hydraulicadj.n.
/hʌɪˈdrɔːlɪk//hʌɪˈdrɒlɪk/ A. adj.
1. Pertaining or relating to water (or other liquid) as conveyed through pipes or channels, esp. by mechanical means; belonging to hydraulics.
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the world > matter > physics > mechanics > fluid mechanics > [adjective] > relating to hydraulics or hydromechanics
hydraulic1661
hydraulical1664
hygraulic1736
hydromechanical1825
1661 Humane Industry 37 Birds on the tops of Trees, which by Hydraulic art and secret conveyances of water..are made to sing.
1729 S. Switzer Introd. Gen. Syst. Hydrostaticks & Hydraulicks 69 Nero Alexandrinus, and other Hydraulick Writers.
1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. V. 1364 A shaft moved by hydraulic power.
1860 All Year Round 21 Apr. 35 A bale of dry goods..packed by hydraulic pressure.
1898 Times 22 Aug. 6/3 Hydraulic pressure exerted against the deposits by what are known as..‘Monitors’, huge squirts... These huge jets of water strike against the mass of gravels with a force of many thousand horse-power.
2.
a. Applied to various mechanical contrivances operated by water-power, or in which water is conveyed through pipes; e.g. a hydraulic crane, hydraulic engine, hydraulic machine, hydraulic motor. Also used in connection with liquids other than water.
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society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines driven by specific energy source > [adjective] > by water
hydraulic1656
the world > matter > physics > mechanics > fluid mechanics > [adjective] > relating to hydraulics or hydromechanics > utilizing principles of
hydraulic1656
1656 T. Blount Glossographia Hydraulick, pertaining to Organs, or to an Instrument to draw water.
1659 J. Leak tr. I. de Caus New Inventions Water-works 30 The Pipes of the Organs in Hydrautique [sic] Instruments.
1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. at Hydraulo-Pneumatical A Description of the Common Hydraulick Engine used to Quench Fire.
1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. II. 236 Hydraulic lifting jack for railway engines and carriages.
1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. IV. 1194 Hydraulic crane.
1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. IV. 1228 Hydraulic clock..by keeping up a constant flow of water, the clock will never require winding up.
b. Of a liquid: used, or suitable for use, in hydraulic brakes or other hydraulic equipment. (Not used predicatively.)
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society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines driven by specific energy source > [adjective] > by water > of a liquid: suitable for driving machine
hydraulic1941
1941 E. Molloy Hydraulic Equipm. 86 A valve on the master-brake cylinder..allows the hydraulic fluid to escape, under pressure, to the brake cylinder in the wheel.
1951 Adv. Chem. Ser. V. 241 Hydraulic fluids..include those made from petroleum, synthetic oils, and aqueous solutions containing antifreeze and rust inhibitors.
1967 E. R. Braithwaite Lubrication iii. 161 Fire-resistant hydraulic oils represent a class of lubricants in which there is increasing interest.
1971 Drive New Year 33/2 It is advisable to change hydraulic fluid every eighteen months or 24,000 miles.
3. Applied to substances which harden under water and so become impervious to it; as hydraulic cement, hydraulic lime, hydraulic mortar.
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society > occupation and work > materials > types of material generally > [adjective] > quick-setting > under water
hydraulic1829
1829 Arcana of Sci. & Art 246 When the bridge of Louis XVI was constructed, much advantage was derived from mixing with the hydraulic mortar which was used, a portion of the clinkers..which had passed through the grates of the glass bottle furnace, at Meudon.
1843 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 6 157/2 Hydraulic lime will harden in a very short time.
1843 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 6 157/2 Roman cement, the most hydraulic of all mortars.
1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. I. 135 Silica is an essential element in the formation of a good hydraulic cement.
1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. IV. 1114 Hydraulic chalk cement, hardening under water in a few minutes.
1863 A. C. Ramsay Physical Geol. & Geogr. Great Brit. (1878) xii. 167 Blue argillaceous limestone, largely quarried..for hydraulic lime.
1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xx. 176 Hydraulic mortars, which harden under water.
