单词 | abduction |
释义 | abductionn.ΚΠ 1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Abduction, a leading away. 1654 W. Charleton Physiologia Epicuro-Gassendo-Charltoniana iii. xvi. 398 The Abduction of a piece of Iron from the Earth by a Loadstone. 1656 W. Charleton tr. Epicurus's Morals x. sig. H2v The abduction of the mind from more worthy and advantageous speculations. 1842 ‘J. Cypress, Jr.’ Sporting Scenes I. vii. 91 I am accused of making an irreverend abduction from the discourses of a most exemplary fisherman. 1873 Times Sept. 9 Increased abduction of the stream by the water companies. 2. a. The action of taking someone away by force or deception, or without the consent of his or her legal guardian; kidnapping. Also: an instance of this; a kidnap.The legal definition of abduction has varied over time and between legal systems. It was formerly applied esp. to the taking away of a young, unmarried woman, and is now chiefly applied to the illegal removal of a child from its parents or guardians. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > kidnapping or abduction > [noun] rape1436 abreption1550 man-stealing1577 plagium1577 raptc1614 abduction1632 man-stealth1663 plagiary1673 kidnapping1682 enlevement1769 plagiat1809 body-snatching1840 kidnappery1890 snatching1931 shanghaiing1985 1632 T. E. Lawes Womens Rights v. xxxix. 402 This exemption of Clergie was leuelled onely against Burglaries, and felonious rapes by violence,..leauing vnto couetous rauishers by abduction. 1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. iv. xv. §9. 218 The other offence, that of kidnapping, being the forcible abduction or stealing away of a man, woman, or child from their own country, and sending them into another, was capital by the Jewish law. 1774 J. Maclaurin Arguments & Decisions Remarkable Cases 134 He is there treating of a rape or abduction committed libidinis causa on which no violation took place. 1833 Penny Cycl. I. 19/1 The forcible abduction and marriage of women is a felony. 1874 B. V. Abbott & A. Abbott Digest N.Y. Statutes & Rep. (new ed.) I. 11/2 An abduction in order that she may live and cohabit with defendant alone, is not within the statute. 1901 N. Chamberlain Let. 26 Aug. in Liberal Mag. Sept. 464 Never before has anything approaching to such wholesale and reckless destruction or abduction of families been enacted by a British army. 1948 R. A. Schermerhorn in H. Becker & R. Hill Family, Marriage, & Parenthood iv. 106 Teutonic tribes thought of abduction and betrothal as practically synonymous. 2003 Independent 14 Mar. 13/1 The case began as a startling abduction: a 14-year-old girl, seized at gunpoint from her bedroom last summer. b. spec. A reported paranormal experience in which a person claims to have been surreptitiously abducted by extraterrestrial beings; this alleged phenomenon. Frequently in alien abduction, UFO abduction. Cf. abduct v. 2c, abductee n. 2. ΚΠ 1965 Bennington (Vermont) Banner 26 Oct. 2/5 The Boston Traveler said Monday a New Hampshire couple told under clinical hypnosis of a night of terror and abduction by occupants of a space ship from another planet. 1967 Time 4 Aug. 40/2 Barney and Betty Hill..whose ‘abduction’ by saucermen during an auto trip was described in the fast-selling book. 1988 New Scientist 10 Mar. 70/1 UFO abductions.., in which witnesses claim to have been taken aboard a flying saucer, subjected invariably to a humiliating physical examination, and then released, remain mostly an American phenomenon. 1995 Fortean Times June 47/1 Albert Budden showed slides of ærials and told us that alien abduction experiences were an allergic reaction to electronic smog. 2009 K. Hudnall Occult Connection xv. 183 On board the craft, Christa..met a human-appearing figure she came to know as the doctor. This entity, the doctor, figures greatly in the events that have happened since her first abduction. 3. a. Logic. A syllogism of which the major premise is certain and the minor only probable, so that the conclusion has only the probability of the minor. Cf. apagoge n. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > [noun] > abduction abduction1656 apagoge1728 1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. vi. 46 There are six other formes of argument, Conversion of Termes, Induction, Example, abduction, Instance, Enthymem. All these have their efficacy from the power of Syllogisme, and are reducible to Syllogisme. 1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Abduction is an Argument which leads from the conclusion to the demonstrations of the hidden and not signified Proposition. 1766 W. Scott Dict. Arts & Sci. Abduction, in logic a form of reasoning called by the Greeks apagoge, in which the greater extreme is evidently contained in the medium, but the medium not so evidently in the lesser extreme. a1871 G. Grote Aristotle (1872) I. vi. 290 After adverting to another variety of ratiocinative procedure, which he calls Apagoge or Abduction..Aristotle goes on to treat of Objection generally. 