ideologyn.

Brit.

/ˌʌɪdɪˈɒlədʒi/,

/ˌɪdɪˈɒlədʒi/, U.S.

/ˌɪdiˈɑlədʒi/,

/ˌaɪdiˈɑlədʒi/

Forms: 1700s– ideology, 1800s– idealogie, 1800s– idealogy, 1800s– ideologie, 1800s– idiologie, 1800s– idiology.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; largely modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: ideo- comb. form, -logy comb. form.

Etymology: < ideo- comb. form + -logy comb. form, largely after French idéologie (1796 in sense 1a(a), c1800 in sense 2 (apparently first used in this sense by Napoleon), 1842 in sense 4; sense 1b appears to be unparalleled in French; sense 3 is not recorded in dictionaries of the language, and the French original of quot. 1835 at this sense has not been traced). Compare Spanish ideología (a1808), Italian ideologia (1804), German Ideologie (c1800), all earliest in sense 1a(a), all < French.On the variation in form see note at ideo- comb. form.

a. (a) The study of ideas; that branch of philosophy or psychology which deals with the origin and nature of ideas. (b) spec. The system introduced by the French philosopher Étienne Condillac (1715–80), according to which all ideas are derived from sensations.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of ideas > [noun]

ideology1796

conceptualism1819

analytic psychologya1854

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > [noun] > science of

ideology1796

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > idealism > [noun] > ideology

ideology1796

1796 Monthly Rev. 20 App. 569 [Destutt de] Tracy read a paper [at the National Institute of France]..and proposed to call the philosophy of mind, ideology.

1830 W. Hamilton in Edinb. Rev. Oct. 182 Ideologie (for Idealogie)..has in France become the name peculiarly distinctive of that philosophy of mind which exclusively derives our knowledge from the sensation.

1852 H. Rogers Ess. I. vii. 377 The word ‘ideas’..enters appropriately corrupted in the term ideology, as a name for a system of purely sensational philosophy.

1882 T. Davidson tr. A. Rosmini Philos. Syst. §10. 22 Ideology undertakes to investigate the nature of human knowledge.

1943 Ethics 53 266 Cabanis' physiology and Destutt de Tracy's ideology were but developments of the sensationism of Locke, Condillac, and Helvétius.

1975 F. C. Copleston Hist. Philos. IX. ii. 21 When laying down the fundamental notions of ideology de Tracy turned from the reductive analysis of Condillac to immediate self-observation.

2007 H. McDonald tr. P. Jaroszyński Sci. in Culture vi. xvii. 179 Ideology is a system of thought that studies our powers of perception and the origin of ideas within us.

b. The study of the way in which ideas are expressed in language (see quot. 1826). Now historical.

ΚΠ

1826 P. Du Ponceau in Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. (1830) 3 75 Ideology, or the comparative study of the grammatical forms and idiomatic constructions of languages, by which we are taught to analyze and distinguish the different shapes in which ideas combine themselves in order to fix perceptions in our minds, and transmit them to those of others.

1879 Trans. Amer. Philol. Assoc. 10 5 There is a distinct place for a Science of Ideology, as underlying and controlling the higher aspects of Etymology.

1886 Proc. Philol. Soc. 4 June p. xliii Valuable evidence..could be derived from comparative ideology, a branch of the science of language that hitherto had been much neglected.

1990 J. T. Andresen Linguistics in Amer, 1769–1924 (1995) ii. 104 The third division, ‘Ideology’, belongs within a structural, ahistorical framework and not within the diachronic and evolutionist framework that was to emerge with Humboldt.

2. Abstract speculation; impractical or visionary theorizing. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > speculation > [noun]

speculative1412

speculationa1450

theory1668

project1727

ideology1813

ideologizing1861

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > fancy or fantastic notion > [noun] > indulgence in

imaginationa1393

dreaminga1400

fantasying1552

fantasy1553

fancy1581

think-so1666

ideology1813

fantasticating1880

fantastication-

1813 J. Adams Let. 13 July in Adams–Jefferson Lett. (1988) x. 355 Napoleon has lately invented a Word, which perfectly expressed my Opinion..He calls the Project Ideology.

1827 W. Scott Life Napoleon VI. ix. 251 Ideology; by which nick-name the French ruler [sc. Bonaparte] used to distinguish every species of theory, which, resting in no respect upon the practical basis of self-interest, could, he thought, prevail with none save hot-brained boys and crazed enthusiasts.

1839 T. Carlyle Chartism vi. 57 Does the British reader..call all this unpleasant doctrine of ours ideology..?

1881 J. R. Seeley Bonaparte in Macmillan's Mag. 44 164/2 He..put aside the whole system of false and confused thinking which had reigned since 1792, and which he called ideology.

1932 Times 12 Sept. 12/1 A further bond of sympathy between them [sc. Asquith and Jowett] was the strongly practical bent which they shared. Asquith recoiled from ideology and had no taste for speculation.

