hydraulicadj.n.

/hʌɪˈdrɔːlɪk/

/hʌɪˈdrɒlɪk/

Etymology: < Latin hydraulicus, < Greek ὑδραυλικός, < ὕδωρ, ὑδρ- water + αὐλός pipe. In Greek ὑδραυλικὸν ὄργανον denoted a kind of musical instrument played by means of water (also called ὕδραυλις, ὕδραυλος); the extension of the word to other kinds of water-engines is first found in Latin authors (hydraulicae machinae in Vitruvius). Compare French hydraulique.

A. adj.

1. Pertaining or relating to water (or other liquid) as conveyed through pipes or channels, esp. by mechanical means; belonging to hydraulics.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > fluid mechanics > [adjective] > relating to hydraulics or hydromechanics

hydraulic1661

hydraulical1664

hygraulic1736

hydromechanical1825

1661 Humane Industry 37 Birds on the tops of Trees, which by Hydraulic art and secret conveyances of water..are made to sing.

1729 S. Switzer Introd. Gen. Syst. Hydrostaticks & Hydraulicks 69 Nero Alexandrinus, and other Hydraulick Writers.

1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. V. 1364 A shaft moved by hydraulic power.

1860 All Year Round 21 Apr. 35 A bale of dry goods..packed by hydraulic pressure.

1898 Times 22 Aug. 6/3 Hydraulic pressure exerted against the deposits by what are known as..‘Monitors’, huge squirts... These huge jets of water strike against the mass of gravels with a force of many thousand horse-power.

a. Applied to various mechanical contrivances operated by water-power, or in which water is conveyed through pipes; e.g. a hydraulic crane, hydraulic engine, hydraulic machine, hydraulic motor. Also used in connection with liquids other than water.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines driven by specific energy source > [adjective] > by water

hydraulic1656

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > fluid mechanics > [adjective] > relating to hydraulics or hydromechanics > utilizing principles of

hydraulic1656

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Hydraulick, pertaining to Organs, or to an Instrument to draw water.

1659 J. Leak tr. I. de Caus New Inventions Water-works 30 The Pipes of the Organs in Hydrautique [sic] Instruments.

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. at Hydraulo-Pneumatical A Description of the Common Hydraulick Engine used to Quench Fire.

1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. II. 236 Hydraulic lifting jack for railway engines and carriages.

1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. IV. 1194 Hydraulic crane.

1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. IV. 1228 Hydraulic clock..by keeping up a constant flow of water, the clock will never require winding up.

b. Of a liquid: used, or suitable for use, in hydraulic brakes or other hydraulic equipment. (Not used predicatively.)

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines driven by specific energy source > [adjective] > by water > of a liquid: suitable for driving machine

hydraulic1941

1941 E. Molloy Hydraulic Equipm. 86 A valve on the master-brake cylinder..allows the hydraulic fluid to escape, under pressure, to the brake cylinder in the wheel.

1951 Adv. Chem. Ser. V. 241 Hydraulic fluids..include those made from petroleum, synthetic oils, and aqueous solutions containing antifreeze and rust inhibitors.

1967 E. R. Braithwaite Lubrication iii. 161 Fire-resistant hydraulic oils represent a class of lubricants in which there is increasing interest.

1971 Drive New Year 33/2 It is advisable to change hydraulic fluid every eighteen months or 24,000 miles.

3. Applied to substances which harden under water and so become impervious to it; as hydraulic cement, hydraulic lime, hydraulic mortar.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > types of material generally > [adjective] > quick-setting > under water

hydraulic1829

1829 Arcana of Sci. & Art 246 When the bridge of Louis XVI was constructed, much advantage was derived from mixing with the hydraulic mortar which was used, a portion of the clinkers..which had passed through the grates of the glass bottle furnace, at Meudon.

1843 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 6 157/2 Hydraulic lime will harden in a very short time.

1843 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 6 157/2 Roman cement, the most hydraulic of all mortars.

1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. I. 135 Silica is an essential element in the formation of a good hydraulic cement.

1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. IV. 1114 Hydraulic chalk cement, hardening under water in a few minutes.

1863 A. C. Ramsay Physical Geol. & Geogr. Great Brit. (1878) xii. 167 Blue argillaceous limestone, largely quarried..for hydraulic lime.

1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xx. 176 Hydraulic mortars, which harden under water.

B. n.

†1. A hydraulic organ: see A. 2. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > types of organ > [noun] > water-organ

water organa1387

hydraulicon1570

hydraulic1626

hydraulus1874

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §102 The Sounds that produce Tones..such are the Percussions of Mettall, as in Bels;..And of Water, as in the Nightingals Pipes of Regalls, or Organs, and other Hydraulicks; which the Ancients had..but are now lost.

1661 Humane Industry 109 He used onely warm water to give them motion and sound. Such Hydraulics are frequent in Italy.

a. Short for hydraulic engine, hydraulic press n., etc. (see sense A. 2).

