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单词 hypo-
释义

hypo-prefix

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.
Forms: before vowels also hyp-,
representing Greek ὑπο-, ὑπ- ( < ὑπό preposition and adverb ‘under’ = Latin sub), largely employed in Greek in the formation of verbs, adjectives, and substantives.With verbs, and their derivatives, ὑπο- had the senses ‘under, beneath, down, from below; underhand, secretly; in a subordinate degree, slightly’. With adjectives and substantives, ὑπο- had the local sense ‘beneath, under’ in a prepositional relation to the substantive implied in the radical part, or the sense ‘in a lower relation, in a lower degree, slightly, somewhat, a little’ in an adverbial relation. Few Greek words containing the prefix came down through late Latin and French into English; the only ones of Middle English age being the ecclesiastical words hypocrite and hypocrisy, found soon after 1200 (the derivatives, hypocritic, -al, etc. are later, of 16th c.). A few technical words, e.g. hyposarca, hypostasis, occur (though hardly as English) in end of 14th c.; a considerable number, including hypochonder, -chondria, hypostatic, hypotenuse, hypothec, hypothesis, hypotrachelium, hypotyposis, appear in 16th c., and others, as hypocaust, hypogaster, -gastrium, hypogæal, in 17th c. But the great majority of the hypo- formations belong to the vocabulary of modern science, and have no actual Greek prototypes, but are formed (usually) on Greek elements, and more or less in accordance with Greek principles of word-formation. Hypo- has not, like hyper-, become a living element, capable of being prefixed at will to words of any origin.
The first vowel in Greek ὑπο-, Latin hypo-, is short, and all the early words in English were introduced with the y short, as in hypocrite, hypocrisy, etc. The y is marked as short in all compounds with hypo- in Pronouncing Dictionaries down to the middle of the 19th c. Some later Dictionaries, while retaining short y under stress, primary or secondary, as in hypocaust, hypothetic, make it long /aɪ/ in unaccented syllables, as in hypothesis, hypotenuse. But the later tendency in the South of England has been to treat y in all positions except before two consonants as /aɪ/, and, against etymology and history, to say hȳposulphate, hȳpostatical, etc.
1.
a. In words from Greek: the most important of these are hypochondria, hypocrisy, hypocrite, hypotenuse, hypothec, hypothesis, and their derivatives.
b. In modern formations, with sense ‘under, beneath, below’, of relative position; sometimes antithetical to terms in epi- prefix or hyper- prefix. In one set (a) hypo- has a prepositional relation governing the noun occurring or implied in the following element, as in hypobasal, hypobranchial n. and adj., hypodermic adj., hypoglossal adj. and n.; in another (b) hypo- qualifies the second element adverbially or attributively, signifying that this is itself the nether or lower of two (or more), as in hypoblast n., hypomere, hypozoa (animals low in the scale).
c. Music.
Categories »
(a) Prefixed to the names of musical modes in hypo-aeolian, hypodorian, hypo-ionian, hypolydian, hypomixolydian, hypophrygian, to denote either (a) the grave modes in Ancient Greek music, beginning at a definite interval below the ordinary Aeolian, Dorian, etc., or (b) the ‘plagal’ modes in medieval music, each of which has a compass a fourth below that of the corresponding ‘authentic’ mode.
(b) Also formerly in names of intervals measured downwards, as hypodiapason, -diapente, -diatessaron, -ditone (see diapason n., etc.). Cf. hyper- prefix 1b.
Π
1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke 98 If the leading part were highest, then would they call it [a Fuge] in hypodiatessaron, which is the fourth beneath.
1651 J. F. tr. H. C. Agrippa Three Bks. Occult Philos. ii. xxvi. 260 Clio with the Moon move after the Hypodorian manner.
1651 J. F. tr. H. C. Agrippa Three Bks. Occult Philos. ii. xxvi. 261 Urania also doth the eight create, And musick Hypo-Lydian elevate.
1761 F. H. E. Stiles in Philos. Trans. 1760 (Royal Soc.) 51 712 The Hypoïonian mese was inserted in f natural, and the Hypo~æolian in g natural, at a fourth respectively from the Ionian and Æolian.
1761 F. H. E. Stiles in Philos. Trans. 1760 (Royal Soc.) 51 712 We have already shown the Hypodorian mese to have been in e, the Hypophrygian in f♯, and the Hypolydian in g♯.
1844 C. Beck & C. C. Felton tr. E. Munk Metres Greeks & Romans 290 The Mixolydian and Hypolydian were subordinate species of the Lydian [mood].
1867 G. A. Macfarren Six Lect. Harmony i. 17.
1897 Daily News 19 Mar. 6/4 Much fun was made of a sailor's ditty said to be written in the hypomixolydian mode.
Categories »
d. ‘To some extent’, ‘slightly’, ‘somewhat’, in many adjectives; similarly in substantives, with the sense ‘slight’ or ‘deficient’. These words belong chiefly to pathology, and are the opposites of similar formations beginning with hyper- prefix 2.
e. In Chemistry, hypo- (in contrast to hyper- prefix 3b) is used to name an oxygen compound lower in the series than that having the simple name without hypo-; thus, sulphurous acid = H2SO3, hyposulphurous acid = H2SO2, vanadic oxide V2O5, hypovanadic oxide V2O4(VO2), vanadious oxide V2O3, hypovanadious oxide V2O2(VO).
2. The more important words belonging to all these groups appear in their alphabetical order as main words; others of less importance or less frequent use follow here. (In many of these the immediate derivation is obvious, they being simply formed by prefixing hypo- to another word, the etymology of which will be found in its place: e.g. hypoazotic, f. hypo- + azotic adj., etc. In the following words e often replaces ae, oe, esp. in U.S. usage; the alternative spelling is not given for each word individually.)
hypalgesia n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpalˈdʒiːzɪə/
,
/ˌhʌɪpalˈdʒiːsɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪˌpælˈdʒiziə/
,
/ˌhaɪˌpælˈdʒiʒə/
[Greek ἄλγησις sense of pain] Medicine diminished sensitivity to pain, hypalgia.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > [noun] > sensitivity to > diminished
hypalgesia1881
hypoalgesia1929
1881 J. Ross Treat. Dis. Nerv. Syst. I. iii. 84 Eulenberg has proposed the term hypalgesia or hypalgia, to indicate diminution of painful reaction, while limiting analgesia to its abolition.
1906 Jrnl. Nerv. & Mental Dis. 33 324 (heading) Hypesthesia and hypalgesia and their significance in functional nervous disturbances.
1971 P. C. Lund Princ. & Pract. Spinal Anesthesia vii. 318 Sharp needles are..utilized to determine the level of hypalgesia which precedes the development of analgesia.
hypalgesic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpalˈdʒiːzɪk/
,
/ˌhʌɪpalˈdʒiːsɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪˌpælˈdʒizɪk/
,
/ˌhaɪˌpælˈdʒisɪk/
exhibiting or tending to produce hypalgesia.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > anaesthetization, pain-killing, etc. > [adjective] > pain killing
anodyne1543
anodynous1657
anodynic1847
pain-killing1865
analgesic1868
hypalgesic1911
neuroleptanalgesic1961
1911 T. L. Stedman Pract. Med. Dict. 405/2 Hypalgesic.
1916 L. F. Barker Monogr. Med. IV. 137 The effect of summation of stimuli should..be noticed, by drawing a sharp needle lengthwise over an analgesic or hypalgesic area.
1935 Discovery Aug. 226/2 One very fortunate property which such a generator appears to possess is its pain-relieving virtue, or hypalgesic action, a very useful condition when treating post-operative cases.
hypoacidity n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpəʊəˈsɪdᵻti/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊəˈsɪdᵻdi/
Physiology a deficiency of acid constituents, esp. in the gastric juice.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered secretion > [noun] > gastric secretions
superacidity1800
subacidity1861
anacidity1889
hyperchlorhydria1891
hypochlorhydria1893
achlorhydria1898
hypoacidity1900
1900 W. A. N. Dorland Amer. Illustr. Med. Dict. 311/2 Hypoacidity.
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 551/2 Hyperacidity from lactic may obscure hypoacidity of hydrochloric acid.
1943 E. Urbach & P. M. Gottlieb Allergy (1944) ii. 67 Gastric hypo- or anacidity is often observed.
hypoactivity n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpəʊakˈtɪvᵻti/
,
/ˌhʌɪpəʊəkˈtɪvᵻti/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌækˈtɪvᵻdi/
Physiology diminished activity, esp. diminished secretory activity of a gland.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > [noun] > disordered functioning
ataxy1670
overaction1741
excitement1788
perversion1834
stammering1844
incompetency1865
incompetence1876
hypermotility1894
hypomotility1900
hypofunction1905
hyperfunction1909
hypoactivity1910
hyperfunctioning1918
hypofunctioning1926
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > glandular disorders > [noun] > functional disorders
hypofunction1905
hyperfunction1909
hypoactivity1910
hyperfunctioning1918
hypofunctioning1926
1910 Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 21 127/2 Conditions therefore simulating grades of hypoactivity.
1914 Arch. Internal Med. 14 145 Hypo-activity of the thyroid and pituitary.
1965 B. E. Freeman tr. A. Vandel Biospeleol. xxi. 351 The majority of the follicles of the thyroid..show signs of hypoactivity.
hypoaesthesia n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpəʊiːsˈθiːzɪə/
,
/ˌhʌɪpəʊiːsˈθiːʒə/
,
/ˌhʌɪpəʊᵻsˈθiːzɪə/
,
/ˌhʌɪpəʊᵻsˈθiːʒə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌɛsˈθiʒə/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊəsˈθiʒə/
(also hypoesthesia) Pathology = hypaesthesia n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered sensation > [noun]
formication1707
horripilation1776–84
pseudaesthesia1822
paraesthesia1848
hyperaesthesia1849
paraesthesis1857
phantom limb1871
hemianaesthesia1878
allochiria1881
polyaesthesia1888
allaesthesia1890
thermo-anaesthesia1890
acroparaesthesia1892
allachaesthesia1894
thermaesthesia1899
trichaesthesia1902
hypoaesthesia1906
thermo-aesthesia1909
1906 Jrnl. Nerv. & Mental Dis. 33 324 Hypoesthesia is the term heretofore employed to express this condition, but its awkward form at least excuses the employment of hypesthesia as a more euphonious and therefore more satisfactory expression.