B. n.† 1. A hydraulic organ: see A. 2. Obsolete.
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society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > types of organ > [noun] > water-organ
water organa1387
hydraulicon1570
hydraulic1626
hydraulus1874
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §102 The Sounds that produce Tones..such are the Percussions of Mettall, as in Bels;..And of Water, as in the Nightingals Pipes of Regalls, or Organs, and other Hydraulicks; which the Ancients had..but are now lost.
1661 Humane Industry 109 He used onely warm water to give them motion and sound. Such Hydraulics are frequent in Italy.
2.
a. Short for hydraulic engine, hydraulic press n., etc. (see sense A. 2).
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1729 S. Switzer Introd. Gen. Syst. Hydrostaticks & Hydraulicks 347 The Hydraulick or Engine before mentioned, and its Effects, being thus explain'd.
1890 W. J. Gordon Foundry 157 The hydraulic is again brought into play, and with a pair of huge pincers the rivets are nipped and finished.
b. Applied hydraulic force.
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the world > matter > physics > mechanics > fluid mechanics > [noun] > hydraulics or hydromechanics > applied hydraulic force
water pressure1800
hydraulic1890
1890 W. J. Gordon Foundry 63 Great is the power of hydraulic! Here is a hole..squeezed out of a slab of steel with no more fuss than if the steel were piecrust!
Compounds
hydraulic belt n. an endless woollen band passing over rollers for raising water by absorption and compression.
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society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > for raising water
well bucket1477
flail?a1500
kettle-mill1570
scoop1580
water engine1611
chain-pumpa1618
cochlea1648
water-screw1648
engine1652
bucket-fountain1663
chain1682
noria1696
tub-engine1702
tub-gin1702
well-pole1727
screw engine1729
rag1747
rag pump1747
swape1773
picotah1780
water balance1800
ram1801
well sweep1818
shadoof1836
hydraulic belt1856
water carrier1875
bailer1883
trip-bucket1926
1856 S. C. Brees Terms & Rules Archit. Hydraulic belt, an endless double band, formed of woollen cloth, for raising water.
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hydraulic block n. Shipbuilding a hydraulic lifting-press made to occupy the place of a building-block beneath the keel of a vessel in a repairing-dock, so as to raise the vessel when needed.
hydraulic brake n. (a) a brake that utilizes the resistance to motion experienced by a piston or rotor in a chamber full of liquid; also, a hydraulic buffer; (b) a brake that operates by means of friction but is actuated hydraulically; (c) a dynamometer that works on the principle of the hydraulic brake (sense (a)).
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the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > instrument measuring > specific
hydraulic brake1874
rolling road1962
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > brake > types of
friction-brake1874
hydraulic brake1874
band-brake1889
magnetic brake1899
strap brake1902
solenoid brake1914
anti-lock1968
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [noun] > parts of vehicle moving on wheels > devices to retard or stop motion > brake or braking apparatus > types of
handbrake1841
rubber1850
air brake1857
disc brake1865
power brake1865
hydraulic brake1874
vacuum-brake1875
rim brake1876
drum brake1882
sand brakea1884
calliper brake1904
rheostatic brake1920
callipers1972
a.
b.1875 Engineering 8 Jan. 29/1 The hydraulic brake comprises a pump, a cistern, and an accumulator for collecting and storing the power, a regulator, and apparatus for applying that power in retarding the speed of the train.1876 J. W. Barry Railway Appliances vii. 286 In the hydraulic break the pressure on the pistons is derived from the pressure of a small hydraulic accumulator.1924 J. C. Wright & F. C. Smith Automotive Constr. & Operation xiv. 331 Several cars have adopted the hydraulic-brake system for all four wheels.1963 D. V. W. Francis Morris Minor i. 11/1 Lockheed hydraulic brakes operate on 7-in. brake drums.c.1890 Minutes Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers 99 169 At the same meeting, Mr. William Froude gave an account of his hydraulic brake, for measuring the power of large engines.1925 A. W. Judge Automobile Engines i. vi. 170 The Froude hydraulic brake..is now largely employed for automobile engine tests. In this case the power is absorbed by hydraulic resistance.1874 Engineering 11 Sept. 194/3 (heading) Hydraulic brakes.
