hysteresisn.

Brit.

/ˌhɪstəˈriːsɪs/, U.S.

/ˌhɪstəˈrisᵻs/

Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymon: Greek ὑστέρησις.

Etymology: < Hellenistic Greek ὑστέρησις shortcoming, deficiency (New Testament) < ancient Greek ὑστερεῖν to be behind, come late ( < ὕστερος late: see hystero- comb. form¹) + -σις -sis suffix.

a. A phenomenon, observed in some physical, biological, and ecological systems, in which changes in a property lag behind changes in the agent or influence which causes them; esp. one for which the response of the property depends not only on the current state of the system, but also the states it has previously occupied.Hysteresis was first defined with reference to magnetism, in which it was observed that increases in magnetic field of a ferromagnetic material lags behind those in the magnetizing field.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > hysteresis

hysteresis1882

1882 J. A. Ewing in Proc. Royal Soc. 1881–2 33 22 The change of polarisation lags behind the change of torsion. To this action..the author now gives the name Hysterēsis.

1903 Nature 17 Dec. 160/2 In the relationship of stress to strain, or twisting couple to twist produced, rocks exhibit a marked hysteresis.

1960 Jrnl. Neurophysiol. 23 427 Tasaki observed a hysteresis in nerve fibres recovering from cooling and it is reasonable to assume it might also occur in cell bodies.

2008 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105 698/2 They exhibited superparamagnetic behavior showing no significant hysteresis.

b. Economics. A phenomenon or tendency whereby an economic effect persists longer than the processes or events that cause it.Frequently used with reference to increases in unemployment that last or continue to rise after the recession or economic downturn that caused them has ended.In quot. 1925: representing an early analogy between hysteresis in physical systems and the processes determining levels of economic demand.

ΚΠ

1925 C. F. Roos in Amer. Jrnl. Math. 47 173 Another likely hypothesis is to consider the demand as depending not only on the present price but on all previous prices as well... This is the usual restriction in treating the phenomena of hysteresis.]

1933 Econometrica 1 97 Dr. Roos' paper was also discussed by Dr. Mordecai Ezekiel, Professors Harold Hotelling, H. T. Davis, and Ragnar Frisch, who commented upon..the fruitfulness of an approach which regarded hysteresis and speculation as the same under certain conditions.

1986 Economist 30 Aug. 45/3 They [sc. governments] are developing programmes to put the long-term unemployed back to work—and so dampen the hysteresis effect.

2005 J. Gottschalk Monetary Policy & German Unemployment Probl. vi. 235 Even if hysteresis is present, an expansionary monetary policy in itself would not be effective in reducing unemployment permanently.

2. = hysteresis loss n. at Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > heat > transmission of heat > [noun] > dissipation by hysteresis

hysteresis loss1889

hysteresis1896

1896 Minutes Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers 126 216 If B = 2,500 were taken as the limit of the cycle the hysteresis of this ‘record’ specimen would be only 0·16 watt per lb.

1960 Jrnl. Nucl. Materials 2 24/2 Dilatometric measurements of the solid state transformation temperatures at the constant rate of 1° C/min by Lloyd showed much less hysteresis than those by Baumrucker.

2001 Scripta Materialia 44 2395 The modulus defect and internal friction data..suggest M_S temperatures between slightly below room temperature and 60°C with a hysteresis of about 30°C.

Compounds

hysteresis curve n. = hysteresis loop n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > graph or diagram > [noun] > graph > showing specific relationship

characteristic1881

characteristic curve1881

time curve1883

luminosity curve1886

hysteresis curve1890

hysteresis loop1892

time-distance1892

solidus1901

power curve1908

log log1910

Russell diagram1922

creep curve1931

power curve1932

Hertzsprung–Russell diagram1939

Petersen graph1947

utility curve1948

tournament graph1959

offset1987

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > hysteresis > graph

hysteresis curve1890

hysteresis loop1892

1890 Electr. Rev. 5 July 11/3 Therefore, when superimposed upon the hysteresis curve, it introduces a component in advance, and thereby decreases the lag of the primary current.

1954 C. Zwikker Physical Prop. Solid Materials xii. 208 Permanent magnet materials are chosen for having a large area of loop on the B–H hysteresis curve.