1967 D. Sinclair Cutaneous Sensation viii. 148 ‘Hyperaesthesia’ and ‘hypoaesthesia’ are similarly misused.
hypoaesthetic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpəʊiːsˈθɛtɪk/
,
/ˌhʌɪpəʊᵻsˈθɛtɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌɛsˈθɛdɪk/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊəsˈθɛdɪk/
(also hypoesthetic)
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered sensation > [adjective]
hyperaesthetic1855
paraesthetic1857
creeping1881
hyperaesthesic1888
allochiral1893
hypoaesthetic1909
1909 Jrnl. Physiol. 38 158 On a hypoæsthetic area it may be that no sense of touch is elicited with a bristle of less than 3000 milligrammes pressure.
1940 Lancet 17 Feb. 303/2 Complete recovery [from frostbite] may apparently take place, but after a variable interval neuralgic pains may begin. The skin is usually hypoæsthetic.
hypoalbuminaemia n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpəʊalbjᵿmᵻˈniːmɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊælˌbjuməˈnimiə/
[Greek αἷμα blood] Physiology an abnormally low concentration of albumins in the blood.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of blood > [noun] > deficiency of other substances
hypinosis1845
anaemotrophy1860
hypoglycaemia1894
hypoleucocytosis1897
acapnia1898
leucopenia1898
hypothyroidism1905
hypocapnia1908
lymphopenia1909
hypoparathyroidism1910
neutropenia1915
thrombopenia1915
thrombocytopenia1921
agranulocytosis1923
hypocalcaemia1925
insulin shock1925
hypochloraemia1927
granulocytopenia1931
hypopotassaemia1932
hypomagnesaemia1933
hypoproteinaemia1934
hyponatraemia1935
hypophosphataemia1935
hypoprothrombinaemia1936
hypoalbuminaemia1937
sideropenia1938
afibrinogenaemia1941
pancytopenia1941
hypokalaemia1949
agammaglobulinaemia1952
hypogammaglobulinaemia1955
haemoglobinopathy1957
1937 Acta Med. Scand. XCI. 336 A simple method for the determination of hypoalbuminemia and hypoproteinemia..is afforded by the determination of the specific gravity of serum.
1962 Lancet 6 Jan. 52/1 This loss of protein may be significant in the pathogenesis of the hypoalbuminæmia of kwashiorkor.
hypoalgesia n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpəʊalˈdʒiːzɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌælˈdʒiziə/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˌælˈdʒiʒə/
Medicine = hypalgesia n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > [noun] > sensitivity to > diminished
hypalgesia1881
hypoalgesia1929
1929 Dorland & Miller Med. Dict. (ed. 15) 584/1 Hypo-algesia.
1945 Jrnl. Clin. Investig. 24 505 A patient had ‘hypoalgesia’ to pin prick on parts of his left hand.
1968 A. Soulairac et al. Pain 36 The marked hypoalgesia recorded in this animal was associated with a double right lesion.
hypoantimonate n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpəʊanˈtɪməneɪt/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˈæntəməˌneɪt/
Chemistry a salt of antimony tetroxide.
ΚΠ
1879 H. E. Roscoe & C. Schorlemmer Treat. Chem. II. ii. 313 Antimony tetroxide forms salts with basic oxides which have been termed hypoantimonates.
hypoaria n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpəʊˈeɪrɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˈeɪriə/
[Greek ᾠάριον little egg] Ichthyology plural a pair of protuberant oval ganglia developed beneath the optic lobes of osseous fishes.
ΚΠ
1846 R. Owen Lect. Compar. Anat. Vertebr. Animals i. viii. 179–80 In most osseous fishes the corresponding fibres of the pre-pyramidal tracts swell out suddenly, beneath the optic lobes, into two protuberant well-defined oval ganglions (‘hypoaria’):..they are well developed in the common Cod, in which, as in some other fishes, they contain a cavity called ‘hypoarian ventricle’.
hypoarian adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpəʊˈeɪrɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˈeɪriən/
hypoazotic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpəʊəˈzɒtɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊəˈzɑdɪk/
Chemistry = hyponitrous adj.
ΚΠ
1854 J. Scoffern in Orr's Circle Sci., Chem. 326 Hypo~azotic or hyponitric acid.
1883 Athenæum 6 Oct. 439/1 To cause the patient to inhale with prudence hypoazotic vapour mixed with air.
hypoazotide n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpəʊˈazətʌɪd/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˈæzəˌtaɪd/
= hyponitrous acid, H2N2O2 ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon 1886).
hypobasal adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈbeɪsl/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈbeɪs(ə)l/
,
/ˌhaɪpəˈbeɪz(ə)l/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈbeɪs(ə)l/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈbeɪz(ə)l/
Botany applied to the lower of the two cells or portions of the oospore of vascular cryptogams (cf. epibasal adj.).
ΚΠ
1882 S. H. Vines tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. (ed. 2) 351 In the Marchantieæ and Anthoceroteæ the short seta of the sporogonium is developed from the lower or posterior (hypobasal cell).
1882 S. H. Vines tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. (ed. 2) 426 The hypobasal half of the embryo [of a fern].
hypobenthos n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈbɛnθɒs/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈbɛnˌθɑs/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈbɛnˌθɑs/
Zoology the submarine fauna inhabiting the ocean at a greater depth than 500 fathoms.
ΚΠ
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXIII. 933/1 This zone..extends from about 500 fathoms to the greatest depths... The darkness is probably absolute... To the fauna which lives in these remarkable circumstances the name hypobenthos may be applied.
hypobole n.
Brit. /hʌɪˈpɒbəli/
,
U.S. /haɪˈpɑbəli/
[Greek ὑποβολή, < ὑποβάλλειν to throw under, suggest] Rhetoric the mentioning and refuting of objections which might be brought against the speaker's case by an opponent.
ΚΠ
1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Hypobole, is a Figure in Rhetorick whereby we answer what we prevented to be objected against by an Adversary.
hypocalcaemia n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)kalˈsiːmɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌkælˈsimiə/
[calc- (in calcium n.) + Greek αἷμα blood] Physiology an abnormally low concentration of calcium in the blood.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of blood > [noun] > deficiency of other substances
hypinosis1845
anaemotrophy1860
hypoglycaemia1894
hypoleucocytosis1897
acapnia1898
leucopenia1898
hypothyroidism1905
hypocapnia1908
lymphopenia1909
hypoparathyroidism1910
neutropenia1915
thrombopenia1915
thrombocytopenia1921
agranulocytosis1923
hypocalcaemia1925
insulin shock1925
hypochloraemia1927
granulocytopenia1931
hypopotassaemia1932
hypomagnesaemia1933
hypoproteinaemia1934
hyponatraemia1935
hypophosphataemia1935
hypoprothrombinaemia1936
hypoalbuminaemia1937
sideropenia1938
afibrinogenaemia1941
pancytopenia1941
hypokalaemia1949
agammaglobulinaemia1952
hypogammaglobulinaemia1955
haemoglobinopathy1957
1925 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 66 345 Hypocalcemia was produced..by thyroparathyroidectomy.
1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 22 Mar. 135/2 What is the glucose dosage for young pigs with hypocalcæmia?
1962 A. Sorsby in A. Pirie Lens Metabolism 298 Congenital cataract..can be caused by such frankly environmental disturbances as..maternal hypocalcæmia.
hypocalcaemic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)kalˈsiːmɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌkælˈsimɪk/
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of blood > [adjective] > deficiency of other substances
dispirited1740
hypinotic1855
hypoglycaemic1923
thrombocytopenic1923
thrombopenic1924
neutropenic1932
hypocalcaemic1935
hypoproteinaemic1935
sideropenic1939
hypoprothrombinaemic1942
hypophosphataemic1946
hypopotassaemic1950
hypokalaemic1953
agammaglobulinaemic1954
hyponatraemic1955
hypomagnesaemic1960
1935 D. H. Shelling Parathyroids vi. 148 Other means of demonstrating hypocalcemic tetany are now available.
hypocapnia n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈkapnɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈkæpniə/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈkæpniə/
[Greek καπνός smoke] Physiology an abnormally low concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of blood > [noun] > deficiency of other substances
hypinosis1845
anaemotrophy1860
hypoglycaemia1894
hypoleucocytosis1897
acapnia1898
leucopenia1898
hypothyroidism1905
hypocapnia1908
lymphopenia1909
hypoparathyroidism1910
neutropenia1915
thrombopenia1915
thrombocytopenia1921
agranulocytosis1923
hypocalcaemia1925
insulin shock1925
hypochloraemia1927
granulocytopenia1931
hypopotassaemia1932
hypomagnesaemia1933
hypoproteinaemia1934
hyponatraemia1935
hypophosphataemia1935
hypoprothrombinaemia1936
hypoalbuminaemia1937
sideropenia1938
afibrinogenaemia1941
pancytopenia1941
hypokalaemia1949
agammaglobulinaemia1952
hypogammaglobulinaemia1955
haemoglobinopathy1957
1908 Amer. Jrnl. Physiol. 21 140 Hypo- and hyper-capnia are abnormal conditions.
1961 Lancet 26 Aug. 475/1 The combination of extreme hypoxia with hypocapnia may well be fatal.
hypocatharsis n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)kəˈθɑːsɪs/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊkəˈθɑrsəs/
[catharsis n.] Medicine a slight purging.