ΚΠ

1729 S. Switzer Introd. Gen. Syst. Hydrostaticks & Hydraulicks 347 The Hydraulick or Engine before mentioned, and its Effects, being thus explain'd.

1890 W. J. Gordon Foundry 157 The hydraulic is again brought into play, and with a pair of huge pincers the rivets are nipped and finished.

b. Applied hydraulic force.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > fluid mechanics > [noun] > hydraulics or hydromechanics > applied hydraulic force

water pressure1800

hydraulic1890

1890 W. J. Gordon Foundry 63 Great is the power of hydraulic! Here is a hole..squeezed out of a slab of steel with no more fuss than if the steel were piecrust!

Compounds

hydraulic belt n. an endless woollen band passing over rollers for raising water by absorption and compression.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > for raising water

well bucket1477

flail?a1500

kettle-mill1570

scoop1580

water engine1611

chain-pumpa1618

cochlea1648

water-screw1648

engine1652

bucket-fountain1663

chain1682

noria1696

tub-engine1702

tub-gin1702

well-pole1727

screw engine1729

rag1747

rag pump1747

swape1773

picotah1780

water balance1800

ram1801

well sweep1818

shadoof1836

hydraulic belt1856

water carrier1875

bailer1883

trip-bucket1926

1856 S. C. Brees Terms & Rules Archit. Hydraulic belt, an endless double band, formed of woollen cloth, for raising water.

Categories »

hydraulic block n. Shipbuilding a hydraulic lifting-press made to occupy the place of a building-block beneath the keel of a vessel in a repairing-dock, so as to raise the vessel when needed.

hydraulic brake n. (a) a brake that utilizes the resistance to motion experienced by a piston or rotor in a chamber full of liquid; also, a hydraulic buffer; (b) a brake that operates by means of friction but is actuated hydraulically; (c) a dynamometer that works on the principle of the hydraulic brake (sense (a)).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > instrument measuring > specific

hydraulic brake1874

rolling road1962

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > brake > types of

friction-brake1874

hydraulic brake1874

band-brake1889

magnetic brake1899

strap brake1902

solenoid brake1914

anti-lock1968

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [noun] > parts of vehicle moving on wheels > devices to retard or stop motion > brake or braking apparatus > types of

handbrake1841

rubber1850

air brake1857

disc brake1865

power brake1865

hydraulic brake1874

vacuum-brake1875

rim brake1876

drum brake1882

sand brakea1884

calliper brake1904

rheostatic brake1920

callipers1972

1874 Engineering 11 Sept. 194/3 (heading) Hydraulic brakes.

1894 J. A. Ewing Steam-engine ix. 269 Many governors are furnished with a dash-pot, which is a hydraulic or pneumatic brake, consisting of a piston connected to the governor, working loosely in a cylinder which is filled with oil or with water.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 897/1 The buffer-stop to be seen in terminal railway stations, and the hydraulic brakes of quick-firing guns, are examples.

1959 [see hydraulic buffer n.].

1962 D. J. Myatt Machine Design i. 151 Because braking torque is a function of speed of rotation of the brake rotor, electric and hydraulic brakes should not be depended upon to hold a load stationary.

b.1875 Engineering 8 Jan. 29/1 The hydraulic brake comprises a pump, a cistern, and an accumulator for collecting and storing the power, a regulator, and apparatus for applying that power in retarding the speed of the train.1876 J. W. Barry Railway Appliances vii. 286 In the hydraulic break the pressure on the pistons is derived from the pressure of a small hydraulic accumulator.1924 J. C. Wright & F. C. Smith Automotive Constr. & Operation xiv. 331 Several cars have adopted the hydraulic-brake system for all four wheels.1963 D. V. W. Francis Morris Minor i. 11/1 Lockheed hydraulic brakes operate on 7-in. brake drums.c.1890 Minutes Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers 99 169 At the same meeting, Mr. William Froude gave an account of his hydraulic brake, for measuring the power of large engines.1925 A. W. Judge Automobile Engines i. vi. 170 The Froude hydraulic brake..is now largely employed for automobile engine tests. In this case the power is absorbed by hydraulic resistance.

hydraulic brush n. a brush with a hose connection through its handle whereby it discharges water upon the surface scrubbed.

hydraulic buffer n. a device for checking the recoil of a mounted gun, consisting of a piston in a cylinder filled with liquid.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > parts and fittings of firearms > [noun] > recoil gear > types of

coiler rope1600

pintle1644

pintail1794

compressor1859

hydraulic buffer1871

butt pad1884

recuperator1889

shovel1899

check rope1918

1871 G. E. Voyle Dict. Artillery Terms (ed. 2) 45/1 The Hydraulic Buffer.

1876 G. E. Voyle & G. de Saint-Clair-Stevenson Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) 54/2 Where guns are mounted on carriages and platforms fitted for hydraulic buffers, the buffer will invariably be kept on the platform filled with the proper quantity of oil.