2000 J. McFall tr. K. Wille Physics Particle Accelerators x. 272 It is important to travel several times around the hysteresis curve of the magnet, in a careful and well-defined way.

hysteresis loop n. a graph showing how the value of some property of a system exhibiting hysteresis varies as the factor causing it is varied from one value to another and back again.A hysteresis loop consists of a closed loop in which two points are connected by two branches: one corresponding to progression from one point to the other, and the other the reverse. In the case of physical systems, the area enclosed by the loop represents the energy lost by the system in passing from one point to another and back again.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > graph or diagram > [noun] > graph > showing specific relationship

characteristic1881

characteristic curve1881

time curve1883

luminosity curve1886

hysteresis curve1890

hysteresis loop1892

time-distance1892

solidus1901

power curve1908

log log1910

Russell diagram1922

creep curve1931

power curve1932

Hertzsprung–Russell diagram1939

Petersen graph1947

utility curve1948

tournament graph1959

offset1987

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > hysteresis > graph

hysteresis curve1890

hysteresis loop1892

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > two-dimensional > closed curve

oval1570

hysteresis loop1892

Jordan curve1900

1892 Proc. Royal Soc. 51 458 If the curve is a simple hysteresis loop such as may be obtained in slowly-performed cyclic magnetisation, on the assumption that I = I₀ sin x, one of my students, Mr. Fowler, has found A in terms of sin (x+e₁), sin (2x+e₂), &c., a rather complicated expression which I need not give.

1946 Rubber in Engin. (H.M.S.O.) iv. 69 The stress–strain curve for rubber on retraction does not follow the same course as during extension, but forms a hysteresis loop.

2002 Nature 28 Nov. 374/2 As well as the saturation point (maximum magnetization), the hysteresis loop is characterized by the ‘coercivity’ of the material, which is the reverse-field strength needed to reduce the flux density to zero.

hysteresis loss n. the energy lost by a system as a result of hysteresis; a loss of energy resulting from hysteresis.See note at hysteresis loop n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > hysteresis > dissipation of heat as result of

hysteresis loss1889

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > heat > transmission of heat > [noun] > dissipation by hysteresis

hysteresis loss1889

hysteresis1896

1889 Electrician 7 June 121/2 By subtracting the calculated hysteresis loss from the ascertained total power unaccounted for, the eddy current loss is obtained.

1907 J. Erskine-Murray Handbk. Wireless Telegr. 24 The hysteresis losses in iron placed in so rapidly alternating a field are also very great.

1962 A. Edwards in D. Hadfield Permanent Magnets vi. 294 If the flux density in a magnet continually increases and decreases in use, there is hysteresis loss at every cycle and some eddy-current loss.

2012 T. E. Baker Electr. Calculations & Guidelines Generating Stations & Industr. Plants i. 5 The amount of energy required before the atom flips causes a lag in alignment and hysteresis loss in the core iron of AC transformers, generators, and motors.

Derivatives

hysteˈresial adj. rare of or relating to hysteresis; exhibiting or characterized by hysteresis; = hysteretic adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [adjective] > relating to hysteresis

hysteresial1886

hysteretic1890

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > heat > transmission of heat > [adjective] > relating to hysteresis

hysteresial1886

hysteretic1890

1886 Telegr. Jrnl. & Electr. Rev. 24 Sept. 305/1 Lord Rayleigh has pointed out that since hysteresial dissipation of energy per unit volume of iron is the same whether the magnetic circuit be open or closed, while the total work done on or by the electric circuits is greater with an open magnetic circuit, therefore the most efficient secondary generator is one with an open magnetic circuit.

1971 J. A. C. Harwood in C. M. Blow Rubber Technol. & Manuf. iii. 69 Stress softening, a hysteresial phenomenon observed at moderate and high extensions, is probably also viscoelastic in origin.

2015 Internat. Jrnl. Non-linear Mech. 68 65/1 Interestingly, despite the marked hysteresial behaviour of the highly-strained rubber, the circumferential and longitudinal extension ratios in an inflated balloon are close to the ratio predicted by elasticity theory (approximately √2).