ΚΠ
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Hypocatharsis, gentle Purging.
hypocathartic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)kəˈθɑːtɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊkəˈθɑrdɪk/
( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon 1886).
hypochil n.
Brit. /ˈhʌɪpə(ʊ)kɪl/
,
U.S. /ˈhaɪpəˌkɪl/
Categories »
hypochilium n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈkʌɪlɪəm/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈkaɪliəm/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈkaɪliəm/
[Greek χεῖλος lip] Botany the basal portion of the labellum of an orchid ( Treasury Bot. 1866).
hypochloraemia n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)klɔːˈriːmɪə/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)kləˈriːmɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌklɔˈrimiə/
Physiology an abnormally low concentration of chlorides in the blood.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of blood > [noun] > deficiency of other substances
hypinosis1845
anaemotrophy1860
hypoglycaemia1894
hypoleucocytosis1897
acapnia1898
leucopenia1898
hypothyroidism1905
hypocapnia1908
lymphopenia1909
hypoparathyroidism1910
neutropenia1915
thrombopenia1915
thrombocytopenia1921
agranulocytosis1923
hypocalcaemia1925
insulin shock1925
hypochloraemia1927
granulocytopenia1931
hypopotassaemia1932
hypomagnesaemia1933
hypoproteinaemia1934
hyponatraemia1935
hypophosphataemia1935
hypoprothrombinaemia1936
hypoalbuminaemia1937
sideropenia1938
afibrinogenaemia1941
pancytopenia1941
hypokalaemia1949
agammaglobulinaemia1952
hypogammaglobulinaemia1955
haemoglobinopathy1957
1927 Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. 173 649 (heading) Acute intestinal obstruction: mechanism and significance of hypochloremia and other blood chemical changes.
1963 H. L. Bockus et al. Gastroenterol. (ed. 2) I. xxviii. 646/2 If hypochloremia and alkalosis are present, gastric retention and vomiting have probably preceded the bout of bleeding.
hypochlorhydria n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)klɔːˈhʌɪdrɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌklɔrˈhaɪdriə/
[chlorhydr- (in chlorhydric acid n. at chlor- comb. form2 2)] Physiology an abnormally low concentration of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered secretion > [noun] > gastric secretions
superacidity1800
subacidity1861
anacidity1889
hyperchlorhydria1891
hypochlorhydria1893
achlorhydria1898
hypoacidity1900
1893 Med. Ann. 169 Hyperchlorhydria and hypochlorhydria are not identical with hyperacidity and hypoacidity.
1971 J. Song Pathol. Sickle Cell Dis. xviii. 355 The usual hypochlorhydria present in this disease may account for some of the gastric manifestations.
hypochlorhydric adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)klɔːˈhʌɪdrɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌklɔrˈhaɪdrɪk/
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered secretion > [adjective] > gastric secretions
achylous1878
hyperchlorhydric1903
achlorhydric1907
hypochlorhydric1921
1921 Chem. Abstr. 15 894 When the concn. varies between 0.010 and 0.012 sp. gr. the indications are that it [sc. the stomach] contains dissolved alimentary residues and tends to be hypochlorhydric.
1971 J. Song Pathol. Sickle Cell Dis. xviii. 356 Many individuals present hypochlorhydric states of a like degree.
hypochlorin n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈklɔːrɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈklɔrən/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈklɔrən/
[Greek χλωρός green] Chemistry (Pringsheim's name for) a substance found in every plant-cell which contains chlorophyll.
ΚΠ
1881 S. H. Vines in Nature 14 Apr. 561/1 Professor Pringsheim..announced the discovery in the chlorophyll-corpuscles of a substance called Hypochlorin.
hypochlorhydria n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)klɔːˈhʌɪdrɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌklɔrˈhaɪdriə/
Pathology defective secretion of chlorhydric (i.e. hydrochloric) acid in the digestive juices.
ΚΠ
1901 W. A. N. Dorland Illustr. Med. Dict. Hypochlorhydria.
1909 Practitioner Dec. 817 The secretion of deficient quantities of gastric juice—anacidity or hypochlorhydria.
hypochordal adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈkɔːdl/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈkɔrd(ə)l/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈkɔrd(ə)l/
[chord n.1] Zoology ventral to the notochord or spinal cord.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > constituent materials > [adjective] > ventral to spinal cord
hypochordal1901
1901 Gray's Anat. (ed. 15) ii. 96 The future vertibræ..are soon joined across the middle line on the ventral aspect of the notochord by a hypochordal cartilaginous bar.
1962 M. Jollie Chordate Morphol. vi. 153 This splint is the ventral, perichondral ossification of the hypochordal cartilage.
hypochromat n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈkrəʊmat/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈkroʊˌmæt/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈkroʊˌmæt/
Pathology a person whose sense of colour is defective.
ΚΠ
1930 Nature 22 Nov. 825 The best starting point is the result of some investigations on hypochromats (colour-blind individuals).
hypochylia n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈkʌɪlɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈkaɪliə/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈkaɪliə/
Pathology incomplete digestion.
ΚΠ
1910 Practitioner June 761 ‘Senile’ dyspepsia (essentially a hypochylia).
hypoclidian adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈklʌɪdɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈklaɪdiən/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈklaɪdiən/
Categories »
hypoclidium n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈklʌɪdɪəm/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈklaɪdiəm/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈklaɪdiəm/
[Greek κλείς, κλειδ- key] Ornithology the interclavicular element of the clavicles of a bird, seen in the merrythought of a fowl.
† hypoˈcolon n. Obsolete a semicolon.
Π
1657 J. Sergeant Schism Dispach't 249 He goes smothly..without the least rub so much as of an hypo~colon to stop him.
hypocrystalline adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈkrɪstəlʌɪn/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈkrɪstl̩ʌɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈkrɪstələn/
,
/ˌhaɪpəˈkrɪstəˌlaɪn/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈkrɪstələn/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈkrɪstəˌlaɪn/
Mineralogy consisting of crystals contained in a non-crystalline or massive mineral substance.
ΚΠ
1888 W. S. Bailey in Amer. Naturalist Mar. 208 When [a rock]..contains crystals in a hyaline ground-mass, the structure is described as hypocrystalline.
hypocycle n.
Brit. /ˈhʌɪpə(ʊ)sʌɪkl/
,
U.S. /ˈhaɪpəˌsaɪk(ə)l/
(see quot. 1716, and cf. epicycle n.).Apparently an isolated use.
Π
1716 M. Davies Athenæ Britannicæ II. To Rdr. 45 The Heteroclit Dissenters..move in an Excentrical Hypocycle.
Categories »
hypodactylum n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈdaktᵻləm/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈdaktl̩əm/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈdæktələm/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈdæktələm/
[Greek δάκτυλος finger] Ornithology the lower surface of a bird's toe (Mayne, 1855).
† hypoˈdeacon n. [Greek ὑποδιάκονος under-servant] Obsolete a subdeacon.
Π
c1540 Image Ipocrysy iv, in J. Skelton Poet. Wks. (1843) II. 439 Subdeakons, That be ypodeakons.
Categories »
hypodermatomy n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)dəˈmatəmi/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊdərˈmædəmi/
[Greek δέρμα skin + τομή cutting] Medicine incision of a subcutaneous part ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon 1886).
hypodermoclysis n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)dəˈmɒklᵻsɪs/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊdərˈmɑkləsəs/
[Greek κλύσις a washing, drenching] Medicine the injection of nutrient fluids under the skin in the collapse from cholera or other exhausting diseases.
ΚΠ
1884 Pall Mall Gaz. 10 Oct. 10/2 Till a physician could be obtained to perform Pacini's operation of hypodermoclysis.
Categories »
hypodiastole n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)dʌɪˈastəli/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌdaɪˈæstəli/
[Greek ὑποδιαστολή] Ancient Greek Grammar Obsolete = diastole n. 3 (see 1833 at sense 3).
hypodicrotous adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈdʌɪkrətəs/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈdaɪkrədəs/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈdaɪkrədəs/
Physiology having a slight secondary wave in each pulse-beat.
ΚΠ
1877 F. T. Roberts Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) II. 21 A minor degree of this variety is named hypo- or sub-dicrotous.
† hypodiˈdascal n. [ < Greek ὑποδιδάσκαλος : see didascalic adj.] Obsolete an under-teacher, an usher.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > teacher > schoolteacher or schoolmaster > [noun] > assistant teacher
submasterc1450
usher1512
undermaster1561
under-usher1561
pedagogue?1566
underteacher1581
janitor1584
hypodidascal1625
under-doctora1649
assistant master1872
usheress1879
TA1969
1625 J. Shirley Schoole of Complement iii. v There is the starre of Eloquence, vnder whom I am an Hypodidascall, in English, his Vsher.
1708 P. A. Motteux Wks. F. Rabelais iv. xlviii. 137 I saw a little Hump..say to the Hypodidascal [etc.].
hypodigmatical adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)dɪɡˈmatᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌdɪɡˈmædək(ə)l/
[Greek ὑποδειγματικός] indicating by way of example or symbol.
Π
1860 T. A. G. Balfour Typ. Char. Nature 64 The typical, or symbolical, or hypodeigmatical character.
hypodrome n.
Brit. /ˈhʌɪpə(ʊ)drəʊm/
,
U.S. /ˈhaɪpəˌdroʊm/
[medieval Latin hypodromum (see Du Cange), < Greek ὑπό under + δρόμος course] a roofed porch or colonnade.
Π
1820 T. Mitchell in tr. Aristophanes Comedies I. p. lvi (note) The hypodrome, or covered porch where the wrestlers practised their exercises in winter.
hypodynamic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)dʌɪˈnamɪk/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)dᵻˈnamɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌdaɪˈnæmɪk/
Pathology characterized by weakness or prostration (cf. adynamic adj.).