2001 M. Gumpert Grafting Helen i. 23 This kind of metaphorical syllogism has a technical name: it is an abduction. b. Chiefly Philosophy. Originally in the writings of C. S. Peirce (U.S. philosopher and logician, 1839–1914): the formation or adoption of a plausible but unproven explanation for an observed phenomenon; a working hypothesis derived from limited evidence and informed conjecture. Also called retroduction n. 3 and inference to the best explanation.Pierce viewed abduction as the first phase of scientific reasoning and methodology. Abduction is followed by deduction (deduction n. 6) to determine what specific evidence would prove such a hypothesis, then induction (induction n. 7) to extrapolate a general principle from specific findings. ΚΠ c1901 C. S. Peirce Coll. Papers (1958) VII. ii. iii. 122 A hypothesis..has to be adopted which is likely in itself, and renders the facts likely. This step of adopting a hypothesis as being suggested by the facts, is what I call abduction. 1960 J. K. Feibleman Introd. to Peirce's Philos. iii. 122 If we enter a room containing a number of bags of beans and a table upon which there is a handful of white beans, and if, after some searching, we open a bag which contains white beans, we may infer as a probability, or fair guess, that the handful was taken from this bag. This sort of inference is called making an hypothesis or abduction. 1984 Times Lit. Suppl. 2 Nov. 1257/3 All science functions either by conjecture or by abduction. 2006 W. Ramroth Project Managem. for Design Professionals 68 Most decisions must be made with incomplete information, and abduction is the only inference tool that works when the information is incomplete. 4. Anatomy and Zoology. The action of moving a part of the body away from the median plane or midline or away from another part; the condition of being abducted (abducted adj. 2); an instance of this. Contrasted with adduction n.1 2. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > muscle > [noun] > muscular movement porrection1649 abduction1657 cringing1728 antagonism1744 peristalsis1847 musculation1853 fibrillation1882 jerk1895 protraction1899 flexing1902 stretch reflex1916 fasciculation1938 sliding filament1957 1657 N. Culpeper & W. Rand tr. J. Riolan Sure Guide v. xxviii. 228 The Fingers are moved sidewaies, which motion is commonly termed adduction and Abduction [L. quod vulgo adduci & abduci nominant]. 1666 J. Smith Γηροκομία Βασιλικὴ 62 If we consider how they [the muscles] can stir the limb inward and outward, they can perform adduction, abduction. 1712 Philos. Trans. 1710–12 (Royal Soc.) 27 129 The motion of the Humerus..is rather Flexion and Extension, than Adduction or Abduction. 1792 A. Monro Innes's Short Descr. Human Muscles (rev. ed.) xxx. 155 Tensor vaginæ femoris [muscle]... Use... To assist in the abduction of the thigh, and somewhat in its rotation outwards. 1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 156/1 Those motions of inclination of the foot known under the names of adduction and abduction..take place in the joints of the tarsus. 1883 Lancet 13 Oct. 635/1 The leg has very fair movement of abduction and adduction, and flexion and extension. 1949 H. Bailey Demonstr. Physical Signs Clin. Surg. (ed. 11) xiv. 162 Fractures of the shaft of the humerus are best tested for by gentle abduction of the arm. 1999 Cricketer Mar. 43/3 The arm abduction in delivery ‘makes the arm appear to be straightening, when in fact it is only an abduction, making the plane on which the bend exists in line with the back-camera view’. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders of bones > [noun] > fractures brucheOE fissurec1400 fracture?1541 compound fracture1543 fraction1587 attrition1634 effracture1634 flap-fracture1658 complicated fracture1745 abduction1753 star fracture1840 stress fracture1911 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) This Abduction is the same with what Greek writers call ἄπαγμα or ἀπόκλασμα..some Latin writers call it abruptio. 6. Theft or confiscation of a person's property; seizure without consent. Now historical and rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > [noun] theft688 stalec950 stealc1200 stoutha1300 stealing13.. stealtha1325 lifting1362 briberya1387 stoutheriec1440 larcenya1475 larcerya1500 conveyancea1529 thieving1530 bribing1533 larcinc1535 embezzling1540 embezzlement1548 thiefdom?1549 theftdom1566 bribering1567 milling1567 thievery1568 larcinry1634 panyarring1703 abduction1766 smugging1825 pickup1846 lurking1851 make1860 tea-leafing1899 snitching1933 lapping1950 1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. xxv. 390 The stealing, or forcible abduction, of such property as this, is also felony. 1771 W. Eden Princ. Penal Law xxiii. 255 Burglary may be committed without any abduction of the property of others. 1833 Lady Morgan Manor Sackville ii. in Dramatic Scenes I. 99 Galbraith perceives Bijou's abduction of his wig, and flies to the rescue. 1892 North-China Herald 24 June 858/3 I was in hopes..to prevent the abduction of the valuable property as well as the public treasure. 1908 Daily Student (Indiana Univ.) 20 Feb. The administration has done all that it could to prevent the wholesale abduction of the personal property of the students. 2013 L. Johnson in C. Beattie & M. F. Stevens Married Women & Law in Premodern N.W. Europe iv. 75 Out of twenty-two cases of abduction of married women..between 1294 and 1422, fourteen of them also involved the abduction of property. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < |
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