1959 Chambers's Encycl. VI. 646/1 A hydraulic buffer or brake consists of a cylinder filled with liquid, a piston and a piston rod.

hydraulic condenser n. [condenser n. 4c] the chamber in which gas is cooled.

hydraulic dock n. a floating dock (see floating dock at dock n.³ 4a), on which a vessel is raised for examination and repairs.

hydraulic elevator n. (also hydraulic lift) a lift or hoist worked by hydraulic power.

hydraulic engineer n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > engineer > [noun] > hydraulic

water engineer1662

hydraulic engineer1838

hydraulist1847

hydraulician1882

1838 Penny Cycl. XII. 382/1 Besides the construction of harbours for ships, the formation of the aqueducts which supplied the cities with water must have constituted an important part of the duties of the hydraulic engineer among the antients.

1916 J. Park Text.-bk. Pract. Hydraulics p. x A valuable work of reference for all hydraulic engineers.

hydraulic engineering n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > engineering > [noun] > branches of

waterwork?a1560

civil engineeringc1770

water engineering1787

millwrighting1821

engineering science1826

hydraulic engineering1835

river engineering1842

structural engineering1859

industrial engineering1860

chemical engineering1861

sanitary engineering1868

biological engineering1898

control engineering1914

radio engineering1915

environmental engineering1946

systems engineering1946

bioengineering1950

value engineering1959

biomedical engineering1961

geoengineering1962

macro-engineering1964

microengineering1964

terotechnology1970

hydroengineering1971

civil1975

mechatronics1976

knowledge engineering1977

1835 Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1834 473 Practical works in hydraulic engineering of great magnitude and extent have been carried on in England.

1858 G. R. Burnell Rudiments Hydraulic Engin. I. i. 1 Hydraulic Engineering will be considered to include..questions connected with building in water.

1858 G. R. Burnell Rudiments Hydraulic Engin. I. i. 2 Hydraulic engineering is principally confined to the operations in which water acts as an incompressible fluid.

1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 427/1 Hydraulic engineering, that branch of engineering chiefly concerned in the design and production of hydraulic machinery, pumping plants, pipelines, etc.

1956 A. H. Compton Atomic Quest ii. 106 His..degree in hydraulic engineering at the University of Iowa.

hydraulic gradient n. (a line representing) the variation along a pipe or channel of the head due to elevation and pressure in a liquid flowing along it.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of flowing > [noun] > rate of flow > measurement of flow pressure > representation of variation in

hydraulic gradient1881

1881 Encycl. Brit. XII. 484/2 Hence [the line] CD is termed the virtual slope or hydraulic gradient of the pipe.

1935 A. J. Martin Work of Sanitary Engin. viii. 92 If a series of open-ended vertical pipes were carried up from the main at intervals, the water would rise in each of them up to the line of the hydraulic gradient.

1951 W. L. Russell Princ. Petroleum Geol. xii. 212 By using..high hydraulic gradients, oil globules and gas bubbles may be forced through these sandstones.

hydraulic indicator n. a gauge indicating hydraulic pressure.

hydraulic intensifier n. a device for obtaining an increase in pressure in a hydraulic system, usually comprising two cylinders of different diameters containing pistons that are joined to one another.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > other parts > [noun] > parts for transmitting or increasing pressure

pressure pad1855

intensifier1892

hydraulic intensifier1899

1899 G. D. Hiscox Mech. Movements vii. 153 Hydraulic intensifier.—High pressure obtained from low pressure by differential pistons.

1962 A. C. Walshaw & D. A. Jobson Mech. Fluids ii. 32 A 100 ton press with a 12 in. stroke is to be operated from a main in which the pressure is 40 lbf/in² gauge, via a hydraulic intensifier with a 4 ft stroke.

hydraulic jump n. an abrupt change from a fast, shallow flow to a slower, deeper flow at some point in a liquid flowing in an open channel.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > [noun] > abrupt change in rate of flow

hydraulic jump1922

1922 H. E. Babbitt Sewerage & Sewage Treatm. iv. 74 The hydraulic jump will occur when a high velocity of flow is interrupted by an obstruction in the channel, by a change in grade of the invert, or the approach of the velocity to the ‘critical’ velocity.

1969 Chia-Shun Yih Fluid Mech. v. 226 Tidal bores observed in estuaries are hydraulic jumps propagating against flowing water.

hydraulic main n. in gas-works, a large pipe containing water, and receiving the pipes from the several retorts, which dip below the surface of the water so that the raw gas passes through the water and is partly purified on its way to the condenser.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > workplace > places for working with specific materials > place for working with oil or gas > [noun] > gasworks > large pipe in

hydraulic main1838

1838 Penny Cycl. XI. 87/1 A much larger pipe, technically called the hydraulic main, which..receives the gas produced from all the retorts.

hydraulic mean depth n. a length equal to the cross-sectional area of the liquid in a channel or pipe divided by the length of the wetted perimeter.