ΚΠ
1846 G. E. Day tr. J. F. Simon Animal Chem. II. 275 If the disease..should take a hypodynamic character, the urine..will assume an alkaline reaction.
hypo-ellipsoid n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpəʊᵻˈlɪpsɔɪd/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊəˈlɪpˌsɔɪd/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊiˈlɪpˌsɔɪd/
Geometry a curve traced by a point in the circumference of a circle or ellipse rolling along the inside of an ellipse (cf. hypocycloid n.).
ΚΠ
1854 H. Moseley Lect. Astron. (ed. 4) lxi. 183 This curve..being of the nature of an hypo~cycloid, or rather, an hypo-ellipsoid.
hypoeutectic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)juːˈtɛktɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌjuˈtɛktɪk/
(of an alloy of iron) containing a lower proportion of carbon than the eutectic composition (i.e. less than about 4·3%; (in quot. 1902 for hypoacidity n. = hypoeutectoid adj., eutectoid (eutectoid adj.) itself not having been coined at that date).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > alloy > [adjective] > of iron alloy: containing specific proportions
hypereutectic1902
hypoeutectic1902
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXIX. 572/2 They are called hyper-eutectic or hypo-eutectic according as this excess is cementite or ferrite, i.e., according as their carbon-content is above or below the 0·90 per cent. which the eutectic itself contains.
1926 W. E. Woodward Metallogr. Steel & Cast Iron i. 27 In a 2·0% C steel 0·3% C (= 4·5% Fe3C) will have been required to form the eutectic portion of the hypo-eutectic alloy.
1959 A. G. Guy Elem. Physical Metall. (ed. 2) vi. 186 As the composition changes from hypoeutectic (less than eutectic) to hypereutectic (more than eutectic) in terms of metal B, the primary crystals change from alpha phase to beta phase.
hypoeutectoid adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)juːˈtɛktɔɪd/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌjuˈtɛkˌtɔɪd/
(of steel) containing a lower proportion of carbon than the eutectoid composition (i.e. less than about 0·8%).
Π
1911 Encycl. Brit. XIV. 805/2 This ferrite flows around and immediately heals over any cracks which form in the small quantity of cementite interstratified with it in the pearlite of hypo-eutectoid steels.
1966 A. Prince Alloy Phase Equilibria vi. 107 The structure of a hypo-eutectoid Fe—Fe3C alloy is one of ferrite with pearlite, the latter appearing in characteristic form.
hypofunction n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈfʌŋ(k)ʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈfəŋ(k)ʃən/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈfəŋ(k)ʃən/
Medicine diminished or insufficient activity or production (in a gland or other part of the body).
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > [noun] > disordered functioning
ataxy1670
overaction1741
excitement1788
perversion1834
stammering1844
incompetency1865
incompetence1876
hypermotility1894
hypomotility1900
hypofunction1905
hyperfunction1909
hypoactivity1910
hyperfunctioning1918
hypofunctioning1926
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > glandular disorders > [noun] > functional disorders
hypofunction1905
hyperfunction1909
hypoactivity1910
hyperfunctioning1918
hypofunctioning1926
1905 G. M. Gould Dict. New Med. Terms 303/2 *Hypofunction.
1913 L. Forster tr. A. Biedl Internal Secretory Organs 53 Vassale thinks that the new formation of tissue points to a hyper-function of the gland, the wasting of the colloid to a hypo-function.
1920 Endocrinology IV. 344 Hypofunction of the thyroid.
1972 Lancet 12 Aug. 299/2 There was a high frequency of sexual hypofunction and testicular atrophy among male patients.
hypofunctional adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈfʌŋ(k)ʃn̩(ə)l/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈfʌŋ(k)ʃən(ə)l/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈfəŋ(k)ʃ(ə)nəl/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈfəŋ(k)ʃ(ə)nəl/
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > [adjective] > disordered functioning
ataxic1853
incompetent1863
stammering1868
atactic1880
hyperfunctioning1918
hypofunctional1933
hyperfunctional1934
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > glandular disorders > [adjective] > functional disorders
hyperfunctioning1918
hypofunctional1933
hyperfunctional1934
1933 A. W. Rowe Differential Diagn. Endocrine Disorders viii. 116 ‘Hyperfunction’ indicates a condition..in direct antithesis to..the known hypofunctional state.
1961 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 29 July 232/2 Of 43 hypofunctional nodules, only 2 proved to be due to carcinoma.
hypofunctioning n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈfʌŋ(k)ʃn̩ɪŋ/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈfʌŋ(k)ʃənɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈfəŋ(k)ʃ(ə)nɪŋ/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈfəŋ(k)ʃ(ə)nɪŋ/
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > [noun] > disordered functioning
ataxy1670
overaction1741
excitement1788
perversion1834
stammering1844
incompetency1865
incompetence1876
hypermotility1894
hypomotility1900
hypofunction1905
hyperfunction1909
hypoactivity1910
hyperfunctioning1918
hypofunctioning1926
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > glandular disorders > [noun] > functional disorders
hypofunction1905
hyperfunction1909
hypoactivity1910
hyperfunctioning1918
hypofunctioning1926
1926 J. S. Huxley Ess. Pop. Sci. 291 Whenever we can trace the effect of a hypo- or hyperfunctioning of one of these [ductless] glands, we find that it affects..a complex of characters..related to the performance of a single function.
1954 A. White et al. Princ. Biochem. xliii. 936 In circumstances of adrenal cortical hypofunctioning..there is a failure of normal renal tubular reabsorption of sodium.
hypogaeate n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈdʒiːət/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈdʒiət/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈdʒiət/
Chemistry a salt of hypogaeic acid.
ΚΠ
1865–72 H. Watts Dict. Chem. III. 239 Hypogæate of Copper.
hypogaeic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈdʒiːɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈdʒiɪk/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈdʒiɪk/
[ < modern Latin (Arachis ) hypogaea the earth-nut; see hypogean adj.] Chemistry in hypogaeic acid: see quots.
ΚΠ
1865–72 H. Watts Dict. Chem. III. 238 Hypogæic acid, C16H30O2..discovered in 1855..in oil of earthnut.
hypogammaglobulinaemia n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ɡaməˌɡlɒbjᵿlᵻˈniːmɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌɡæməˌɡlɑbjələˈnimiə/
[Greek αἷμα blood] Pathology an abnormally low concentration of gamma globulins in the blood; (also) a disorder of which this condition is characteristic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of blood > [noun] > deficiency of other substances
hypinosis1845
anaemotrophy1860
hypoglycaemia1894
hypoleucocytosis1897
acapnia1898
leucopenia1898
hypothyroidism1905
hypocapnia1908
lymphopenia1909
hypoparathyroidism1910
neutropenia1915
thrombopenia1915
thrombocytopenia1921
agranulocytosis1923
hypocalcaemia1925
insulin shock1925
hypochloraemia1927
granulocytopenia1931
hypopotassaemia1932
hypomagnesaemia1933
hypoproteinaemia1934
hyponatraemia1935
hypophosphataemia1935
hypoprothrombinaemia1936
hypoalbuminaemia1937
sideropenia1938
afibrinogenaemia1941
pancytopenia1941
hypokalaemia1949
agammaglobulinaemia1952
hypogammaglobulinaemia1955
haemoglobinopathy1957
1955 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 13 Aug. 1344 (heading) Hypogammaglobulinemia associated with a severe wound infection.
1970 R. Passmore & J. S. Robson Compan. Med. Stud. II. xviii. 103/1 Individuals with hypogammaglobulinaemia..produce little or no detectable circulating antibody and are vulnerable to bacterial invasion, but are not so susceptible to viral infection.
1972 Lancet 27 May 1151/2 Patients with the common variable type of severe hypogammaglobulinæmia exhibit lymphocytes with surface immunoglobulins.
† hypoˈgeiody n. [ < Greek ὑπόγειος underground, hypogean adj. + ὁδός way] Obsolete a branch of applied mathematics, by which subterranean distances and directions are ascertained; subterraneous surveying.
ΚΠ
1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. Math. Præf. sig. djv Hypogeiodie, is an Arte Mathematicall, demonstratyng, how, vnder the Sphæricall Superficies of the earth, at any depth, to any perpendicular line assigned..certaine way may be præscribed and gone.
hypogenesis n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnᵻsɪs/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈdʒɛnəsəs/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈdʒɛnəsəs/
Biology reproduction in which the alternation of generations is suppressed or absent.
ΚΠ
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 131/1 In some other cases medusoid develops directly from medusoid (hypogenesis).
hypogenetic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)dʒᵻˈnɛtɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊdʒəˈnɛdɪk/
Π
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 131/1 In other cases the medusoid is hypogenetic, medusoid producing medusoid.
hypogenitalism n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnᵻtl̩ɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈdʒɛnədlˌɪzəm/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈdʒɛnədlˌɪzəm/
Pathology hypogonadism; (also) underdevelopment of the genitalia.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > deformity > deformities of specific parts > [noun] > of genitalia
hypospadias1855
monorchidism1860
monorchism1874
anorchism1883
anorchia1890
synorchism1898
eunuchoidism1912
hypogenitalism1917
anorchidism1918
1917 T. L. Stedman Pract. Med. Dict. (ed. 4) 458/2 *Hypogenitalism.
1922 L. F. Barker et al. Endocrinol. & Metabolism I. 157 Obesity is a frequent manifestation of hypogenitalism, either the physiological hypogenitalism of the menopause or the acquired form due to disease or to the surgical removal of the ovaries.
1964 L. C. Martin Clin. Endocrinol. (ed. 4) vii. 222 Hypogenitalism [in males] means abnormally small size or underdevelopment of the male external genitalia which need not necessarily include testicular failure.
hypogenous adj.