1894 J. A. Ewing Steam-engine ix. 269 Many governors are furnished with a dash-pot, which is a hydraulic or pneumatic brake, consisting of a piston connected to the governor, working loosely in a cylinder which is filled with oil or with water.
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 897/1 The buffer-stop to be seen in terminal railway stations, and the hydraulic brakes of quick-firing guns, are examples.
1959 [see hydraulic buffer n.]. 1962 D. J. Myatt Machine Design i. 151 Because braking torque is a function of speed of rotation of the brake rotor, electric and hydraulic brakes should not be depended upon to hold a load stationary.
hydraulic brush n. a brush with a hose connection through its handle whereby it discharges water upon the surface scrubbed.
hydraulic buffer n. a device for checking the recoil of a mounted gun, consisting of a piston in a cylinder filled with liquid.
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society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > parts and fittings of firearms > [noun] > recoil gear > types of
coiler rope1600
pintle1644
pintail1794
compressor1859
hydraulic buffer1871
butt pad1884
recuperator1889
shovel1899
check rope1918
1871 G. E. Voyle Dict. Artillery Terms (ed. 2) 45/1 The Hydraulic Buffer.
1876 G. E. Voyle & G. de Saint-Clair-Stevenson Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) 54/2 Where guns are mounted on carriages and platforms fitted for hydraulic buffers, the buffer will invariably be kept on the platform filled with the proper quantity of oil.
1959 Chambers's Encycl. VI. 646/1 A hydraulic buffer or brake consists of a cylinder filled with liquid, a piston and a piston rod.
hydraulic condenser n. [condenser n. 4c] the chamber in which gas is cooled.
hydraulic dock n. a floating dock (see floating dock at dock n.3 4a), on which a vessel is raised for examination and repairs.
hydraulic elevator n. (also hydraulic lift) a lift or hoist worked by hydraulic power.
hydraulic engineer n.
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society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > engineer > [noun] > hydraulic
water engineer1662
hydraulic engineer1838
hydraulist1847
hydraulician1882
1838 Penny Cycl. XII. 382/1 Besides the construction of harbours for ships, the formation of the aqueducts which supplied the cities with water must have constituted an important part of the duties of the hydraulic engineer among the antients.
1916 J. Park Text.-bk. Pract. Hydraulics p. x A valuable work of reference for all hydraulic engineers.
hydraulic engineering n.
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society > occupation and work > industry > engineering > [noun] > branches of
waterwork?a1560
civil engineeringc1770
water engineering1787
millwrighting1821
engineering science1826
hydraulic engineering1835
river engineering1842
structural engineering1859
industrial engineering1860
chemical engineering1861
sanitary engineering1868
biological engineering1898
control engineering1914
radio engineering1915
environmental engineering1946
systems engineering1946
bioengineering1950
value engineering1959
biomedical engineering1961
geoengineering1962
macro-engineering1964
microengineering1964
terotechnology1970
hydroengineering1971
civil1975
mechatronics1976
knowledge engineering1977
1835 Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1834 473 Practical works in hydraulic engineering of great magnitude and extent have been carried on in England.
1858 G. R. Burnell Rudiments Hydraulic Engin. I. i. 1 Hydraulic Engineering will be considered to include..questions connected with building in water.
1858 G. R. Burnell Rudiments Hydraulic Engin. I. i. 2 Hydraulic engineering is principally confined to the operations in which water acts as an incompressible fluid.
1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 427/1 Hydraulic engineering, that branch of engineering chiefly concerned in the design and production of hydraulic machinery, pumping plants, pipelines, etc.
1956 A. H. Compton Atomic Quest ii. 106 His..degree in hydraulic engineering at the University of Iowa.
hydraulic gradient n. (a line representing) the variation along a pipe or channel of the head due to elevation and pressure in a liquid flowing along it.