ΚΠ

1797 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 891/1 Column 1..contains the hydraulic mean depths of any conduit in inches... The column is continued to 100 inches, which is fully equal to the hydraulic mean depth of any canal.

1829 Nat. Philos. (Libr. Useful Knowl.) I. vi. 5/2 Suppose the whole quantity of water to be spread on a horizontal surface, equal in extent to the bottom and sides of the river, when the height at which the water would so stand is called the hydraulic mean depth.

1930 Engineering 7 Feb. 180/1 By means of the following table, maximum scour can be calculated from calculated values of the hydraulic mean depth.

hydraulic mining n. a method of mining in which the force of a powerful jet of water is used to wear down a bed of auriferous gravel or earth, and to carry the debris to the sluices where the particles of gold are separated.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [noun] > other specific types of mining

shoading1778

nuggeting1852

placer mining1852

reefing1859

hydraulic mining1873

stripping1874

drift mining1877

gouging1877

hydraulicking1880

open-working1881

strip mining1935

horizon mining1947

roadheading1969

1873 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining xvii. 390 Hydraulic mining in California—The origin of this branch of mining dates back as far as the spring of 1852.

Categories »

hydraulic organ n. an ancient musical instrument in which water was used in some way, probably to regulate the pressure of the air.

hydraulic press n. = hydrostatic press n. at hydrostatic adj. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for altering dimensions > [noun] > press > hydraulic

hydrostatic press1797

water press1802

Bramah's press1846

hydraulic press1851

wheel-press1875

1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. II. 210 Hydraulic presses of various kinds..among them the vast machine which was employed to lift the Brittannia tube into its place.

hydraulic radius n. = hydraulic mean depth n.

ΚΠ

1876 L. D'A. Jackson tr. W. R. Kutter Mean Velocity of Discharge of Rivers i. 2 r is the mean hydraulic radius, or the quotient of the water section by the wetted perimeter.

1948 D. W. Taylor Fund. Soil Mech. vi. 109 The ratio of volume to surface area of flow channel may be used as an alternative definition of hydraulic radius.

hydraulic ram n. an automatic pump in which the kinetic energy of a descending column of water in a pipe is used to raise some of the water to a height above that of its original source; also applied to the lifting piston of a hydrostatic press.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > hydraulic

ram1801

water ram1806

hydraulic ram1808

water balance1843

1808 Young in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 99 22 As a stream of water strikes on the valve of the hydraulic ram.

hydraulic valve n. a valve formed by an inverted cup placed with its edge under water over the upturned open end of a pipe, so as to close the pipe against the passage of air.

hydraulic wheel n. a wheel for raising water by applied power.

Draft additions 1993

hydraulic fracturing n. the process of fracturing subterranean rock by the injection of water into existing fissures at high pressure, usually in order to facilitate the passage of some fluid (esp. oil or gas) through an otherwise impermeable barrier; an instance of this; also called fracking.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > drilling for oil or gas > [noun] > forcing in water or fluid

water injection1795

water drive1917

water flooding1926

repressuring1927

water flood1928

hydraulic fracturing1948

fracking1953

sandfrac1953

sandfracing1957

hydrofracturing1972

1948 Oil & Gas Jrnl. 14 Oct. 76/2 The hydraulic fracturing process, ‘Hydrafrac’, shows distinct promise of increasing production rates from wells producing from any type of formation.

1968 E. Teller et al. Constructive Uses Nucl. Explosives vi. 251 Hydraulic fracturing..is accomplished by pumping a fluid into the formation under sufficient pressure to fracture the formation in the vicinity of the well bore.