Brit. /hʌɪˈpɒdʒᵻnəs/
,
U.S. /haɪˈpɑdʒənəs/
[Greek -γενής produced] Botany (a) growing upon the under surface of leaves; (b) growing beneath the surface.
ΚΠ
1871 M. C. Cooke Brit. Fungi 490 Brand-spores, hypogenous, scattered over the leaves in minute tufts.
hypogeusia n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈɡjuːzɪə/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈɡjuːsɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈɡ(j)usiə/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈɡ(j)usiə/
,
/ˌhaɪpəˈɡ(j)uʒə/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈɡ(j)uʒə/
,
/ˌhaɪpəˈɡjuziə/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈɡjuziə/
[Greek γεῦσις taste] Medicine diminished acuteness of the sense of taste.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > [noun] > sense of taste > diminished acuteness
hypogeusia1888
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disordered taste, smell, or touch > [noun] > taste
ageustia1800
ageusia1817
parageusia1817
hypergeusia1855
hypogeusia1888
taste-blindness1934
1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 80/2 Increase in the sense of taste is called hypergeusia, diminution of it hypogeusia, and entire loss ageusia.
1969 C. Pfaffmann Olfaction & Taste 578 Treatment with d-penicillamine had produced hypogeusia (a decrease in taste acuity).
hypoglycaemia n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ɡlʌɪˈsiːmɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌɡlaɪˈsimiə/
Physiology an abnormally low concentration of sugar in the blood.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of blood > [noun] > deficiency of other substances
hypinosis1845
anaemotrophy1860
hypoglycaemia1894
hypoleucocytosis1897
acapnia1898
leucopenia1898
hypothyroidism1905
hypocapnia1908
lymphopenia1909
hypoparathyroidism1910
neutropenia1915
thrombopenia1915
thrombocytopenia1921
agranulocytosis1923
hypocalcaemia1925
insulin shock1925
hypochloraemia1927
granulocytopenia1931
hypopotassaemia1932
hypomagnesaemia1933
hypoproteinaemia1934
hyponatraemia1935
hypophosphataemia1935
hypoprothrombinaemia1936
hypoalbuminaemia1937
sideropenia1938
afibrinogenaemia1941
pancytopenia1941
hypokalaemia1949
agammaglobulinaemia1952
hypogammaglobulinaemia1955
haemoglobinopathy1957
1894 G. M. Gould Illustr. Dict. Med. 594/2 *Hypoglycemia.
1911 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 10 160 Recent investigations on the production of hypoglycaemia.
1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 9 Feb. 102/1 Hypoglycæmia is a symptom rather than a disease on its own.
hypoglycaemic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ɡlʌɪˈsiːmɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌɡlaɪˈsimɪk/
of or exhibiting hypoglycaemia; tending to reduce the blood-sugar level.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of blood > [adjective] > deficiency of other substances
dispirited1740
hypinotic1855
hypoglycaemic1923
thrombocytopenic1923
thrombopenic1924
neutropenic1932
hypocalcaemic1935
hypoproteinaemic1935
sideropenic1939
hypoprothrombinaemic1942
hypophosphataemic1946
hypopotassaemic1950
hypokalaemic1953
agammaglobulinaemic1954
hyponatraemic1955
hypomagnesaemic1960
1923 Jrnl. Physiol. 57 318 The blood became hypoglycæmic.
1965 J. Pollitt Depression & its Treatm. vi. 78 20–80 units of soluble insulin before breakfast may be necessary to produce a mild hypoglycæmic reaction.
1970 R. Passmore & J. S. Robson Compan. Med. Stud. II. vi. 18/1 Today, approximately one-third of the total diabetic population is being treated with an oral hypoglycaemic agent.
hypognathism n.
Brit. /hʌɪˈpɒɡnəθɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /haɪˈpɑɡnəˌθɪzəm/
hypognathous conformation.
hypognathous adj.
Brit. /hʌɪˈpɒɡnəθəs/
,
U.S. /haɪˈpɑɡnəθəs/
[Greek γνάθος jaw] Ornithology having the under mandible longer than the upper.
ΚΠ
1872 E. Coues Key to N. Amer. Birds 323 Rhynchopinæ, Skimmers. Bill hypognathous.
hypogonadal adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈɡəʊnədl/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈɡɒnədl/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈɡoʊnəd(ə)l/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈɡoʊnəd(ə)l/
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered secretion > [adjective] > hormonal disorders
hypothyroid1909
hypoparathyroid1910
hyperthyroid1916
hyperthyroidic1916
hypothyroidic1916
hypopituitary1921
hyperpituitary1924
hypogonadal1933
pseudohypoparathyroid1950
hyperparathyroid1961
1933 Med. Jrnl. & Rec. 137 457/2 The vast majority of hypogonadal patients were within normal weights.
1944 R. S. Hotchkiss Fertility in Men iv. 90 Disproportional height span of legs and torso suggest the hypogonadal state.
1961 W. C. Young Sex & Internal Secretions (ed. 3) I. v. 348 Hypogonadal disorders of man.
hypogonadism n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈɡəʊnadɪz(ə)m/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈɡɒnadɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈɡoʊˌnæˌdɪzəm/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈɡoʊˌnæˌdɪzəm/
Pathology the reduction or absence of gonadal activity, esp. of hormone secretion.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered secretion > [noun] > hormonal disorders
hyperthyroidism1900
hypothyroidism1905
hyperpituitarism1909
hypopituitarism1909
hypoparathyroidism1910
thyrotoxicosis1911
hyperparathyroidism1917
hypogonadism1918
Cushing's disease1934
Cushing's syndrome1934
panhypopituitarism1941
pseudohypoparathyroidism1942
Sheehan's syndrome1950
Stein–Leventhal syndrome1950
pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism1952
aldosteronism1954
hyperaldosteronism1955
Albright's dystrophy1957
Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy1962
1918 T. L. Stedman Pract. Med. Dict. (U.S. ed. 5) 469/1 Hypogonadism.
1933 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 7 Jan. 70/2 A method for the assay of blood and urine for testicular hormone..has been used as a laboratory test for hypogonadism.
1966 R. B. Scott Price's Textbk. Pract. Med. (ed. 10) vii. 450/1 The term female hypogonadism implies a deficiency of both the ovulatory and hormone secretory functions of the ovary.
1970 R. Passmore & J. S. Robson Compan. Med. Stud. II. xii. 11/2 In children hypogonadism leads to delayed puberty.
† ˈhypogram n. [Greek ὑπόγραμμα something written below] Obsolete (see quot. 1656).
Π
1656 T. Blount Glossographia Hypogram, a subscription, or that is subscribed.
hypohyal adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈhʌɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈhaɪəl/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈhaɪəl/
[see hyo- comb. form, hyoid adj. and n.] Anatomy (a) adj. forming the base of the hyoid arch; (b) n. that part of the hyoid arch which lies between the stylohyal and basibranchial.
ΚΠ
1882 W. R. Parker in Trans. Linn. Soc. 2 iii. 168 This bar..has its distal fourth segmented off to form a hypohyal.
1894 Athenæum 17 Nov. 680/3 The basi- and hypo-hyal cartilages of the Elasmobranchii.
hypoischiac adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpəʊˈɪskɪak/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˈɪskiˌæk/
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > constituent materials > [adjective] > relating to cartilage or bone on pelvis
hypoischiatic1897
hypoischial1910
hypoischiac1951
1951 C. K. Weichert Anat. Chordates x. 485 A posterior prolongation from the ischial symphysis in Sphenodon and in many lizards and turtles is called the hypoischiac process, or cloacal bone.
hypoischial adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpəʊˈɪskɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˈɪskiəl/
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > constituent materials > [adjective] > relating to cartilage or bone on pelvis
hypoischiatic1897
hypoischial1910
hypoischiac1951
1910 T. J. Parker & W. A. Haswell Text-bk. Zool. (ed. 2) II. 354 In the Chelonia..both pubes and ischia meet in ventral symphyses, and epipubic and hypoischial cartilages may be present.
1959 W. Montagna Compar. Anat. v. 116 In lizards an epipubic cartilage projects anteriorly and an hypoischial cartilage projects posteriorly from the symphysis.
hypoischiatic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpəʊɪskɪˈatɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌɪskiˈædɪk/
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > constituent materials > [adjective] > relating to cartilage or bone on pelvis
hypoischiatic1897
hypoischial1910
hypoischiac1951
1897 W. N. Parker tr. R. Wiedersheim Elements Compar. Anat. (ed. 2) 117 In Hatteria there is a marked epipubis and a hypoischiatic process continuous with the epipubic cartilage.
hypoischium n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpəʊˈɪskɪəm/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˈɪskiəm/
[ischium n.] Zoology a small cartilaginous or bony process that projects backwards from the ischial symphysis in the pelvic arch of many reptiles and some other vertebrates, supporting the ventral wall of the cloaca.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > constituent materials > [noun] > cartilage or bone on pelvis
hypoischium1897
1897 W. N. Parker tr. R. Wiedersheim Elements Compar. Anat. (ed. 2) 118 A longitudinal fibro-cartilaginous ligament, continuous anteriorly with the plug-like epipubic cartilage and posteriorly with the hypoischium.
