. W. Shelley Jrnl. 20 Dec. in E. Dowden Life P. B. Shelley (1887) II. 360 Go to the theatre and hear the Improvise of Sgricci. 1822 P. B. Shelley Hellas Pref. p. vii The poem..is a mere improvise. 1901 W. M. Rossetti in tr. G. P. G. Rossetti Versified Autobiogr. App. 173 I give here six specimens of my father's powers as a poet. Setting aside San Paolo in Malta, which is only an improvise, it may be said that in all these instances the verses rank among his choice things. 2000 K. Everest in P. B. Shelley Poems (2014) II. 364 These almost unpunctuated lines..are apparently an improvise in rhyming. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). improvisev. Brit. /ˈɪmprəvʌɪz/, U.S. /ˈɪmprəˌvaɪz/ Forms: 1700s– improvise, 1800s– improvvise, 1800s– improvize (nonstandard). Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French improviser. Etymology: < French improviser to compose and perform music, poetry, drama, etc., spontaneously or without preparation (1642), to invent, create, or make up (something) spontaneously (1824 in the passage translated in quot. 1825 at sense 2a, or earlier), to bring about or arrange (something) at short notice or on the spur of the moment (1828 in the source cited in quot. 1834 at sense 2a, or earlier) < Italian improvvisare , †improvisare to compose and perform music, poetry, drama, etc., spontaneously or without preparation (1547) < improvviso , †improviso improviso adj. Compare German improvisieren (1787 as †improvisiren ; < French). Compare earlier improvisation n.Specific forms. In form improvvise after Italian improvvisare. Historical stress variation. N.E.D. (1899) gives the pronunciation as (improvəi·z) /ɪmprəʊˈvaɪz/, with the main stress on the final syllable, probably influenced by improviso adj.; this stress variant appears to have fallen into disuse in British usage early in the 20th cent. (all editions of D. Jones Eng. Pronouncing Dict. give only first-syllable stress), but is still in use as a variant pronunciation in U.S. usage (for which it is recorded e.g. by Webster's Third New International Dict.). The now prevalent first-syllable stress appears to be first recorded by the British Encycl. Dict. (a1888). 1. a. intransitive. To compose and perform music, poetry, drama, etc., spontaneously or without preparation; to speak or perform extemporaneously. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > unintentional or unplanned character > [verb (intransitive)] > act or do without planning improvise1788 to go off1812 improvisatize1830 autoschediaze1852 wing1959 ad hoc1960 audible1970 society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > perform music [verb (intransitive)] > improvise or extemporize extemporize1775 improvise1788 impromptu1802 fantasy1840 fake1895 ad-lib1910 busk1934 jam1935 noodle1937 society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > compose poetry [verb (intransitive)] > improvise improvise1788 1788 tr. C. M. Dupaty Trav. Italy xxix. 89 They improvise [Fr. on improvise] frequently in singing, which is a great aid. 1839 London Q. Rev. Oct. 281/1 Three classes of orators..those who improvise, those who recite what they have learned by heart, and those who read what they have written. 1845 E. Holmes Life Mozart 22 He sang, played, and composed extempore, played and transposed at sight..improvised on a given bass. 1892 J. Earle Deeds of Beowulf 136 The minstrel did not merely narrate, but improvised in alliterative verse. 1903 L. von Cossel tr. K. Mantzius Hist. Theatr. Art II. 222 The actor who improvises, acts with more animation. 1949 Billboard 5 Nov. 23/2 The soloists may improvise over the band. 2013 Church Times 28 June 7/3 A Quebecoise contemporary dancer..improvised on stage to readings by Irish poet Pádraig ó Tuama. 2014 Basingstoke Gaz. (Nexis) 27 Aug. He has..the ability to improvise and roll with anything that's thrown his way, making his comedy sizzle with originality. b. transitive. To compose and perform (music, poetry, drama, etc.) spontaneously or without preparation; to deliver (a speech) extemporaneously. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > compose (poetry) [verb (transitive)] > improvise improvisoa1768 improvise1808 extemporize1818 to strike off1821 society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > perform (music) [verb (transitive)] > improvise improvisoa1768 vamp1789 improvise1858 mess1926 busk1934 rhyme1939 jam1955 1808 Athenæum 1 Aug. 120 He sang, accompanying himself on the lyre or lute, with infinite grace of voice, countenance, and manner, improvising stanzas in ottava rima on whatever subject was proposed to him. 1858 J. Doran Hist. Court Fools 251 His happy facility of improvising rhymes. 