†3. = idealism n. 1. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > epistemology > [noun] > philosophy of sense perception > other systems or doctrines and adherents

ideology1835

hylo-idealism1883

identity theory1895

confirmability1932

identity theorist1949

1835 J. B. Robertson tr. O. P. Gerbet in F. von Schlegel Philos. of Hist. I. p. lxvii Infidel science, astonished at her own discoveries, which disconcert alike ideology and materialism.

4. A systematic scheme of ideas, usually relating to politics, economics, or society and forming the basis of action or policy; a set of beliefs governing conduct. Also: the forming or holding of such a scheme of ideas.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > school of thought > [noun] > way of thinking

perspective1605

way of thinking1650

framework1754

ideology1896

value system1912

frame of reference1921

value orientation1940

blik1950

theology1962

1896 Internat. Jrnl. Ethics 6 293 The older Socialism rested upon such ideas as ‘the right to live’, ‘the right to work’, ‘payment according to needs’... The ‘ideology’ of the older socialists has given way to a deliberately..scientific treatment of life.

1909 Westm. Gaz. 4 May 10/2 It may be worth while giving some account of the ideology behind the German proposal, and of the details as worked out in the Conservative programme, bearing in mind that it is the scheme of a reactionary Agrarian party.

1936 L. Wirth & E. A. Shils tr. K. Mannheim Ideol. & Utopia (title) Ideology and Utopia.

1939 W. H. Auden in I Believe (1940) 22 It is despair at finding a solution to this problem which is responsible for much of the success of Fascist blood-and-soil ideology.

1955 E. Shils in Encounter 5 52 (title) The end of ideology?

1972 J. M. Brown Gandhi's Rise to Power iii. 106 It [sc. satyagraha] was a weapon for all seasons, and in Gandhi's hands, directed by his personal ideology, it gave him the edge over conventional politicians.

1993 J. Hargreaves in E. G. Dunning et al. Sports Process 71 The Victorian cult of the family..was a unifying feature of nineteenth-century bourgeois ideology and acted as a dominant constraining force on the early development of women's sport.

2004 Times Lit. Suppl. 8 Oct. 25/1 In geostrategic terms, Communism and liberal democracy may have been mortal enemies, but from an intellectual standpoint the Cold War was a family quarrel among Western ideologies.

Compounds

General attributive.

ideology formation n.

ΚΠ

1945 Philos. Rev. 54 74 It also makes an interesting case-study in the psychology of nationalism and ideology-formation in general.