1925 J. S. Kingsley Vertebr. Skeleton 265 Squamata... The hypoischium, usually movable, is well developed and may be cartilage or bone in the adult.
hypokalaemia n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)kəˈliːmɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊkəˈlimiə/
(also hypokaliæmia /-kælɪˈiːmɪə/) [modern Latin kalium potassium (see kali n.1) + Greek αἷμα blood] Physiology = hypopotassaemia n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of blood > [noun] > deficiency of other substances
hypinosis1845
anaemotrophy1860
hypoglycaemia1894
hypoleucocytosis1897
acapnia1898
leucopenia1898
hypothyroidism1905
hypocapnia1908
lymphopenia1909
hypoparathyroidism1910
neutropenia1915
thrombopenia1915
thrombocytopenia1921
agranulocytosis1923
hypocalcaemia1925
insulin shock1925
hypochloraemia1927
granulocytopenia1931
hypopotassaemia1932
hypomagnesaemia1933
hypoproteinaemia1934
hyponatraemia1935
hypophosphataemia1935
hypoprothrombinaemia1936
hypoalbuminaemia1937
sideropenia1938
afibrinogenaemia1941
pancytopenia1941
hypokalaemia1949
agammaglobulinaemia1952
hypogammaglobulinaemia1955
haemoglobinopathy1957
1949 Jrnl. Clin. Investig. 28 409 (heading) Some observations on the development of hypokaliemia during therapy of diabetic acidosis.
1951 Dorland's Med. Dict. (ed. 22) 713/2 Hypokalemia, hypokaliemia.
1972 Lancet 1 July 36/2 Hypokalæmia may be seen in any stage of renal failure.
hypokalaemic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)kəˈliːmɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊkəˈlimɪk/
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of blood > [adjective] > deficiency of other substances
dispirited1740
hypinotic1855
hypoglycaemic1923
thrombocytopenic1923
thrombopenic1924
neutropenic1932
hypocalcaemic1935
hypoproteinaemic1935
sideropenic1939
hypoprothrombinaemic1942
hypophosphataemic1946
hypopotassaemic1950
hypokalaemic1953
agammaglobulinaemic1954
hyponatraemic1955
hypomagnesaemic1960
1953 Jrnl. Clin. Investig. 32 538 (heading) The effect of potassium in nephrectomized rats with hypokalemic alkalosis.
1962 Lancet 1 Dec. 1145/1 During this period the patient became hypokalæmic.
hypokeimenometry n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)keɪmᵻˈnɒmᵻtri/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌkeɪməˈnɑmətri/
[Greek ὑποκείμενον underlying substance or essence + -metry comb. form] (see quot. 1882).
Π
1882 J. Martineau Study Spinoza ii. i. 165 Spinoza..attempts to construct a Hypokeimenometry—a science of Substance and its affections, whereby the constitution of the universe shall be deduced from its primary essence—the All out of the One.
hypokinesia n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)kᵻˈniːzɪə/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)kᵻˈniːʒə/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)kʌɪˈniːzɪə/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)kʌɪˈniːʒə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊkəˈniʒ(i)ə/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊkəˈniziə/
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders affecting muscles > [noun] > hypokinesia
hypokinesia1886
hypokinesis1886
under-action1887
1886 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Hypokinesia.
1970 Nature 4 Apr. 21/1 Parkinsonism is..characterized by tremor, rigidity of the limbs and poverty of movement (hypokinesia).
hypokinesis n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)kᵻˈniːsᵻs/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)kʌɪˈniːsᵻs/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊkəˈnisᵻs/
Pathology abnormally decreased muscular movement.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders affecting muscles > [noun] > hypokinesia
hypokinesia1886
hypokinesis1886
under-action1887
1886 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Hypokinesis.
hypokinetic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)kᵻˈnɛtɪk/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)kʌɪˈnɛtɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊkəˈnɛdɪk/
[kinetic adj. and n.] Pathology having defective muscular action ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon 1886).
ΚΠ
1927 I. S. Wechsler Textbk. Clin. Neurol. iv. 391 Instead of hypokinesis there may be hyperkinetic phenomena.
hypolemniscus n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)lɛmˈnɪskəs/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌlɛmˈnɪskəs/
(also †hypoˈlemnisk) [Greek ὑπολημνίσκος, < λημνίσκος band, fillet] the critical mark ?.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > textual criticism > [noun] > critical marks
obelusOE
obelisk1583
stigmate1583
hypolemniscus1718
lemnisc1718
lemniscus1849
1718 H. Prideaux Old & New Test. Connected II. i. 55 The Hypolemnisk, a straight line with one point under it (as thus ?).
1849 W. Fitzgerald tr. W. Whitaker Disputation Holy Script. 125 Origen marked these texts with various asterisks and obeli, lemnisci and hypolemnisci.
hypoleucocytosis n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˌl(j)uːkə(ʊ)sʌɪˈtəʊsɪs/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˌl(j)uːkə(ʊ)sᵻˈtəʊsɪs/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌlukəˌsaɪˈtoʊsəs/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˌlukəsəˈtoʊsəs/
(also hypoleukocyˈtosis) Pathology = leucopenia n. at leuco- comb. form 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of blood > [noun] > deficiency of other substances
hypinosis1845
anaemotrophy1860
hypoglycaemia1894
hypoleucocytosis1897
acapnia1898
leucopenia1898
hypothyroidism1905
hypocapnia1908
lymphopenia1909
hypoparathyroidism1910
neutropenia1915
thrombopenia1915
thrombocytopenia1921
agranulocytosis1923
hypocalcaemia1925
insulin shock1925
hypochloraemia1927
granulocytopenia1931
hypopotassaemia1932
hypomagnesaemia1933
hypoproteinaemia1934
hyponatraemia1935
hypophosphataemia1935
hypoprothrombinaemia1936
hypoalbuminaemia1937
sideropenia1938
afibrinogenaemia1941
pancytopenia1941
hypokalaemia1949
agammaglobulinaemia1952
hypogammaglobulinaemia1955
haemoglobinopathy1957
1897 Lippincott's Med. Dict. 498/1 Hypoleucocytosis.
1898 T. C. Allbutt Syst. Med. V. 418 Any number of leucocytes below the arbitrary limit of 6000 [per cubic millimetre of blood] will constitute a hypoleucocytosis, or leucopenia as the condition is also named.
1930 H. Downey in E. T. Bell Text-bk. Path. xxviii. 599 In pernicious anemia we see an example of neutrophile hypoleukocytosis.
hypologism n.
Brit. /hʌɪˈpɒlədʒɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /haɪˈpɑləˌdʒɪzəm/
[Greek ὑπολογισμός a ratio in which the antecedent is the smaller number] (see quot. 1656).
Π
1656 tr. T. Hobbes Elements Philos. ii. xiii. 109 When the Proportion of the first Antecedent to the first Consequent, is less then that of the second to the second, the four Magnitudes may be called Hypologisme.
hypomagnesaemia n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)maɡnᵻˈsiːmɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌmæɡnəˈsimiə/
[Greek αἷμα blood] Physiology and Veterinary Medicine an abnormally low concentration of magnesium in the blood, important in cattle as the cause of grass tetany.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of blood > [noun] > deficiency of other substances
hypinosis1845
anaemotrophy1860
hypoglycaemia1894
hypoleucocytosis1897
acapnia1898
leucopenia1898
hypothyroidism1905
hypocapnia1908
lymphopenia1909
hypoparathyroidism1910
neutropenia1915
thrombopenia1915
thrombocytopenia1921
agranulocytosis1923
hypocalcaemia1925
insulin shock1925
hypochloraemia1927
granulocytopenia1931
hypopotassaemia1932
hypomagnesaemia1933
hypoproteinaemia1934
hyponatraemia1935
hypophosphataemia1935
hypoprothrombinaemia1936
hypoalbuminaemia1937
sideropenia1938
afibrinogenaemia1941
pancytopenia1941
hypokalaemia1949
agammaglobulinaemia1952
hypogammaglobulinaemia1955
haemoglobinopathy1957
1933 Jrnl. Clin. Investig. 12 982 (heading) Clinical manifestations of hypo- and hyper-magnesaemia.
1971 Arable Farmer Feb. 70/2 A high level of potash in the soil..can lead to hypomagnesaemia (grass staggers) in dairy cows.
hypomagnesaemic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)maɡnᵻˈsiːmɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌmæɡnəˈsimɪk/
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of blood > [adjective] > deficiency of other substances
dispirited1740
hypinotic1855
hypoglycaemic1923
thrombocytopenic1923
thrombopenic1924
neutropenic1932
hypocalcaemic1935
hypoproteinaemic1935
sideropenic1939
hypoprothrombinaemic1942
hypophosphataemic1946
hypopotassaemic1950
hypokalaemic1953
agammaglobulinaemic1954
hyponatraemic1955
hypomagnesaemic1960
1960 Times 28 Nov. 16/5 Hypomagnesaemic tetany was common on sheep that were rapidly transferred back from good pasture to poorer hill grazing.
hypomenous adj.
Brit. /hʌɪˈpɒmᵻnəs/
,
U.S. /haɪˈpɑmənəs/
[Greek μένειν to remain] Botany (see quot. 1866).
ΚΠ
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. 615/1 Hypomenous, free, not adherent; arising from below an organ, without adhering to it.
hypomeral adj.
Brit. /hʌɪˈpɒm(ə)rəl/
,
/hʌɪˈpɒm(ə)rl̩/
,
U.S. /haɪˈpɑm(ə)rəl/
pertaining to a hypomere.
hypomere n.
Brit. /ˈhʌɪpə(ʊ)mɪə/
,
U.S. /ˈhaɪpəˌmɪ(ə)r/
[Greek μέρος part] Biology the lower half of certain sponges.
ΚΠ
1887 W. J. Sollas in Encycl. Brit. XXII. 415/2 The lower half [of a Rhagon], which consists of all three fundamental layers, may be called the hypomere.
hypometabolism n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)mᵻˈtabəlɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊməˈtæbəˌlɪzəm/
Physiology metabolism at a low rate.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > metabolism > [noun] > types of
disassimilation1809
dissimilation1830
anabolism1886
catabolism1889
basal metabolism1914
hypometabolism1932
hypermetabolism1937
cryptobiosis1959
methylotrophy1972
1932 W. A. N. Dorland & E. C. L. Miller Med. Dict. (ed. 16) 6111/2 Hypometabolism.
1962 T. L. Sourkes Biochem. Mental Dis. xxiv. 302 This syndrome has been variously termed metabolic insufficiency, nonmyxedematous hypometabolism, and euthyroid hypometabolism.
hypomnematic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)mnᵻˈmatɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊmnəˈmædɪk/
[Greek ὑπομνηματικός, < ὑπόμνημα note, memorandum] having the form of memoranda or notes.