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the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of flowing > [noun] > rate of flow > measurement of flow pressure > representation of variation in
hydraulic gradient1881
1881 Encycl. Brit. XII. 484/2 Hence [the line] CD is termed the virtual slope or hydraulic gradient of the pipe.
1935 A. J. Martin Work of Sanitary Engin. viii. 92 If a series of open-ended vertical pipes were carried up from the main at intervals, the water would rise in each of them up to the line of the hydraulic gradient.
1951 W. L. Russell Princ. Petroleum Geol. xii. 212 By using..high hydraulic gradients, oil globules and gas bubbles may be forced through these sandstones.
hydraulic indicator n. a gauge indicating hydraulic pressure.
hydraulic intensifier n. a device for obtaining an increase in pressure in a hydraulic system, usually comprising two cylinders of different diameters containing pistons that are joined to one another.
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society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > other parts > [noun] > parts for transmitting or increasing pressure
pressure pad1855
intensifier1892
hydraulic intensifier1899
1899 G. D. Hiscox Mech. Movements vii. 153 Hydraulic intensifier.—High pressure obtained from low pressure by differential pistons.
1962 A. C. Walshaw & D. A. Jobson Mech. Fluids ii. 32 A 100 ton press with a 12 in. stroke is to be operated from a main in which the pressure is 40 lbf/in2 gauge, via a hydraulic intensifier with a 4 ft stroke.
hydraulic jump n. an abrupt change from a fast, shallow flow to a slower, deeper flow at some point in a liquid flowing in an open channel.
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the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > [noun] > abrupt change in rate of flow
hydraulic jump1922
1922 H. E. Babbitt Sewerage & Sewage Treatm. iv. 74 The hydraulic jump will occur when a high velocity of flow is interrupted by an obstruction in the channel, by a change in grade of the invert, or the approach of the velocity to the ‘critical’ velocity.
1969 Chia-Shun Yih Fluid Mech. v. 226 Tidal bores observed in estuaries are hydraulic jumps propagating against flowing water.
hydraulic main n. in gas-works, a large pipe containing water, and receiving the pipes from the several retorts, which dip below the surface of the water so that the raw gas passes through the water and is partly purified on its way to the condenser.
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society > occupation and work > workplace > places for working with specific materials > place for working with oil or gas > [noun] > gasworks > large pipe in
hydraulic main1838
1838 Penny Cycl. XI. 87/1 A much larger pipe, technically called the hydraulic main, which..receives the gas produced from all the retorts.
hydraulic mean depth n. a length equal to the cross-sectional area of the liquid in a channel or pipe divided by the length of the wetted perimeter.
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1797 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 891/1 Column 1..contains the hydraulic mean depths of any conduit in inches... The column is continued to 100 inches, which is fully equal to the hydraulic mean depth of any canal.
1829 Nat. Philos. (Libr. Useful Knowl.) I. vi. 5/2 Suppose the whole quantity of water to be spread on a horizontal surface, equal in extent to the bottom and sides of the river, when the height at which the water would so stand is called the hydraulic mean depth.
1930 Engineering 7 Feb. 180/1 By means of the following table, maximum scour can be calculated from calculated values of the hydraulic mean depth.
hydraulic mining n. a method of mining in which the force of a powerful jet of water is used to wear down a bed of auriferous gravel or earth, and to carry the debris to the sluices where the particles of gold are separated.
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society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [noun] > other specific types of mining
shoading1778
nuggeting1852
placer mining1852
reefing1859
hydraulic mining1873
stripping1874
drift mining1877
gouging1877
hydraulicking1880
open-working1881
strip mining1935
horizon mining1947
roadheading1969
1873 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining xvii. 390 Hydraulic mining in California—The origin of this branch of mining dates back as far as the spring of 1852.
Categories »
hydraulic organ n. an ancient musical instrument in which water was used in some way, probably to regulate the pressure of the air.
hydraulic press n. = hydrostatic press n. at hydrostatic adj. Compounds 2.