1989 D. Mader Hydraulic Proppant Fracturing p. xxxi The effect of a tail-in terminal stage in hydraulic fracturing..is comparable to that of a gravel pack.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	hydraulic
释义	hydraulicadj.n. /hʌɪˈdrɔːlɪk//hʌɪˈdrɒlɪk/ Etymology: < Latin hydraulicus, < Greek ὑδραυλικός, < ὕδωρ, ὑδρ- water + αὐλός pipe. In Greek ὑδραυλικὸν ὄργανον denoted a kind of musical instrument played by means of water (also called ὕδραυλις, ὕδραυλος); the extension of the word to other kinds of water-engines is first found in Latin authors (hydraulicae machinae in Vitruvius). Compare French hydraulique. A. adj. 1. Pertaining or relating to water (or other liquid) as conveyed through pipes or channels, esp. by mechanical means; belonging to hydraulics. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > mechanics > fluid mechanics > [adjective] > relating to hydraulics or hydromechanics hydraulic1661 hydraulical1664 hygraulic1736 hydromechanical1825 1661 Humane Industry 37 Birds on the tops of Trees, which by Hydraulic art and secret conveyances of water..are made to sing. 1729 S. Switzer Introd. Gen. Syst. Hydrostaticks & Hydraulicks 69 Nero Alexandrinus, and other Hydraulick Writers. 1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. V. 1364 A shaft moved by hydraulic power. 1860 All Year Round 21 Apr. 35 A bale of dry goods..packed by hydraulic pressure. 1898 Times 22 Aug. 6/3 Hydraulic pressure exerted against the deposits by what are known as..‘Monitors’, huge squirts... These huge jets of water strike against the mass of gravels with a force of many thousand horse-power. 2. a. Applied to various mechanical contrivances operated by water-power, or in which water is conveyed through pipes; e.g. a hydraulic crane, hydraulic engine, hydraulic machine, hydraulic motor. Also used in connection with liquids other than water. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines driven by specific energy source > [adjective] > by water hydraulic1656 the world > matter > physics > mechanics > fluid mechanics > [adjective] > relating to hydraulics or hydromechanics > utilizing principles of hydraulic1656 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Hydraulick, pertaining to Organs, or to an Instrument to draw water. 1659 J. Leak tr. I. de Caus New Inventions Water-works 30 The Pipes of the Organs in Hydrautique [sic] Instruments. 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. at Hydraulo-Pneumatical A Description of the Common Hydraulick Engine used to Quench Fire. 1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. II. 236 Hydraulic lifting jack for railway engines and carriages. 1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. IV. 1194 Hydraulic crane. 1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. IV. 1228 Hydraulic clock..by keeping up a constant flow of water, the clock will never require winding up. b. Of a liquid: used, or suitable for use, in hydraulic brakes or other hydraulic equipment. (Not used predicatively.) ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines driven by specific energy source > [adjective] > by water > of a liquid: suitable for driving machine hydraulic1941 1941 E. Molloy Hydraulic Equipm. 86 A valve on the master-brake cylinder..allows the hydraulic fluid to escape, under pressure, to the brake cylinder in the wheel. 1951 Adv. Chem. Ser. V. 241 Hydraulic fluids..include those made from petroleum, synthetic oils, and aqueous solutions containing antifreeze and rust inhibitors. 1967 E. R. Braithwaite Lubrication iii. 161 Fire-resistant hydraulic oils represent a class of lubricants in which there is increasing interest. 1971 Drive New Year 33/2 It is advisable to change hydraulic fluid every eighteen months or 24,000 miles. 3. Applied to substances which harden under water and so become impervious to it; as hydraulic cement, hydraulic lime, hydraulic mortar. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > types of material generally > [adjective] > quick-setting > under water hydraulic1829 1829 Arcana of Sci. & Art 246 When the bridge of Louis XVI was constructed, much advantage was derived from mixing with the hydraulic mortar which was used, a portion of the clinkers..which had passed through the grates of the glass bottle furnace, at Meudon. 1843 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 6 157/2 Hydraulic lime will harden in a very short time. 1843 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 6 157/2 Roman cement, the most hydraulic of all mortars. 1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. I. 135 Silica is an essential element in the formation of a good hydraulic cement. 1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. IV. 1114 Hydraulic chalk cement, hardening under water in a few minutes. 1863 A. C. Ramsay Physical Geol. & Geogr. Great Brit. (1878) xii. 167 Blue argillaceous limestone, largely quarried..for hydraulic lime. 1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xx. 176 Hydraulic mortars, which harden under water. B. n. †1. A hydraulic organ: see A. 2. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > types of organ > [noun] > water-organ water organa1387 hydraulicon1570 hydraulic1626 hydraulus1874 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §102 The Sounds that produce Tones..such are the Percussions of Mettall, as in Bels;..And of Water, as in the Nightingals Pipes of Regalls, or Organs, and other Hydraulicks; which the Ancients had..but are now lost. 1661 Humane Industry 109 He used onely warm water to give them motion and sound. Such Hydraulics are frequent in Italy. 