Π
1891 Athenæum 4 Apr. 435/2 The treatise [on ‘The Constitution of Athens’] is ‘hypomnematic’ in a very literal sense, presupposing familiarity with an existing body of literature.
hypomnestic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)mˈnɛstɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊmˈnɛstɪk/
[Greek ὑπομνηστικός suggestive to the memory] pertaining to or awakening recollection.
Π
1660 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. III. iv. 47 Of Signes.., some are, according to them, hypomnestick, others endictick.
hypomorph n.
Brit. /ˈhʌɪpə(ʊ)mɔːf/
,
U.S. /ˈhaɪpəˌmɔrf/
[-morph comb. form] Genetics any allele which is functionally less effective than the corresponding wild-type allele.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > allele > types of allele
dominant1900
unit character1902
multiple allelomorph1913
lethal1917
marker1930
multiple allele1930
amorph1932
hypomorph1932
neomorph1932
isoallele1943
hypermorph1949
1932 H. J. Muller in Proc. 6th Internat. Congr. Genetics I. 235 Scute-1 is therefore a hypomorph.
1946 Nature 12 Oct. 520/1 This mutant allele is therefore a hypomorph to the normal allele.
1962 I. H. Herskowitz Genetics xxiv. 210/1 Mutants having a similar but lesser effect than the normal gene are called hypomorphs.
hypomorphic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈmɔːfɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈmɔrfɪk/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈmɔrfɪk/
[-morphic comb. form]
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [adjective] > allele > types of allele
neomorphic1903
amorphic1932
hypermorphic1932
hypomorphic1932
diallelic1944
isoallelic1944
1932 H. J. Muller in Proc. 6th Internat. Congr. Genetics I. 235 Apricot, like eosin, is a mutant gene which produces an effect similar to that of the normal allelomorph, but a lesser effect... It is..like a lesser-normal. I therefore call it a ‘hypomorphic’ mutant.
1962 I. H. Herskowitz Genetics xxiv. 210/1 We can represent the relationship between the normal gene and its hypomorphic mutants diagrammatically.
hypomotility n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)məʊˈtɪlᵻti/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌmoʊˈtɪlᵻdi/
Medicine diminished movement, esp. of the stomach and intestines.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > [noun] > disordered functioning
ataxy1670
overaction1741
excitement1788
perversion1834
stammering1844
incompetency1865
incompetence1876
hypermotility1894
hypomotility1900
hypofunction1905
hyperfunction1909
hypoactivity1910
hyperfunctioning1918
hypofunctioning1926
1900 W. A. N. Dorland Amer. Illustr. Med. Dict. 312/2 Hypomotility.
1914 C. G. Stockton Dis. Stomach ix. 183 (heading) Diminished gastric motion, hypomotility, gastric atony.
1970 Radiology 94 303/2 An upper gastrointestinal examination..failed to show any abnormality, except for generalized hypomotility of the stomach and small intestine.
hyponatraemia n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)neɪˈtriːmɪə/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)nəˈtriːmɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌneɪˈtrimiə/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊnəˈtrimiə/
[natr- (in natrium n.) + Greek αἷμα blood] Physiology a lower than normal concentration of sodium in the blood.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of blood > [noun] > deficiency of other substances
hypinosis1845
anaemotrophy1860
hypoglycaemia1894
hypoleucocytosis1897
acapnia1898
leucopenia1898
hypothyroidism1905
hypocapnia1908
lymphopenia1909
hypoparathyroidism1910
neutropenia1915
thrombopenia1915
thrombocytopenia1921
agranulocytosis1923
hypocalcaemia1925
insulin shock1925
hypochloraemia1927
granulocytopenia1931
hypopotassaemia1932
hypomagnesaemia1933
hypoproteinaemia1934
hyponatraemia1935
hypophosphataemia1935
hypoprothrombinaemia1936
hypoalbuminaemia1937
sideropenia1938
afibrinogenaemia1941
pancytopenia1941
hypokalaemia1949
agammaglobulinaemia1952
hypogammaglobulinaemia1955
haemoglobinopathy1957
1935 W. A. N. Dorland & E. C. L. Miller Med. Dict. (ed. 17) 649/1 Hyponatremia.
1969 L. G. Wesson Physiol. Human Kidney xxvii. 554/1 Hyponatremia may be defined somewhat arbitrarily as a plasma sodium concentration less than 130 mM/L in man.
hyponatraemic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)neɪˈtriːmɪk/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)nəˈtriːmɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌneɪˈtrimɪk/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊnəˈtrimɪk/
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of blood > [adjective] > deficiency of other substances
dispirited1740
hypinotic1855
hypoglycaemic1923
thrombocytopenic1923
thrombopenic1924
neutropenic1932
hypocalcaemic1935
hypoproteinaemic1935
sideropenic1939
hypoprothrombinaemic1942
hypophosphataemic1946
hypopotassaemic1950
hypokalaemic1953
agammaglobulinaemic1954
hyponatraemic1955
hypomagnesaemic1960
1955 Arch. Internal Med. 95 21/1 Infants who present hyponatremic acidosis.
Categories »
hyponeuria n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈnjʊərɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈn(j)ʊriə/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈn(j)ʊriə/
[Greek νεῦρον nerve] Pathology deficient or diminished nervous power ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon).
hyponoia n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈnɔɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈnɔɪə/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈnɔɪə/
[Greek ὑπόνοια, < ὑπονοεῖν to suspect] underlying meaning.
Π
1897 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 290 Those who have no great skill at deciphering the Hyponoia, the underlying significance, of the Idylls.
hyponome n.
Brit. /ˈhʌɪpə(ʊ)nəʊm/
,
U.S. /ˈhaɪpəˌnoʊm/
[Greek ὑπονομή underground passage] Zoology the ambulatory pipe or fleshy funnel of a cephalopod.
ΚΠ
1884 A. Hyatt in Science 1 Feb. 123 The fleshy pipe is therefore an ambulatory pipe or hyponome.
hyponychial adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈnɪkɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈnɪkiəl/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈnɪkiəl/
[Greek ὄνυξ, ὀνυχ- nail] seated under the nail ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon 1886).
Categories »
hyponychon n.
Brit. /hʌɪˈpɒnᵻkən/
,
U.S. /haɪˈpɑnəkən/
(also hy'ponychum) [as hyponychial adj.] Pathology an effusion of blood under a nail ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon).
hypo-osmious adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpəʊˈɒzmɪəs/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˈɑzmiəs/
[osmium n.] Chemistry containing less oxygen than osmious compounds, as: hypo-osmious oxide = osmium monoxide OsO; hypo-osmious sulphite OsSO3.
ΚΠ
1868 H. B. Jones & H. Watts Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 10) 443 Hypo-osmious sulphite, SO3Os, is a black-blue salt.
hypo-osmotic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpəʊɒzˈmɒtɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌɑzˈmɑdɪk/
Π
1957 B. T. Scheer et al. Rec. Adv. Invertebr. Physiol. 237 The antennal secretion of P. crassipes is slightly hypo-osmotic to the blood in 50% sea water.
hypopepsia n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈpɛpsɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈpɛpsiə/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈpɛpsiə/
Pathology = hypopepsy n.
ΚΠ
1908 Practitioner Apr. 543 Chemically pure sub-nitrate..is equally successful in hypopepsia, apepsia, and hyperpepsia.
hypopepsy n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈpɛpsi/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈpɛpsi/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈpɛpsi/
[Greek πέψις digestion] Pathology defective digestion.
ΚΠ
1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 802 A marked degree of ‘hypopepsy’ due to catarrh.
Categories »
hypopetalous adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈpɛtələs/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈpɛtl̩əs/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈpɛdl̩əs/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈpɛdl̩əs/
(also †hypopetaleous, †hypopetalious) Botany having the petals inserted beneath the ovary (Mayne 1855); belonging to the Hypopetalae of Jussieu, a division of dicotyledonous polypetalous plants.
hypopetaly n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈpɛtəli/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈpɛtl̩i/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈpɛdl̩i/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈpɛdl̩i/
hypopetalous condition ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon 1886).
hypophalangia n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)fəˈlandʒɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊfəˈlændʒiə/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˌfeɪˈlændʒiə/
[Latin phalang- : see phalanx n.] Medicine the congenital absence of one or more digital phalanges.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > deformity > deformities of specific parts > [noun] > of fingers
brachydactylism1886
hyperphalangism1891
hyperphalangy1898
hyperphalangia1899
hypophalangia1905
brachydactyly1906
hypophalangism1911
symphalangism1916
hypophalangy1929
1905 Pop. Sci. Monthly July 195 A condition of hypophalangia (two-jointed instead of three-jointed digits).
1916 Genetics 1 90 Various types of developmental malformation of the hands and feet have been described under such terms as..hypophalangia.
hypophalangism n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)fəˈlandʒɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊfəˈlænˌdʒɪzəm/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˌfeɪˈlænˌdʒɪzəm/
= hypophalangia n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > deformity > deformities of specific parts > [noun] > of fingers
brachydactylism1886
hyperphalangism1891
hyperphalangy1898
hyperphalangia1899
hypophalangia1905
brachydactyly1906
hypophalangism1911
symphalangism1916
hypophalangy1929
1911 T. L. Stedman Pract. Med. Dict. 411/2 *Hypophalangism.
1965 Arch. Internal Med. 115 581/2 The present family is unique in that hypophalangism is limited to the fourth digits and associated with symphalangism.
hypophalangy n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈfaləndʒi/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)fəˈlandʒi/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊfəˈlændʒi/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˌfeɪˈlændʒi/
= hypophalangia n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > deformity > deformities of specific parts > [noun] > of fingers
brachydactylism1886
hyperphalangism1891
hyperphalangy1898
hyperphalangia1899
hypophalangia1905
brachydactyly1906
hypophalangism1911
symphalangism1916
hypophalangy1929
1929 R. R. Gates Heredity in Man viii. 154 Brachyphalangy combined with hypophalangy (less than five fingers) was transmitted for six generations.
hypophet n.