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society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for altering dimensions > [noun] > press > hydraulic
hydrostatic press1797
water press1802
Bramah's press1846
hydraulic press1851
wheel-press1875
1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. II. 210 Hydraulic presses of various kinds..among them the vast machine which was employed to lift the Brittannia tube into its place.
hydraulic radius n. = hydraulic mean depth n.
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1876 L. D'A. Jackson tr. W. R. Kutter Mean Velocity of Discharge of Rivers i. 2 r is the mean hydraulic radius, or the quotient of the water section by the wetted perimeter.
1948 D. W. Taylor Fund. Soil Mech. vi. 109 The ratio of volume to surface area of flow channel may be used as an alternative definition of hydraulic radius.
hydraulic ram n. an automatic pump in which the kinetic energy of a descending column of water in a pipe is used to raise some of the water to a height above that of its original source; also applied to the lifting piston of a hydrostatic press.
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society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > hydraulic
ram1801
water ram1806
hydraulic ram1808
water balance1843
1808 Young in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 99 22 As a stream of water strikes on the valve of the hydraulic ram.
hydraulic valve n. a valve formed by an inverted cup placed with its edge under water over the upturned open end of a pipe, so as to close the pipe against the passage of air.
hydraulic wheel n. a wheel for raising water by applied power.
Draft additions 1993
hydraulic fracturing n. the process of fracturing subterranean rock by the injection of water into existing fissures at high pressure, usually in order to facilitate the passage of some fluid (esp. oil or gas) through an otherwise impermeable barrier; an instance of this; also called fracking.
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society > occupation and work > industry > drilling for oil or gas > [noun] > forcing in water or fluid
water injection1795
water drive1917
water flooding1926
repressuring1927
water flood1928
hydraulic fracturing1948
fracking1953
sandfrac1953
sandfracing1957
hydrofracturing1972
1948 Oil & Gas Jrnl. 14 Oct. 76/2 The hydraulic fracturing process, ‘Hydrafrac’, shows distinct promise of increasing production rates from wells producing from any type of formation.
1968 E. Teller et al. Constructive Uses Nucl. Explosives vi. 251 Hydraulic fracturing..is accomplished by pumping a fluid into the formation under sufficient pressure to fracture the formation in the vicinity of the well bore.
1989 D. Mader Hydraulic Proppant Fracturing p. xxxi The effect of a tail-in terminal stage in hydraulic fracturing..is comparable to that of a gravel pack.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
hydraulicv.
/hʌɪˈdrɔːlɪk//hʌɪˈdrɒlɪk/ U.S.
transitive. To work or obtain by the methods of hydraulic mining.
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society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (transitive)] > by specific method
opencast1764
hydraulic1868
strip mine1934
1868 J. R. Browne Rep. Mineral Resources States West of Rocky Mts. 94 in Rep. Mineral Resources U.S. (U.S. Dept. of Treasury) They can hydraulic away about 300 feet along the face of their Claim, but beyond that the hill is too deep to pay for piping.
1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. at Hydraulicking Most of the water..is used, as is said, to hydraulic, that is, to wash banks of auriferous earth by throwing a stream of water upon them through a hose and pipe.
1892 C. F. Lummis Tramp across Continent viii. 122 To run a fifteen-mile pipe-line from the Sandias to Golden, and thus bring water to hydraulic the enormous areas of gold-bearing gravel.
1904 J. Lynch Three Years Klondike (1967) ix. 127 Those grounds can only be dredged or hydraulicked.
1908 W. R. Crane Gold & Silver v. 379 In 1903 the Crown Mountain Mining Company..hydrauliced the material in sluices to a 60-stamp mill.
1928 W. A. Chalfant Outposts Civilization 42 From which it was said the owner hydraulicked $90,000 worth of gold.
Derivatives
hyˈdraulicing n. (also hy'draulicking)
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1880 G. T. Ingham Digging Gold ix. 243 Two steam pumps have been..forcing water from French Creek up to these dry diggings for hydraulicing.
1965 Mineral Facts & Problems (U.S. Bureau of Mines) 231 Some kaolin deposits are mined by hydraulicking.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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adj.n.1626
v.1868