2003 O. F. Kernberg in S. Schneider & H. Weinberg Large Group Re-visited viii. 136 The regressive quality of paranoid mass movements and ideology formation.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ideology
释义	ideologyn. Brit. /ˌʌɪdɪˈɒlədʒi/, /ˌɪdɪˈɒlədʒi/, U.S. /ˌɪdiˈɑlədʒi/, /ˌaɪdiˈɑlədʒi/ Forms: 1700s– ideology, 1800s– idealogie, 1800s– idealogy, 1800s– ideologie, 1800s– idiologie, 1800s– idiology. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; largely modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: ideo- comb. form, -logy comb. form. Etymology: < ideo- comb. form + -logy comb. form, largely after French idéologie (1796 in sense 1a(a), c1800 in sense 2 (apparently first used in this sense by Napoleon), 1842 in sense 4; sense 1b appears to be unparalleled in French; sense 3 is not recorded in dictionaries of the language, and the French original of quot. 1835 at this sense has not been traced). Compare Spanish ideología (a1808), Italian ideologia (1804), German Ideologie (c1800), all earliest in sense 1a(a), all < French.On the variation in form see note at ideo- comb. form. 1. a. (a) The study of ideas; that branch of philosophy or psychology which deals with the origin and nature of ideas. (b) spec. The system introduced by the French philosopher Étienne Condillac (1715–80), according to which all ideas are derived from sensations. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of ideas > [noun] ideology1796 conceptualism1819 analytic psychologya1854 the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > [noun] > science of ideology1796 the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > idealism > [noun] > ideology ideology1796 1796 Monthly Rev. 20 App. 569 [Destutt de] Tracy read a paper [at the National Institute of France]..and proposed to call the philosophy of mind, ideology. 1830 W. Hamilton in Edinb. Rev. Oct. 182 Ideologie (for Idealogie)..has in France become the name peculiarly distinctive of that philosophy of mind which exclusively derives our knowledge from the sensation. 1852 H. Rogers Ess. I. vii. 377 The word ‘ideas’..enters appropriately corrupted in the term ideology, as a name for a system of purely sensational philosophy. 1882 T. Davidson tr. A. Rosmini Philos. Syst. §10. 22 Ideology undertakes to investigate the nature of human knowledge. 1943 Ethics 53 266 Cabanis' physiology and Destutt de Tracy's ideology were but developments of the sensationism of Locke, Condillac, and Helvétius. 1975 F. C. Copleston Hist. Philos. IX. ii. 21 When laying down the fundamental notions of ideology de Tracy turned from the reductive analysis of Condillac to immediate self-observation. 2007 H. McDonald tr. P. Jaroszyński Sci. in Culture vi. xvii. 179 Ideology is a system of thought that studies our powers of perception and the origin of ideas within us. b. The study of the way in which ideas are expressed in language (see quot. 1826). Now historical. ΚΠ 1826 P. Du Ponceau in Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. (1830) 3 75 Ideology, or the comparative study of the grammatical forms and idiomatic constructions of languages, by which we are taught to analyze and distinguish the different shapes in which ideas combine themselves in order to fix perceptions in our minds, and transmit them to those of others. 1879 Trans. Amer. Philol. Assoc. 10 5 There is a distinct place for a Science of Ideology, as underlying and controlling the higher aspects of Etymology. 1886 Proc. Philol. Soc. 4 June p. xliii Valuable evidence..could be derived from comparative ideology, a branch of the science of language that hitherto had been much neglected. 1990 J. T. Andresen Linguistics in Amer, 1769–1924 (1995) ii. 104 The third division, ‘Ideology’, belongs within a structural, ahistorical framework and not within the diachronic and evolutionist framework that was to emerge with Humboldt. 2. Abstract speculation; impractical or visionary theorizing. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > speculation > [noun] speculative1412 speculationa1450 theory1668 project1727 ideology1813 ideologizing1861 the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > fancy or fantastic notion > [noun] > indulgence in imaginationa1393 dreaminga1400 fantasying1552 fantasy1553 fancy1581 think-so1666 ideology1813 fantasticating1880 fantastication- 1813 J. Adams Let. 13 July in Adams–Jefferson Lett. (1988) x. 355 Napoleon has lately invented a Word, which perfectly expressed my Opinion..He calls the Project Ideology. 1827 W. Scott Life Napoleon VI. ix. 251 Ideology; by which nick-name the French ruler [sc. Bonaparte] used to distinguish every species of theory, which, resting in no respect upon the practical basis of self-interest, could, he thought, prevail with none save hot-brained boys and crazed enthusiasts. 1839 T. Carlyle Chartism vi. 57 Does the British reader..call all this unpleasant doctrine of ours ideology..? 1881 J. R. Seeley Bonaparte in Macmillan's Mag. 44 164/2 He..put aside the whole system of false and confused thinking which had reigned since 1792, and which he called ideology. 1932 Times 12 Sept. 12/1 A further bond of sympathy between them [sc. Asquith and Jowett] was the strongly practical bent which they shared. Asquith recoiled from ideology and had no taste for speculation. †3. = idealism n. 1. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > epistemology > [noun] > philosophy of sense perception > other systems or doctrines and adherents ideology1835 hylo-idealism1883 identity theory1895 confirmability1932 identity theorist1949 1835 J. B. Robertson tr. O. P. Gerbet in F. von Schlegel Philos. of Hist. I. p. lxvii Infidel science, astonished at her own discoveries, which disconcert alike ideology and materialism. 4. A systematic scheme of ideas, usually relating to politics, economics, or society and forming the basis of action or policy; a set of beliefs governing conduct. Also: the forming or holding of such a scheme of ideas. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > school of thought > [noun] > way of thinking perspective1605 way of thinking1650 view1713 framework1754 ideology1896 value system1912 frame of reference1921 value orientation1940 blik1950 theology1962 1896 Internat. Jrnl. Ethics 6 293 The older Socialism rested upon such ideas as ‘the right to live’, ‘the right to work’, ‘payment according to needs’... The ‘ideology’ of the older socialists has given way to a deliberately..scientific treatment of life. 1909 Westm. Gaz. 4 May 10/2 It may be worth while giving some account of the ideology behind the German proposal, and of the details as worked out in the Conservative programme, bearing in mind that it is the scheme of a reactionary Agrarian party. 1936 L. Wirth & E. A. Shils tr. K. Mannheim Ideol. & Utopia (title) Ideology and Utopia. 1939 W. H. Auden in I Believe (1940) 22 It is despair at finding a solution to this problem which is responsible for much of the success of Fascist blood-and-soil ideology. 1955 E. Shils in Encounter 5 52 (title) The end of ideology? 1972 J. M. Brown Gandhi's Rise to Power iii. 106 It [sc. satyagraha] was a weapon for all seasons, and in Gandhi's hands, directed by his personal ideology, it gave him the edge over conventional politicians. 1993 J. Hargreaves in E. G. Dunning et al. Sports Process 71 The Victorian cult of the family..was a unifying feature of nineteenth-century bourgeois ideology and acted as a dominant constraining force on the early development of women's sport. 2004 Times Lit. Suppl. 8 Oct. 25/1 In geostrategic terms, Communism and liberal democracy may have been mortal enemies, but from an intellectual standpoint the Cold War was a family quarrel among Western ideologies. Compounds General attributive. ideology formation n. ΚΠ 1945 Philos. Rev. 54 74 It also makes an interesting case-study in the psychology of nationalism and ideology-formation in general. 2003 O. F. Kernberg in S. Schneider & H. Weinberg Large Group Re-visited viii. 136 The regressive quality of paranoid mass movements and ideology formation. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1796
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