hybridizev.

/ˈhʌɪbrɪdʌɪz/

/ˈhɪbrɪdʌɪz/

Etymology: < hybrid n. and adj. + -ize suffix.

a. transitive. To subject (species or varieties of plants or animals) to cross-breeding; to cause to interbreed and thus to produce hybrids.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [verb (transitive)] > cross

mella1387

cross-breed1675

mix1740

cross1754

hybridize1845

mongrelize1859

interbreed1865

outbreed1888

back-cross1904

outcross1918

1845 Florist's Jrnl. 6 258 Suited to the purposes of hybridising.

1849 Florist 201 This [sameness] led enterprising cultivators to hybridise the sorts they possessed.

1856 ‘E. S. Delamer’ Flower Garden 53 The produce therefrom [a large bed] is completely hybridized by the agency of the wind and of bees.

b. To form or construct (words) in a hybrid manner ( Cent. Dict.).

c. Physical Chemistry. To combine (atomic orbitals) mathematically so as to obtain hybrid orbitals.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > other processes > [verb (transitive)] > hybridization

hybridize1933

1933 [implied in: Jrnl. Chem. Physics 1 502 The valence orbital..could be of the strongly hybridized type. (at hybridized adj.)].

1939 L. Pauling Nature Chem. Bond iii. 96 It is found on hybridizing these orbitals that four strong bonds directed to the corners of a square can be formed.

1962 F. A. Cotton & G. Wilkinson Adv. Inorg. Chem. iii. 67 The s and the three p orbitals are hybridized to produce four sp³ hybrids.

d. Biochemistry. To cause (a subunit of a macromolecule) to combine with, or become attached to, a complementary subunit of the same or a very similar molecular species from a different source; to cause (two such subunits) to combine together.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > subject to chemical reactions or processes [verb (transitive)] > subject to named chemical reaction or process > subject to miscellaneous other processes

reduce?a1425

weaken1540

projecta1550

brown1570

spiritualize1593

colliquate1603

redisperse1621

imbibe1626

educe1651

to cant off1658

part1663

regalize1664

dint1669

roche1679

subtilizea1722

neutralize1744

develop1756

evolve1772

extricate1790

separate1805

unburn1815

leach1860

methylate1864

nitrate1872

nitre1880

sweeten1885

deflocculate1909

hybridize1959

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > chemical processes or reactions > biochemical reactions and processes > biochemical processes [verb (transitive)] > hybridization

hybridize1959

1959 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 81 3169/1 When labelled and unlabelled hemoglobins are hybridized, the hybrids contain both labelled and unlabelled chains.

1965 Jrnl. Molecular Biol. 12 829 The procedure involves immobilizing denatured DNA on nitrocellulose membrane filters, hybridizing complementary RNA to the membrane~fixed DNA, and eliminating RNA ‘noise’.

1966 H. Lehmann & R. G. Huntsman Man's Haemoglobins xxi. 226 When canine haemoglobin and human haemoglobin are hybridised together, the new hybrids that result differ considerably in their mobility.

1969 Nature 10 May 573/1 100 μg of RNA was hybridized with 50 μg of DNA.

1972 Arch. Biochem. & Biophysics 150 407 Phosphofructokinases from rabbit muscle and rabbit liver were hybridized by dissociation at low pH followed by recombination at neutrality.

1972 S. L. Wolfe Biol. Cell ix. 199/1 The best evidence that transcription is asymmetric comes from experiments in which RNA is hybridized with its DNA template... The RNA will form hybrid double helices with no more than 50 percent of its template DNA... Thus the RNA is complementary to only one of the two DNA strands, and only one..serves as a template for RNA transcription.

2. intransitive.

a. To produce a hybrid or hybrids between two distinct species or varieties.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [verb (intransitive)] > cross > produce a hybrid

hybridize1853

1853 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 73 131 He grafted, and budded, and hybridised, and experimented.

