idealismn.

Brit.

/ʌɪˈdɪəlɪz(ə)m/,

/ʌɪˈdiːəlɪz(ə)m/, U.S.

/ˌaɪˈdi(ə)ˌlɪz(ə)m/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; partly modelled on a French lexical item, and partly modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: ideal adj., -ism suffix; ideal n., -ism suffix.

Etymology: Partly < ideal adj. + -ism suffix, and partly < ideal n. + -ism suffix, in early use partly after French idéalisme (1749 in the passage translated in quot. 1773 in philosophical use; 1828 denoting the treatment of a subject more imaginatively than realistically; 1863 in sense ‘aspiration after or pursuit of an ideal’), in later specific philosophical uses after German Idealismus (1781 or earlier (in Kant) in philosophical use, originally as †Idealism ; frequently as second element of phrases denoting specific systems of philosophical thought (see note); 1796 or earlier in sense ‘aspiration after or pursuit of an ideal’; < French). Compare earlier idealist n.

1. Philosophy. Any of various views according to which reality is ultimately in some sense mental or mind-dependent; any of various views according to which the objects of knowledge or perception are ideas (in various senses: see idea n.); more generally, any view opposed to some form of realism or materialism.absolute, critical, objective, subjective, transcendental idealism: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > idealism > [noun]

idealisma1743

immaterialism1777

absolute idealism1828

a1743 A. M. Ramsay Philos. Princ. Nat. & Revealed Relig. (1748) I. iii. 247 Otherwise we must fall naturally into Idealism or Materialism, which by different roads lead at last to the Spinosian impiety, which asserts that nature is composed of one only substance.

1773 tr. D. Diderot Ess. on Blindness 50 Idealism deserves very well to be reported to him; and this hypothesis is as a double incentive for him, his singularity, and much more the difficulty of refuting its principles.

1796 Monthly Rev. 20 App. 576 He [sc. Parmenides] thus prepared arguments for scepticism, and made the first approaches towards idealism.

1822 N. Amer. Rev. July 123 We by our idealism, and Fichteism have learned to reduce every thing to ideas, and these into subjection to the omnipotence of will.

1889 W. L. Courtney Life J. S. Mill 137 Idealism..resolves all our notions of the external world into the subjective affections of the thinking self.

1926 R. W. Sellars Princ. & Probl. Philos. i. xi. 141 In all idealism the object of knowledge is regarded as dependent on the knowing of it.

1981 H. Meynell in M. L. Lamb Creativity & Method 380 While empiricism represents a crude view of how our knowledge corresponds with the real world, idealism, in..rejecting this crude view, is driven to abandon the truth that..there is a world of things and facts prior to and independent of human thought and language to which these aspire to conform.

2002 R. J. Richards Romantic Conception Life ii. 62 One of the areas of deepest confusion concerned what looked like Kant's adoption of a kind of Berkeleyan idealism, one in which each individual created his own little world.

2. The practice of idealizing or the tendency to idealize; the habit of representing things in an ideal form, or as they might be; treatment of a subject in art or literature more imaginatively than realistically; ideal style or character: opposed to realism. Also: aspiration after or pursuit of an ideal.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > faculty of conceiving ideals > [noun] > tendency to idealize

idealism1774

society > leisure > the arts > the arts in general > [noun] > work of art > qualities generally

decoruma1568

humoura1568

variety1597

strength1608

uniformity1625

barbarity1644

freedom1645

boldness1677

correctness1684

clinquant1711

unity1712

contrast1713

meretriciousness1727

airiness1734

pathos1739

chastity1760

vigour1774

prettyism1789

mannerism1803

serio-comic1805

actuality1812

largeness1824

local colour1829

subjectivitya1834

idealism1841

pastoralism1842

inartisticalitya1849

academicism1852

realism1856

colour contrast1858

crampedness1858

niggling1858

audacity1859

superreality1859

literalism1860

pseudo-classicism1861

sensationalism1862

sensationism1862

chocolate box1865

pseudo-classicality1867

academism1871

actualism1872

academicalism1874

ethos1875

terribilità1877

local colouring1881

neoclassicism1893

mass effect1902

attack1905

verismo1908

kitsch1921

abstraction1923

self-consciousness1932

surreality1936

tension1941

build-up1942

sprezzatura1957

1774 Ideal Trifles xiv. 114 I have been able, by the Assistance of Reason, to avoid depriving myself of the Satisfaction which the present Object was adapted to afford me, by stifling every rising Wish for those which I perceived were absent... And this, according to my Notion of it, Idealism teaches.