2. a. Short for hydraulic engine, hydraulic press n., etc. (see sense A. 2). ΚΠ 1729 S. Switzer Introd. Gen. Syst. Hydrostaticks & Hydraulicks 347 The Hydraulick or Engine before mentioned, and its Effects, being thus explain'd. 1890 W. J. Gordon Foundry 157 The hydraulic is again brought into play, and with a pair of huge pincers the rivets are nipped and finished. b. Applied hydraulic force. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > mechanics > fluid mechanics > [noun] > hydraulics or hydromechanics > applied hydraulic force water pressure1800 hydraulic1890 1890 W. J. Gordon Foundry 63 Great is the power of hydraulic! Here is a hole..squeezed out of a slab of steel with no more fuss than if the steel were piecrust! Compounds hydraulic belt n. an endless woollen band passing over rollers for raising water by absorption and compression. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > for raising water well bucket1477 flail?a1500 kettle-mill1570 scoop1580 water engine1611 chain-pumpa1618 cochlea1648 water-screw1648 engine1652 bucket-fountain1663 chain1682 noria1696 tub-engine1702 tub-gin1702 well-pole1727 screw engine1729 rag1747 rag pump1747 swape1773 picotah1780 water balance1800 ram1801 well sweep1818 shadoof1836 hydraulic belt1856 water carrier1875 bailer1883 trip-bucket1926 1856 S. C. Brees Terms & Rules Archit. Hydraulic belt, an endless double band, formed of woollen cloth, for raising water. Categories » hydraulic block n. Shipbuilding a hydraulic lifting-press made to occupy the place of a building-block beneath the keel of a vessel in a repairing-dock, so as to raise the vessel when needed. hydraulic brake n. (a) a brake that utilizes the resistance to motion experienced by a piston or rotor in a chamber full of liquid; also, a hydraulic buffer; (b) a brake that operates by means of friction but is actuated hydraulically; (c) a dynamometer that works on the principle of the hydraulic brake (sense (a)). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > instrument measuring > specific hydraulic brake1874 rolling road1962 society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > brake > types of friction-brake1874 hydraulic brake1874 band-brake1889 magnetic brake1899 strap brake1902 solenoid brake1914 anti-lock1968 society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [noun] > parts of vehicle moving on wheels > devices to retard or stop motion > brake or braking apparatus > types of handbrake1841 rubber1850 air brake1857 disc brake1865 power brake1865 hydraulic brake1874 vacuum-brake1875 rim brake1876 drum brake1882 sand brakea1884 calliper brake1904 rheostatic brake1920 callipers1972 a. 1874 Engineering 11 Sept. 194/3 (heading) Hydraulic brakes. 1894 J. A. Ewing Steam-engine ix. 269 Many governors are furnished with a dash-pot, which is a hydraulic or pneumatic brake, consisting of a piston connected to the governor, working loosely in a cylinder which is filled with oil or with water. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 897/1 The buffer-stop to be seen in terminal railway stations, and the hydraulic brakes of quick-firing guns, are examples. 1959 [see hydraulic buffer n.]. 1962 D. J. Myatt Machine Design i. 151 Because braking torque is a function of speed of rotation of the brake rotor, electric and hydraulic brakes should not be depended upon to hold a load stationary. b.1875 Engineering 8 Jan. 29/1 The hydraulic brake comprises a pump, a cistern, and an accumulator for collecting and storing the power, a regulator, and apparatus for applying that power in retarding the speed of the train.1876 J. W. Barry Railway Appliances vii. 286 In the hydraulic break the pressure on the pistons is derived from the pressure of a small hydraulic accumulator.1924 J. C. Wright & F. C. Smith Automotive Constr. & Operation xiv. 331 Several cars have adopted the hydraulic-brake system for all four wheels.1963 D. V. W. Francis Morris Minor i. 11/1 Lockheed hydraulic brakes operate on 7-in. brake drums.c.1890 Minutes Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers 99 169 At the same meeting, Mr. William Froude gave an account of his hydraulic brake, for measuring the power of large engines.1925 A. W. Judge Automobile Engines i. vi. 170 The Froude hydraulic brake..is now largely employed for automobile engine tests. In this case the power is absorbed by hydraulic resistance. hydraulic brush n. a brush with a hose connection through its handle whereby it discharges water upon the surface scrubbed. hydraulic buffer n. a device for checking the recoil of a mounted gun, consisting of a piston in a cylinder filled with liquid. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > parts and fittings of firearms > [noun] > recoil gear > types of coiler rope1600 pintle1644 pintail1794 compressor1859 hydraulic buffer1871 butt pad1884 recuperator1889 shovel1899 check rope1918 1871 G. E. Voyle Dict. Artillery Terms (ed. 2) 45/1 The Hydraulic Buffer. 1876 G. E. Voyle & G. de Saint-Clair-Stevenson Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) 54/2 Where guns are mounted on carriages and platforms fitted for hydraulic buffers, the buffer will invariably be kept on the platform filled with the proper quantity of oil. 1959 Chambers's Encycl. VI. 646/1 A hydraulic buffer or brake consists of a cylinder filled with liquid, a piston and a piston rod. hydraulic condenser n. [condenser n. 4c] the chamber in which gas is cooled. hydraulic dock n. a floating dock (see floating dock at dock n.