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	hysteresis
释义	hysteresisn. Brit. /ˌhɪstəˈriːsɪs/, U.S. /ˌhɪstəˈrisᵻs/ Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymon: Greek ὑστέρησις. Etymology: < Hellenistic Greek ὑστέρησις shortcoming, deficiency (New Testament) < ancient Greek ὑστερεῖν to be behind, come late ( < ὕστερος late: see hystero- comb. form¹) + -σις -sis suffix. 1. a. A phenomenon, observed in some physical, biological, and ecological systems, in which changes in a property lag behind changes in the agent or influence which causes them; esp. one for which the response of the property depends not only on the current state of the system, but also the states it has previously occupied.Hysteresis was first defined with reference to magnetism, in which it was observed that increases in magnetic field of a ferromagnetic material lags behind those in the magnetizing field. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > hysteresis hysteresis1882 1882 J. A. Ewing in Proc. Royal Soc. 1881–2 33 22 The change of polarisation lags behind the change of torsion. To this action..the author now gives the name Hysterēsis. 1903 Nature 17 Dec. 160/2 In the relationship of stress to strain, or twisting couple to twist produced, rocks exhibit a marked hysteresis. 1960 Jrnl. Neurophysiol. 23 427 Tasaki observed a hysteresis in nerve fibres recovering from cooling and it is reasonable to assume it might also occur in cell bodies. 2008 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105 698/2 They exhibited superparamagnetic behavior showing no significant hysteresis. b. Economics. A phenomenon or tendency whereby an economic effect persists longer than the processes or events that cause it.Frequently used with reference to increases in unemployment that last or continue to rise after the recession or economic downturn that caused them has ended.In quot. 1925: representing an early analogy between hysteresis in physical systems and the processes determining levels of economic demand. ΚΠ 1925 C. F. Roos in Amer. Jrnl. Math. 47 173 Another likely hypothesis is to consider the demand as depending not only on the present price but on all previous prices as well... This is the usual restriction in treating the phenomena of hysteresis.] 1933 Econometrica 1 97 Dr. Roos' paper was also discussed by Dr. Mordecai Ezekiel, Professors Harold Hotelling, H. T. Davis, and Ragnar Frisch, who commented upon..the fruitfulness of an approach which regarded hysteresis and speculation as the same under certain conditions. 1986 Economist 30 Aug. 45/3 They [sc. governments] are developing programmes to put the long-term unemployed back to work—and so dampen the hysteresis effect. 2005 J. Gottschalk Monetary Policy & German Unemployment Probl. vi. 235 Even if hysteresis is present, an expansionary monetary policy in itself would not be effective in reducing unemployment permanently. 2. = hysteresis loss n. at Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > heat > transmission of heat > [noun] > dissipation by hysteresis hysteresis loss1889 hysteresis1896 1896 Minutes Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers 126 216 If B = 2,500 were taken as the limit of the cycle the hysteresis of this ‘record’ specimen would be only 0·16 watt per lb. 1960 Jrnl. Nucl. Materials 2 24/2 Dilatometric measurements of the solid state transformation temperatures at the constant rate of 1° C/min by Lloyd showed much less hysteresis than those by Baumrucker. 2001 Scripta Materialia 44 2395 The modulus defect and internal friction data..suggest M_S temperatures between slightly below room temperature and 60°C with a hysteresis of about 30°C. Compounds hysteresis curve n. = hysteresis loop n. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > graph or diagram > [noun] > graph > showing specific relationship characteristic1881 characteristic curve1881 time curve1883 luminosity curve1886 hysteresis curve1890 hysteresis loop1892 time-distance1892 solidus1901 power curve1908 log log1910 Russell diagram1922 creep curve1931 power curve1932 Hertzsprung–Russell diagram1939 Petersen graph1947 utility curve1948 tournament graph1959 offset1987 the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > hysteresis > graph hysteresis curve1890 hysteresis loop1892 1890 Electr. Rev. 5 July 11/3 Therefore, when superimposed upon the hysteresis curve, it introduces a component in advance, and thereby decreases the lag of the primary current. 1954 C. Zwikker Physical Prop. Solid Materials xii. 208 Permanent magnet materials are chosen for having a large area of loop on the B–H hysteresis curve. 