† i-swinchn.

Forms:

α. early Old English gesuinc, early Old English gesuinci- (inflected form, before back vowel), Old English geswinc, Old English geswince- (inflected form, before back vowel, rare), Old English geswync, early Middle English geswinch, early Middle English ȝeswinc, early Middle English ȝeswinch, early Middle English ȝeswynch, early Middle English iswinch, early Middle English yswinch.

β. late Old English geswink, early Middle English ȝeswink, early Middle English iswinc, early Middle English iswinck, early Middle English iswink, early Middle English iswynk.

Origin: Apparently a word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Apparently ultimately < the Germanic base of y- prefix + the Germanic base of swink v., despite the lack of Germanic parallels; compare (from an ablaut variant of the same verbal base) swench n. Compare also swink n. and swing n.¹In Old English there is regular palatalization and assibilation of the stem-final consonant, although this is not usually reflected in the spelling (compare, however, forms such as occasional dative plural geswinceum ). (Early Middle English ȝeswinc still reflects Old English spelling practice.) The presence of velar /k/ in the β. forms probably results partly from analogical levelling within the paradigm in Old English (from forms where assibilation may not have taken place before a back vowel), and partly from the influence of forms of swink v.

Obsolete.

Toil, labour. Also: trouble, affliction.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [noun] > labour or toil

workeOE

i-swincheOE

swenchOE

swote971

swingc1000

swinkOE

swinkinga1225

travailc1275

cark1330

sweatc1380

the sweat of (one's) brow (brows), facec1380

laboura1382

swengc1400

labouragec1470

toil1495

laborationa1500

tug1504

urea1510

carp1548

turmoil1569

moil1612

praelabour1663

fatigue1669

insudation1669

till?a1800

Kaffir work1848

graft1853

workfulness1854

collar-work1871

yakka1888

swot1899

heavy lifting1934

eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) xvi. 97 Ac sie se lareow eallum monnum se niehsta & eallum monnum efnðrowiende on hira gesuincum.

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) i. 184 Adam þa wæs wuniende on þisum life mid geswince.

lOE tr. R. d'Escures Sermo in Festis Sancte Marie Virginis in R. D.-N. Warner Early Eng. Homilies (1917) 137 Martha bemænde to þan Hælende, þæt heo næfde fultum of hire suster to þan lichamlicen geswynce.

a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 129 Her heo leueden..on pine and on unimete iswinche.

?c1250 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Egerton) l. 316 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 179 We..leggeð al ure iswinch on þinge un-stede-faste.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	i-swinch
释义	† i-swinchn. Forms: α. early Old English gesuinc, early Old English gesuinci- (inflected form, before back vowel), Old English geswinc, Old English geswince- (inflected form, before back vowel, rare), Old English geswync, early Middle English geswinch, early Middle English ȝeswinc, early Middle English ȝeswinch, early Middle English ȝeswynch, early Middle English iswinch, early Middle English yswinch. β. late Old English geswink, early Middle English ȝeswink, early Middle English iswinc, early Middle English iswinck, early Middle English iswink, early Middle English iswynk. Origin: Apparently a word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Apparently ultimately < the Germanic base of y- prefix + the Germanic base of swink v., despite the lack of Germanic parallels; compare (from an ablaut variant of the same verbal base) swench n. Compare also swink n. and swing n.¹In Old English there is regular palatalization and assibilation of the stem-final consonant, although this is not usually reflected in the spelling (compare, however, forms such as occasional dative plural geswinceum ). (Early Middle English ȝeswinc still reflects Old English spelling practice.) The presence of velar /k/ in the β. forms probably results partly from analogical levelling within the paradigm in Old English (from forms where assibilation may not have taken place before a back vowel), and partly from the influence of forms of swink v. Obsolete. Toil, labour. Also: trouble, affliction. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [noun] > labour or toil workeOE i-swincheOE swenchOE swote971 swingc1000 swinkOE swinkinga1225 travailc1275 cark1330 sweatc1380 the sweat of (one's) brow (brows), facec1380 laboura1382 swengc1400 labouragec1470 toil1495 laborationa1500 tug1504 urea1510 carp1548 turmoil1569 moil1612 praelabour1663 fatigue1669 insudation1669 till?a1800 Kaffir work1848 graft1853 workfulness1854 collar-work1871 yakka1888 swot1899 heavy lifting1934 eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) xvi. 97 Ac sie se lareow eallum monnum se niehsta & eallum monnum efnðrowiende on hira gesuincum. OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) i. 184 Adam þa wæs wuniende on þisum life mid geswince. lOE tr. R. d'Escures Sermo in Festis Sancte Marie Virginis in R. D.-N. Warner Early Eng. Homilies (1917) 137 Martha bemænde to þan Hælende, þæt heo næfde fultum of hire suster to þan lichamlicen geswynce. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 129 Her heo leueden..on pine and on unimete iswinche. ?c1250 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Egerton) l. 316 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 179 We..leggeð al ure iswinch on þinge un-stede-faste. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.eOE
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