³ 4a), on which a vessel is raised for examination and repairs. hydraulic elevator n. (also hydraulic lift) a lift or hoist worked by hydraulic power. hydraulic engineer n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > engineer > [noun] > hydraulic water engineer1662 hydraulic engineer1838 hydraulist1847 hydraulician1882 1838 Penny Cycl. XII. 382/1 Besides the construction of harbours for ships, the formation of the aqueducts which supplied the cities with water must have constituted an important part of the duties of the hydraulic engineer among the antients. 1916 J. Park Text.-bk. Pract. Hydraulics p. x A valuable work of reference for all hydraulic engineers. hydraulic engineering n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > engineering > [noun] > branches of waterwork?a1560 civil engineeringc1770 water engineering1787 millwrighting1821 engineering science1826 hydraulic engineering1835 river engineering1842 structural engineering1859 industrial engineering1860 chemical engineering1861 sanitary engineering1868 biological engineering1898 control engineering1914 radio engineering1915 environmental engineering1946 systems engineering1946 bioengineering1950 value engineering1959 biomedical engineering1961 geoengineering1962 macro-engineering1964 microengineering1964 terotechnology1970 hydroengineering1971 civil1975 mechatronics1976 knowledge engineering1977 1835 Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1834 473 Practical works in hydraulic engineering of great magnitude and extent have been carried on in England. 1858 G. R. Burnell Rudiments Hydraulic Engin. I. i. 1 Hydraulic Engineering will be considered to include..questions connected with building in water. 1858 G. R. Burnell Rudiments Hydraulic Engin. I. i. 2 Hydraulic engineering is principally confined to the operations in which water acts as an incompressible fluid. 1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 427/1 Hydraulic engineering, that branch of engineering chiefly concerned in the design and production of hydraulic machinery, pumping plants, pipelines, etc. 1956 A. H. Compton Atomic Quest ii. 106 His..degree in hydraulic engineering at the University of Iowa. hydraulic gradient n. (a line representing) the variation along a pipe or channel of the head due to elevation and pressure in a liquid flowing along it. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of flowing > [noun] > rate of flow > measurement of flow pressure > representation of variation in hydraulic gradient1881 1881 Encycl. Brit. XII. 484/2 Hence [the line] CD is termed the virtual slope or hydraulic gradient of the pipe. 1935 A. J. Martin Work of Sanitary Engin. viii. 92 If a series of open-ended vertical pipes were carried up from the main at intervals, the water would rise in each of them up to the line of the hydraulic gradient. 1951 W. L. Russell Princ. Petroleum Geol. xii. 212 By using..high hydraulic gradients, oil globules and gas bubbles may be forced through these sandstones. hydraulic indicator n. a gauge indicating hydraulic pressure. hydraulic intensifier n. a device for obtaining an increase in pressure in a hydraulic system, usually comprising two cylinders of different diameters containing pistons that are joined to one another. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > other parts > [noun] > parts for transmitting or increasing pressure pressure pad1855 intensifier1892 hydraulic intensifier1899 1899 G. D. Hiscox Mech. Movements vii. 153 Hydraulic intensifier.—High pressure obtained from low pressure by differential pistons. 1962 A. C. Walshaw & D. A. Jobson Mech. Fluids ii. 32 A 100 ton press with a 12 in. stroke is to be operated from a main in which the pressure is 40 lbf/in² gauge, via a hydraulic intensifier with a 4 ft stroke. hydraulic jump n. an abrupt change from a fast, shallow flow to a slower, deeper flow at some point in a liquid flowing in an open channel. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > [noun] > abrupt change in rate of flow hydraulic jump1922 1922 H. E. Babbitt Sewerage & Sewage Treatm. iv. 74 The hydraulic jump will occur when a high velocity of flow is interrupted by an obstruction in the channel, by a change in grade of the invert, or the approach of the velocity to the ‘critical’ velocity. 1969 Chia-Shun Yih Fluid Mech. v. 226 Tidal bores observed in estuaries are hydraulic jumps propagating against flowing water. hydraulic main n. in gas-works, a large pipe containing water, and receiving the pipes from the several retorts, which dip below the surface of the water so that the raw gas passes through the water and is partly purified on its way to the condenser. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > workplace > places for working with specific materials > place for working with oil or gas > [noun] > gasworks > large pipe in hydraulic main1838 1838 Penny Cycl. XI. 87/1 A much larger pipe, technically called the hydraulic main, which..receives the gas produced from all the retorts. hydraulic mean depth n. a length equal to the cross-sectional area of the liquid in a channel or pipe divided by the length of the wetted perimeter. ΚΠ 1797 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 891/1 Column 1..contains the hydraulic mean depths of any conduit in inches... The column is continued to 100 inches, which is fully equal to the hydraulic mean depth of any canal. 1829 Nat. Philos. (Libr. Useful Knowl.) I. vi. 5/2 Suppose the whole quantity of water to be spread on a horizontal surface, equal in extent to the bottom and sides of the river, when the height at which the water would so stand is called the hydraulic mean depth. 