1829 I. Taylor Nat. Hist. Enthusiasm viii. 190 A transmutation of the objects of the devout affections into objects of imaginative delectation..had tinged, more or less, with idealism, the religious sentiment of all but a few.

1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands II. 350 The perfected idealism which reigns in his [sc. Titian's] greatest works.

1871 A. C. Fraser Life & Lett. G. Berkeley iii. 87 The project of social idealism which..filled and determined his life in its middle period.

1890 Hall Caine in Contemp. Rev. Apr. 479 I take realism to mean the doctrine of the importance of the real facts of life, and idealism the doctrine of the superiority of ideal existence over the facts of life.

1934 M. Sherwood Undercurrents of Infl. in Eng. Romantic Poetry viii. 327 Intellect and feeling met and worked in happy fusion in his idealism, and it was through the witness of his entire being that he attained and kept his faith.

1967 Brit. Jrnl. Psychiatry 113 930/2 The teenagers' naïveté, self-absorption, and—possibly—their emphasis on altruism and idealism.

2004 A. Sattin in Slightly Foxed Spring 65 In Ram, Ghali has created..a young man trying to square dreams and idealism with the realities of the world around him.

3. An instance of idealizing; an act or product of idealizing; an ideal representation.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > faculty of conceiving ideals > [noun] > act of idealizing

idealization1796

idealisma1822

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > faculty of conceiving ideals > [noun] > idealized conception, ideal

ideaa1586

should-be1790

ideal1817

ideality1825

idealism1861

a1822 P. B. Shelley Def. Poetry in Ess. & Lett. (1840) I. 20 The highest idealisms of passion and power.

1861 G. W. Thornbury Life J. M. W. Turner I. 316 [The Polyphemus] the most wonderful..of Turner's idealisms.

1925 Cent. Mag. Jan. 425/1 In it we find all the new ideas, new idealisms, and new spiritual values that have been thrown up as by-products of the sciences, philosophies, and practical adventures of the modern mind during the last seventy-five or a hundred years.