1874 J. A. Symonds Sketches Italy & Greece (1898) I. vi. 115 The..funeral chant, improvised by women at funerals over the bodies of the dead. 1921 Bk. of Camp Fire Girls vi. 105 Learn five patriotic songs and improvise motions. 1929 Gettysburg (Pa.) Times 3 Oct. 3/2 The boys had considered him a genius because of the spontaneous manner with which he could improvise jazz. 1993 Indonesia 57 197 He improvised a fluent speech that aroused cheers and laughter from the audience. 2008 Westside News (Brisbane) (Nexis) 3 Dec. 23 I had to improvise comedy or characters on the spot. 2. a. transitive. To invent, create, or make up spontaneously or on the spur of the moment, esp. in response to circumstances, or as a result of necessity.Sometimes mildly depreciative. ΚΠ 1825 tr. J. L. H. Campan Private Jrnl. 69 ‘It is to be regretted’, added he [sc. Napoleon], ‘that a sovereign cannot improvise [Fr. improviser] men of his stamp.’ 1826 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey I. ii. i. 80 He possessed also the singular faculty of being able to improvise quotations. 1864 Harper's New Monthly Mag. June 96/2 Could I have improvised an excuse for my appearance there, my real errand would never have been revealed to him. 1890 Deseret Weekly (Salt Lake City, Utah Territory) 5 July 39/2 The instituting of such a labor merely to improvise employment for political partizans is an inexcusable piece of jobbery. 1925 Times 4 Nov. 12/2 A deplorably raffish-looking person, who proceeded to improvise his ‘criticisms’ over a very large whisky-and-soda. 1977 Hist. Teacher 10 578 I have allowed students to make decisions by whatever kind of committee method they can improvise. 2013 S. Hunter Third Bullet 321 But I felt I could control him and improvise a new plan. b. transitive. To make or create from whatever is available. ΚΠ 1834 tr. V. Jacquemont Lett. from India II. 179 The rajah's Brahminee cooks, who were on horseback, improvised [Fr. improvisèrent] a Rajpoot breakfast out of the produce of our sport. 1859 C. Dickens Let. 13 June (1997) IX. 77 A tent improvised this morning. 1875 ‘M. Twain’ Sketches New & Old 293 We improvised tables by propping up the backs of car-seats. 1937 N.Y. Herald Tribune 5 Sept. vii. 2/2 They..pulled out the seats, installed tables and chairs, improvised a kitchen and opened for business. 1955 Pop. Mech. Oct. 215/1 Improvise a clamp to apply pressure until the cement hardens. 2012 Pittsburgh Tribune Rev. (Nexis) 10 Jan. This is the type of meal that you can improvise when you haven't been to the supermarket. c. transitive. To bring about or arrange at short notice or on the spur of the moment. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > unintentional or unplanned character > [verb (transitive)] > do without planning extempore1771 improvisate1831 improvise1843 1843 Ladies' Compan. (N.Y.) Sept. 243/1 Every evening they gathered somewhere, not by stupid, formal invitation, but improvising a party, by dropping in, one after another. a1854 E. Forbes Lit. Papers (1855) viii. 206 If a number of both sexes happen to assemble at the same house a dance is improvised. 1876 F. Marryat Her Father's Name II. v. 121 They had even improvised a party for his especial benefit. 1913 H. Stokes Prince of Pleasure iii. 74 After the meal they improvised a ball. 1941 Rattle of Theta Chi Oct. 36/2 (advt.) Gone are the butterfly days—when it was possible to improvise a party. 2009 Cuba DK Eyewitness Travel (new ed.) 16/2 There is no single designated venue for dancing in Cuba, and any excuse is good enough to improvise a party. d. intransitive. To do something on an impromptu basis or without preparation; to make do with whatever is available. ΚΠ 1938 T. J. Hayes Elem. Ordnance xvi. 617 The Allies were forced to improvise until the several required types [of grenade] could be developed. 1961 Guardian 27 Dec. 11/6 Llanelly [rugby team] later were forced to improvise and experiment in their efforts to find a way through a close-packed defence. 2003 K. Slater & J. Borte Pipe Dreams (2004) iv. 72 We can go weeks on end without seeing a surfable wave, so we need to improvise. My best friend..had a boat, and we used to..tow each other on our surfboards. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1820v.1788
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improvisen.

improvisev.