1930 Engineering 7 Feb. 180/1 By means of the following table, maximum scour can be calculated from calculated values of the hydraulic mean depth. hydraulic mining n. a method of mining in which the force of a powerful jet of water is used to wear down a bed of auriferous gravel or earth, and to carry the debris to the sluices where the particles of gold are separated. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [noun] > other specific types of mining shoading1778 nuggeting1852 placer mining1852 reefing1859 hydraulic mining1873 stripping1874 drift mining1877 gouging1877 hydraulicking1880 open-working1881 strip mining1935 horizon mining1947 roadheading1969 1873 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining xvii. 390 Hydraulic mining in California—The origin of this branch of mining dates back as far as the spring of 1852. Categories » hydraulic organ n. an ancient musical instrument in which water was used in some way, probably to regulate the pressure of the air. hydraulic press n. = hydrostatic press n. at hydrostatic adj. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for altering dimensions > [noun] > press > hydraulic hydrostatic press1797 water press1802 Bramah's press1846 hydraulic press1851 wheel-press1875 1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. II. 210 Hydraulic presses of various kinds..among them the vast machine which was employed to lift the Brittannia tube into its place. hydraulic radius n. = hydraulic mean depth n. ΚΠ 1876 L. D'A. Jackson tr. W. R. Kutter Mean Velocity of Discharge of Rivers i. 2 r is the mean hydraulic radius, or the quotient of the water section by the wetted perimeter. 1948 D. W. Taylor Fund. Soil Mech. vi. 109 The ratio of volume to surface area of flow channel may be used as an alternative definition of hydraulic radius. hydraulic ram n. an automatic pump in which the kinetic energy of a descending column of water in a pipe is used to raise some of the water to a height above that of its original source; also applied to the lifting piston of a hydrostatic press. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > hydraulic ram1801 water ram1806 hydraulic ram1808 water balance1843 1808 Young in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 99 22 As a stream of water strikes on the valve of the hydraulic ram. hydraulic valve n. a valve formed by an inverted cup placed with its edge under water over the upturned open end of a pipe, so as to close the pipe against the passage of air. hydraulic wheel n. a wheel for raising water by applied power. Draft additions 1993 hydraulic fracturing n. the process of fracturing subterranean rock by the injection of water into existing fissures at high pressure, usually in order to facilitate the passage of some fluid (esp. oil or gas) through an otherwise impermeable barrier; an instance of this; also called fracking. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > drilling for oil or gas > [noun] > forcing in water or fluid water injection1795 water drive1917 water flooding1926 repressuring1927 water flood1928 hydraulic fracturing1948 fracking1953 sandfrac1953 sandfracing1957 hydrofracturing1972 1948 Oil & Gas Jrnl. 14 Oct. 76/2 The hydraulic fracturing process, ‘Hydrafrac’, shows distinct promise of increasing production rates from wells producing from any type of formation. 1968 E. Teller et al. Constructive Uses Nucl. Explosives vi. 251 Hydraulic fracturing..is accomplished by pumping a fluid into the formation under sufficient pressure to fracture the formation in the vicinity of the well bore. 1989 D. Mader Hydraulic Proppant Fracturing p. xxxi The effect of a tail-in terminal stage in hydraulic fracturing..is comparable to that of a gravel pack. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online June 2022). hydraulicv. /hʌɪˈdrɔːlɪk//hʌɪˈdrɒlɪk/ Etymology: < hydraulic in hydraulic mining. U.S. transitive. To work or obtain by the methods of hydraulic mining. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (transitive)] > by specific method opencast1764 hydraulic1868 strip mine1934 1868 J. R. Browne Rep. Mineral Resources States West of Rocky Mts. 94 in Rep. Mineral Resources U.S. (U.S. Dept. of Treasury) They can hydraulic away about 300 feet along the face of their Claim, but beyond that the hill is too deep to pay for piping. 1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. at Hydraulicking Most of the water..is used, as is said, to hydraulic, that is, to wash banks of auriferous earth by throwing a stream of water upon them through a hose and pipe. 1892 C. F. Lummis Tramp across Continent viii. 122 To run a fifteen-mile pipe-line from the Sandias to Golden, and thus bring water to hydraulic the enormous areas of gold-bearing gravel. 1904 J. Lynch Three Years Klondike (1967) ix. 127 Those grounds can only be dredged or hydraulicked. 1908 W. R. Crane Gold & Silver v. 379 In 1903 the Crown Mountain Mining Company..hydrauliced the material in sluices to a 60-stamp mill. 1928 W. A. Chalfant Outposts Civilization 42 From which it was said the owner hydraulicked $90,000 worth of gold. Derivatives hyˈdraulicing n. (also hy'draulicking) ΚΠ 1880 G. T. Ingham Digging Gold ix. 243 Two steam pumps have been..forcing water from French Creek up to these dry diggings for hydraulicing. 1965 Mineral Facts & Problems (U.S. Bureau of Mines) 231 Some kaolin deposits are mined by hydraulicking. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.n.1626v.1868
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hydraulicadj.n.

Compounds

Draft additions 1993

hydraulicv.

Derivatives