1885 Manch. Examiner 23 Feb. 5/4 His attempts to hybridise with the other tuberous species have failed.

b. Of an animal or plant: To produce hybrid offspring by crossing with another species or variety; to cross or interbreed.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [verb (intransitive)] > cross

mix1740

cross18..

intercross1859

hybridize1865

outcross1949

outbreed1962

1865 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1862–4 9 119 Its [sc. sorghum's] disposition to hybridize with broom-corn.

1880 Chamb. Encycl. at Canary The canary hybridizes readily with some other species of finch.

c. Biochemistry. Of a protein or nucleic acid: to exchange complementary subunits in hybridization (sense 1d). Const. with (or to).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > undergo chemical reactions or processes [verb (intransitive)] > undergo chemical reactions or processes (named) > undergo miscellaneous other processes

re-embody1654

depart1704

effervesce1747

bump1848

creep1888

olate1931

hybridize1962

1962 Science 21 Dec. 1331/2 Their sequences are unique, since they hybridize readily only to homologous DNA.

1965 Jrnl. Molecular Biol. 12 830 RNA molecules possessing an extensive secondary structure will not hybridize until their own melting temperature is approached.

1969 Times 16 May 14/7 Each kind of RNA chemically recombines or hybridizes with the DNA segment off which it was copied.

1971 Biochemistry (Easton, Pa.) X. 3509/2 Hexokinases A and B can hybridize in 0·1 m sodium phosphate solution at pH values near 8.

1972 S. L. Wolfe Biol. Cell ix. 206/2 For example, rRNA from Drosophila will hybridize to some degree with chick DNA or vice versa, even though there are wide differences in base composition of the total DNA complement from the two species.

3. figurative (transitive).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being mixed or blended > mix or blend [verb (transitive)] > two diverse elements

hybridize1964

1964 M. McLuhan Understanding Media v. 50 With literacy now about to hybridize the cultures of the Chinese, the Indians, and the Africans.

1971 Nature 24 Sept. 241/2 In the more remote future it may well be, when further improvements in the combustion intensity of low grade fuel mixtures are required, that they will be achieved by hybridizing the high and low temperature branches.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2019).