2000 J. McFall tr. K. Wille Physics Particle Accelerators x. 272 It is important to travel several times around the hysteresis curve of the magnet, in a careful and well-defined way. hysteresis loop n. a graph showing how the value of some property of a system exhibiting hysteresis varies as the factor causing it is varied from one value to another and back again.A hysteresis loop consists of a closed loop in which two points are connected by two branches: one corresponding to progression from one point to the other, and the other the reverse. In the case of physical systems, the area enclosed by the loop represents the energy lost by the system in passing from one point to another and back again. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > graph or diagram > [noun] > graph > showing specific relationship characteristic1881 characteristic curve1881 time curve1883 luminosity curve1886 hysteresis curve1890 hysteresis loop1892 time-distance1892 solidus1901 power curve1908 log log1910 Russell diagram1922 creep curve1931 power curve1932 Hertzsprung–Russell diagram1939 Petersen graph1947 utility curve1948 tournament graph1959 offset1987 the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > hysteresis > graph hysteresis curve1890 hysteresis loop1892 the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > two-dimensional > closed curve oval1570 hysteresis loop1892 Jordan curve1900 1892 Proc. Royal Soc. 51 458 If the curve is a simple hysteresis loop such as may be obtained in slowly-performed cyclic magnetisation, on the assumption that I = I₀ sin x, one of my students, Mr. Fowler, has found A in terms of sin (x+e₁), sin (2x+e₂), &c., a rather complicated expression which I need not give. 1946 Rubber in Engin. (H.M.S.O.) iv. 69 The stress–strain curve for rubber on retraction does not follow the same course as during extension, but forms a hysteresis loop. 2002 Nature 28 Nov. 374/2 As well as the saturation point (maximum magnetization), the hysteresis loop is characterized by the ‘coercivity’ of the material, which is the reverse-field strength needed to reduce the flux density to zero. hysteresis loss n. the energy lost by a system as a result of hysteresis; a loss of energy resulting from hysteresis.See note at hysteresis loop n. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > hysteresis > dissipation of heat as result of hysteresis loss1889 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > heat > transmission of heat > [noun] > dissipation by hysteresis hysteresis loss1889 hysteresis1896 1889 Electrician 7 June 121/2 By subtracting the calculated hysteresis loss from the ascertained total power unaccounted for, the eddy current loss is obtained. 1907 J. Erskine-Murray Handbk. Wireless Telegr. 24 The hysteresis losses in iron placed in so rapidly alternating a field are also very great. 1962 A. Edwards in D. Hadfield Permanent Magnets vi. 294 If the flux density in a magnet continually increases and decreases in use, there is hysteresis loss at every cycle and some eddy-current loss. 2012 T. E. Baker Electr. Calculations & Guidelines Generating Stations & Industr. Plants i. 5 The amount of energy required before the atom flips causes a lag in alignment and hysteresis loss in the core iron of AC transformers, generators, and motors. Derivatives hysteˈresial adj. rare of or relating to hysteresis; exhibiting or characterized by hysteresis; = hysteretic adj. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [adjective] > relating to hysteresis hysteresial1886 hysteretic1890 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > heat > transmission of heat > [adjective] > relating to hysteresis hysteresial1886 hysteretic1890 1886 Telegr. Jrnl. & Electr. Rev. 24 Sept. 305/1 Lord Rayleigh has pointed out that since hysteresial dissipation of energy per unit volume of iron is the same whether the magnetic circuit be open or closed, while the total work done on or by the electric circuits is greater with an open magnetic circuit, therefore the most efficient secondary generator is one with an open magnetic circuit. 1971 J. A. C. Harwood in C. M. Blow Rubber Technol. & Manuf. iii. 69 Stress softening, a hysteresial phenomenon observed at moderate and high extensions, is probably also viscoelastic in origin. 2015 Internat. Jrnl. Non-linear Mech. 68 65/1 Interestingly, despite the marked hysteresial behaviour of the highly-strained rubber, the circumferential and longitudinal extension ratios in an inflated balloon are close to the ratio predicted by elasticity theory (approximately √2). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1882
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