1995 D. Marc Bonfire of Humanities 147 The synthesis of secular and religious cultural idealisms that took place among the Ashkenazic Jews who immigrated to New York City before the First World War.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	idealism
释义	idealismn. Brit. /ʌɪˈdɪəlɪz(ə)m/, /ʌɪˈdiːəlɪz(ə)m/, U.S. /ˌaɪˈdi(ə)ˌlɪz(ə)m/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; partly modelled on a French lexical item, and partly modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: ideal adj., -ism suffix; ideal n., -ism suffix. Etymology: Partly < ideal adj. + -ism suffix, and partly < ideal n. + -ism suffix, in early use partly after French idéalisme (1749 in the passage translated in quot. 1773 in philosophical use; 1828 denoting the treatment of a subject more imaginatively than realistically; 1863 in sense ‘aspiration after or pursuit of an ideal’), in later specific philosophical uses after German Idealismus (1781 or earlier (in Kant) in philosophical use, originally as †Idealism ; frequently as second element of phrases denoting specific systems of philosophical thought (see note); 1796 or earlier in sense ‘aspiration after or pursuit of an ideal’; < French). Compare earlier idealist n. 1. Philosophy. Any of various views according to which reality is ultimately in some sense mental or mind-dependent; any of various views according to which the objects of knowledge or perception are ideas (in various senses: see idea n.); more generally, any view opposed to some form of realism or materialism.absolute, critical, objective, subjective, transcendental idealism: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > idealism > [noun] idealisma1743 immaterialism1777 absolute idealism1828 a1743 A. M. Ramsay Philos. Princ. Nat. & Revealed Relig. (1748) I. iii. 247 Otherwise we must fall naturally into Idealism or Materialism, which by different roads lead at last to the Spinosian impiety, which asserts that nature is composed of one only substance. 1773 tr. D. Diderot Ess. on Blindness 50 Idealism deserves very well to be reported to him; and this hypothesis is as a double incentive for him, his singularity, and much more the difficulty of refuting its principles. 1796 Monthly Rev. 20 App. 576 He [sc. Parmenides] thus prepared arguments for scepticism, and made the first approaches towards idealism. 1822 N. Amer. Rev. July 123 We by our idealism, and Fichteism have learned to reduce every thing to ideas, and these into subjection to the omnipotence of will. 1889 W. L. Courtney Life J. S. Mill 137 Idealism..resolves all our notions of the external world into the subjective affections of the thinking self. 1926 R. W. Sellars Princ. & Probl. Philos. i. xi. 141 In all idealism the object of knowledge is regarded as dependent on the knowing of it. 1981 H. Meynell in M. L. Lamb Creativity & Method 380 While empiricism represents a crude view of how our knowledge corresponds with the real world, idealism, in..rejecting this crude view, is driven to abandon the truth that..there is a world of things and facts prior to and independent of human thought and language to which these aspire to conform. 2002 R. J. Richards Romantic Conception Life ii. 62 One of the areas of deepest confusion concerned what looked like Kant's adoption of a kind of Berkeleyan idealism, one in which each individual created his own little world. 2. The practice of idealizing or the tendency to idealize; the habit of representing things in an ideal form, or as they might be; treatment of a subject in art or literature more imaginatively than realistically; ideal style or character: opposed to realism. Also: aspiration after or pursuit of an ideal. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > faculty of conceiving ideals > [noun] > tendency to idealize idealism1774 society > leisure > the arts > the arts in general > [noun] > work of art > qualities generally decoruma1568 humoura1568 variety1597 strength1608 uniformity1625 barbarity1644 freedom1645 boldness1677 correctness1684 clinquant1711 unity1712 contrast1713 meretriciousness1727 airiness1734 pathos1739 chastity1760 vigour1774 prettyism1789 mannerism1803 serio-comic1805 actuality1812 largeness1824 local colour1829 subjectivitya1834 idealism1841 pastoralism1842 inartisticalitya1849 academicism1852 realism1856 colour contrast1858 crampedness1858 niggling1858 audacity1859 superreality1859 literalism1860 pseudo-classicism1861 sensationalism1862 sensationism1862 chocolate box1865 pseudo-classicality1867 academism1871 actualism1872 academicalism1874 ethos1875 terribilità1877 local colouring1881 neoclassicism1893 mass effect1902 attack1905 verismo1908 kitsch1921 abstraction1923 self-consciousness1932 surreality1936 tension1941 build-up1942 sprezzatura1957 1774 Ideal Trifles xiv. 114 I have been able, by the Assistance of Reason, to avoid depriving myself of the Satisfaction which the present Object was adapted to afford me, by stifling every rising Wish for those which I perceived were absent... And this, according to my Notion of it, Idealism teaches. 1829 I. Taylor Nat. Hist. Enthusiasm viii. 190 A transmutation of the objects of the devout affections into objects of imaginative delectation..had tinged, more or less, with idealism, the religious sentiment of all but a few. 1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands II. 350 The perfected idealism which reigns in his [sc. Titian's] greatest works. 1871 A. C. Fraser Life & Lett. G. Berkeley iii. 87 The project of social idealism which..filled and determined his life in its middle period. 1890 Hall Caine in Contemp. Rev. Apr. 479 I take realism to mean the doctrine of the importance of the real facts of life, and idealism the doctrine of the superiority of ideal existence over the facts of life. 1934 M. Sherwood Undercurrents of Infl. in Eng. Romantic Poetry viii. 327 Intellect and feeling met and worked in happy fusion in his idealism, and it was through the witness of his entire being that he attained and kept his faith. 1967 Brit. Jrnl. Psychiatry 113 930/2 The teenagers' naïveté, self-absorption, and—possibly—their emphasis on altruism and idealism. 2004 A. Sattin in Slightly Foxed Spring 65 In Ram, Ghali has created..a young man trying to square dreams and idealism with the realities of the world around him. 3. An instance of idealizing; an act or product of idealizing; an ideal representation. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > faculty of conceiving ideals > [noun] > act of idealizing idealization1796 idealisma1822 the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > faculty of conceiving ideals > [noun] > idealized conception, ideal ideaa1586 should-be1790 ideal1817 ideality1825 idealism1861 a1822 P. B. Shelley Def. Poetry in Ess. & Lett. (1840) I. 20 The highest idealisms of passion and power. 1861 G. W. Thornbury Life J. M. W. Turner I. 316 [The Polyphemus] the most wonderful..of Turner's idealisms. 1925 Cent. Mag. Jan. 425/1 In it we find all the new ideas, new idealisms, and new spiritual values that have been thrown up as by-products of the sciences, philosophies, and practical adventures of the modern mind during the last seventy-five or a hundred years. 1995 D. Marc Bonfire of Humanities 147 The synthesis of secular and religious cultural idealisms that took place among the Ashkenazic Jews who immigrated to New York City before the First World War. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a1743
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