单词	hybridize
释义	hybridizev. /ˈhʌɪbrɪdʌɪz//ˈhɪbrɪdʌɪz/ Etymology: < hybrid n. and adj. + -ize suffix. 1. a. transitive. To subject (species or varieties of plants or animals) to cross-breeding; to cause to interbreed and thus to produce hybrids. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [verb (transitive)] > cross mella1387 cross-breed1675 mix1740 cross1754 hybridize1845 mongrelize1859 interbreed1865 outbreed1888 back-cross1904 outcross1918 1845 Florist's Jrnl. 6 258 Suited to the purposes of hybridising. 1849 Florist 201 This [sameness] led enterprising cultivators to hybridise the sorts they possessed. 1856 ‘E. S. Delamer’ Flower Garden 53 The produce therefrom [a large bed] is completely hybridized by the agency of the wind and of bees. b. To form or construct (words) in a hybrid manner ( Cent. Dict.). c. Physical Chemistry. To combine (atomic orbitals) mathematically so as to obtain hybrid orbitals. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > other processes > [verb (transitive)] > hybridization hybridize1933 1933 [implied in: Jrnl. Chem. Physics 1 502 The valence orbital..could be of the strongly hybridized type. (at hybridized adj.)]. 1939 L. Pauling Nature Chem. Bond iii. 96 It is found on hybridizing these orbitals that four strong bonds directed to the corners of a square can be formed. 1962 F. A. Cotton & G. Wilkinson Adv. Inorg. Chem. iii. 67 The s and the three p orbitals are hybridized to produce four sp³ hybrids. d. Biochemistry. To cause (a subunit of a macromolecule) to combine with, or become attached to, a complementary subunit of the same or a very similar molecular species from a different source; to cause (two such subunits) to combine together. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > subject to chemical reactions or processes [verb (transitive)] > subject to named chemical reaction or process > subject to miscellaneous other processes reduce?a1425 weaken1540 projecta1550 brown1570 spiritualize1593 colliquate1603 redisperse1621 imbibe1626 educe1651 to cant off1658 part1663 regalize1664 dint1669 roche1679 subtilizea1722 neutralize1744 develop1756 evolve1772 extricate1790 separate1805 unburn1815 leach1860 methylate1864 nitrate1872 nitre1880 sweeten1885 deflocculate1909 hybridize1959 the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > chemical processes or reactions > biochemical reactions and processes > biochemical processes [verb (transitive)] > hybridization hybridize1959 1959 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 81 3169/1 When labelled and unlabelled hemoglobins are hybridized, the hybrids contain both labelled and unlabelled chains. 1965 Jrnl. Molecular Biol. 12 829 The procedure involves immobilizing denatured DNA on nitrocellulose membrane filters, hybridizing complementary RNA to the membrane~fixed DNA, and eliminating RNA ‘noise’. 1966 H. Lehmann & R. G. Huntsman Man's Haemoglobins xxi. 226 When canine haemoglobin and human haemoglobin are hybridised together, the new hybrids that result differ considerably in their mobility. 1969 Nature 10 May 573/1 100 μg of RNA was hybridized with 50 μg of DNA. 1972 Arch. Biochem. & Biophysics 150 407 Phosphofructokinases from rabbit muscle and rabbit liver were hybridized by dissociation at low pH followed by recombination at neutrality. 1972 S. L. Wolfe Biol. Cell ix. 199/1 The best evidence that transcription is asymmetric comes from experiments in which RNA is hybridized with its DNA template... The RNA will form hybrid double helices with no more than 50 percent of its template DNA... Thus the RNA is complementary to only one of the two DNA strands, and only one..serves as a template for RNA transcription. 2. intransitive. a. To produce a hybrid or hybrids between two distinct species or varieties. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [verb (intransitive)] > cross > produce a hybrid hybridize1853 1853 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 73 131 He grafted, and budded, and hybridised, and experimented. 1885 Manch. Examiner 23 Feb. 5/4 His attempts to hybridise with the other tuberous species have failed. b. Of an animal or plant: To produce hybrid offspring by crossing with another species or variety; to cross or interbreed. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [verb (intransitive)] > cross mix1740 cross18.. intercross1859 hybridize1865 outcross1949 outbreed1962 1865 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1862–4 9 119 Its [sc. sorghum's] disposition to hybridize with broom-corn. 1880 Chamb. Encycl. at Canary The canary hybridizes readily with some other species of finch. c. Biochemistry. Of a protein or nucleic acid: to exchange complementary subunits in hybridization (sense 1d). Const. with (or to). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > undergo chemical reactions or processes [verb (intransitive)] > undergo chemical reactions or processes (named) > undergo miscellaneous other processes re-embody1654 depart1704 effervesce1747 bump1848 creep1888 olate1931 hybridize1962 1962 Science 21 Dec. 1331/2 Their sequences are unique, since they hybridize readily only to homologous DNA. 1965 Jrnl. Molecular Biol. 12 830 RNA molecules possessing an extensive secondary structure will not hybridize until their own melting temperature is approached. 1969 Times 16 May 14/7 Each kind of RNA chemically recombines or hybridizes with the DNA segment off which it was copied. 1971 Biochemistry (Easton, Pa.) X. 3509/2 Hexokinases A and B can hybridize in 0·1 m sodium phosphate solution at pH values near 8. 1972 S. L. Wolfe Biol. Cell ix. 206/2 For example, rRNA from Drosophila will hybridize to some degree with chick DNA or vice versa, even though there are wide differences in base composition of the total DNA complement from the two species. 3. figurative (transitive). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being mixed or blended > mix or blend [verb (transitive)] > two diverse elements hybridize1964 1964 M. McLuhan Understanding Media v. 50 With literacy now about to hybridize the cultures of the Chinese, the Indians, and the Africans. 1971 Nature 24 Sept. 241/2 In the more remote future it may well be, when further improvements in the combustion intensity of low grade fuel mixtures are required, that they will be achieved by hybridizing the high and low temperature branches. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2019). < v.1845
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