Brit. /ˈhʌɪpə(ʊ)fɛt/
,
U.S. /ˈhaɪpəˌfɛt/
[Greek ὑποϕήτης] an interpreter, expounder.
Π
a1843 R. Southey Common-place Bk. (1851) 4th Ser. 721/1 Greg. Nazianzen calls S. Basil..an interpreter of the Spirit. Hypophet as distinguished from prophet.
hypophloeodal adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈfliːədl/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈfliəd(ə)l/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈfliəd(ə)l/
see hypophloeous adj.
hypophloeodic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)flɪˈɒdɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊfliˈɑdɪk/
see hypophloeous adj.
Categories »
hypophloeous adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈfliːəs/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈfliəs/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈfliəs/
[Greek ϕλοιός bark] Botany (of lichens) growing under the outer layers of bark on trees, etc. (Mayne 1855).
hypophoneme n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈfəʊniːm/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈfoʊˌnim/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈfoʊˌnim/
[phoneme n.] Linguistics (in the terminology of stratificational grammar) a phonological unit (see quots.).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > [noun] > phoneme, allophone, etc.
phonea1866
phoneme1879
metaphone1930
diaphone1932
variphone1932
morphoneme1933
morphophoneme1934
microphoneme1935
stress phoneme1936
archiphoneme1937
allophone1938
diaphoneme1939
prosodeme1939
keneme1950
proto-phoneme1951
idiophoneme1955
morphon1964
hypophoneme1966
morphophone1967
1966 S. M. Lamb Outl. Stratificational Gram. 28 The tactics of the hypophonemic stratum of a language specifies how hypophonemes (i.e. phonological components) are arranged in segments and clusters.
1968 J. Algeo in South Atlantic Bull. 33 ii. 2 The distinctive features of sound, the hypophonemes in Lamb's terminology, and relatively easy to study because there are so few of them—only about twelve to fifteen in most languages. Sample hypophonemes are plosion, spirancy, nasality, labiality, and unvoicing.
1969 Language 45 303 Such alternations would be treated as alternate realizations of these phonons in terms of the units of the lower phonological stratum, the hypophonemes.
hypophonemic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)fəˈniːmɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊfəˈnimɪk/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > [adjective] > phoneme, allophone, etc.
diaphonic1932
morphonemic1934
morphophonemic1934
subphonemic1935
microphonemic1936
monophonemic1936
allophonic1938
diaphonemic1939
monophonematic1940
diphonemic1950
idiophonemic1958
morphophonic1962
morphophonematic1964
hypophonemic1966
morphonic1966
1966 S. M. Lamb Outl. Stratificational Gram. 18 Such cases have particularly attracted the attention of linguists in hypophonemic systems... The hypophonemic and hypersememic strata might be called the phonetic and semantic, respectively.
1966 S. M. Lamb Outl. Stratificational Gram. 19 The hypophonemic system appears not to have a sign pattern.
hypophonemically adv.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)fəˈniːmᵻkli/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊfəˈnimᵻk(ə)li/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > [adverb] > phoneme, allophone, etc.
morphophonemically1940
subphonemically1947
diaphonically1950
allophonically1951
diaphonemically1959
monophonematically1961
hypophonemically1969
1969 Language 45 307 In Figure 6 the first vowels of /gləsə́/ and /dəbə́/ would be treated as the same, as /Vo/ hypophonemically... They would be the same only when viewed as hypophonemic signs, which include non-distinctive as well as phonemic elements.
hypophonic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈfɒnɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈfɑnɪk/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈfɑnɪk/
serving as an accompaniment or response.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > church music > hymn > [adjective] > responsory
hypophonous1860
hypophonic1884
society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > religious or devotional > [adjective] > accompaniment or response
hypophonous1860
hypophonic1884
1884 P. Schaff et al. Relig. Encycl. III. 2554/2 The church-singing was at first only a sort of monotonous (hypophonic) cantilation.
hypophonous adj.
Brit. /hʌɪˈpɒfənəs/
,
/hʌɪˈpɒfn̩əs/
,
U.S. /haɪˈpɑfənəs/
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > church music > hymn > [adjective] > responsory
hypophonous1860
hypophonic1884
society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > religious or devotional > [adjective] > accompaniment or response
hypophonous1860
hypophonic1884
1860 J. H. A. Bomberger tr. J. H. Kurtz Ch. Hist. I. §89. 232 The laity continued for a long time the practise of hypophonous chants, which consisted of responses to the intonation [etc.].
hypophora n.
Brit. /hʌɪˈpɒf(ə)rə/
,
U.S. /haɪˈpɑf(ə)rə/
[Greek ὑποϕορά] Rhetoric the statement of an opponent's probable objection to the speaker's argument (cf. hypobole n.).
ΚΠ
1656 J. Smith Myst. Rhetorique Unvail'd 127 Hypophora..is when the speaker makes answer unto his own demand: As,..Shall we continue in sin, that grace may abound? God forbid.
hypophoria
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈfɔːrɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈfɔriə/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈfɔriə/
Ophthalmology latent strabismus in which there is a tendency for one eye to be directed below the line of sight of the other.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > disordered vision > [noun] > squinting or cross-eyes
cast1505
squint-eyedness1591
squinting1626
squinta1652
squintness1656
strabism1656
strabismus1684
cockeye1738
goggle-eye1822
nystagmus1822
cross-eyes1826
cross-eyedness1846
anorthopia1849
heterophthalmy1854
hyperphoria1881
heterophoria1886
hypertropia1897
intorsion1899
hypophoria1932
prairie squint1937
1932 L. C. Martin Introd. Appl. Optics II. iv. 143 In Hypophoria one eye turns downwards.
1964 S. Duke-Elder Parsons' Dis. Eye (ed. 14) xxx. 472 It is impossible to be sure whether there is absolute hyperphoria of one eye or hypophoria of the other, the condition being relative.
hypophosphataemia n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)fɒsfəˈtiːmɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌfɑsfəˈtimiə/
[Greek αἷμα blood] Physiology an abnormally low concentration of phosphates in the blood.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of blood > [noun] > deficiency of other substances
hypinosis1845
anaemotrophy1860
hypoglycaemia1894
hypoleucocytosis1897
acapnia1898
leucopenia1898
hypothyroidism1905
hypocapnia1908
lymphopenia1909
hypoparathyroidism1910
neutropenia1915
thrombopenia1915
thrombocytopenia1921
agranulocytosis1923
hypocalcaemia1925
insulin shock1925
hypochloraemia1927
granulocytopenia1931
hypopotassaemia1932
hypomagnesaemia1933
hypoproteinaemia1934
hyponatraemia1935
hypophosphataemia1935
hypoprothrombinaemia1936
hypoalbuminaemia1937
sideropenia1938
afibrinogenaemia1941
pancytopenia1941
hypokalaemia1949
agammaglobulinaemia1952
hypogammaglobulinaemia1955
haemoglobinopathy1957
1935 D. H. Shelling Parathyroids vi. 138 Fish has found hypophosphatemia as well as hypocalcemia.
1962 Lancet 2 June 1169/1 The other forms of rickets and osteomalacia are of the vitamin-D-resistant type, and are characterised by persistent hypophosphatæmia.
hypophosphataemic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)fɒsfəˈtiːmɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌfɑsfəˈtimɪk/
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of blood > [adjective] > deficiency of other substances
dispirited1740
hypinotic1855
hypoglycaemic1923
thrombocytopenic1923
thrombopenic1924
neutropenic1932
hypocalcaemic1935
hypoproteinaemic1935
sideropenic1939
hypoprothrombinaemic1942
hypophosphataemic1946
hypopotassaemic1950
hypokalaemic1953
agammaglobulinaemic1954
hyponatraemic1955
hypomagnesaemic1960
1946 M. R. Everett Med. Biochem. (ed. 2) viii. 628 The Fanconi syndrome (intractable hypophosphatemic rachitis accompanied by acidosis and renal glycosuria).
1968 R. F. Pitts Physiol. Kidney & Body Fluids (ed. 2) xiii. 237/2 One or the other parent is hypophosphatemic.
hypophosphatasia n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)fɒsfəˈteɪzɪə/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)fɒsfəˈteɪʒə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌfɑsfəˈteɪʒ(i)ə/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˌfɑsfəˈteɪziə/
Pathology a familial congenital disease associated with an abnormally low level of alkaline phosphatase in the body and defective bone development.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > congenital or hereditary syndromes > [noun]
amyelia1865
amelia1872
congenital myotonia1886
myotonia congenita1887
Thomsen's disease1890
von Recklinghausen's disease1899
pseudoxanthoma1900
Werdnig–Hoffmann1903
myotonia atrophica1908
Fröhlich1909
Milroy's disease1909
Lindau disease1928
Steinert's disease1932
von Hippel–Lindau disease1932
Werner's syndrome1934
Sturge–Weber syndrome1935
gargoylism1936
Morgagni's syndrome1936
Hurler's disease1937
von Willebrand1941
Turner1942
autism1944
hypophosphatasia1948
Klinefelter1950
mucopolysaccharidosis1952
progeria1957
Pendred1960
Down's syndrome1961
Patau's syndrome1961
Marinesco–Sjögren syndrome1962
cri du chat syndrome1964
Prader–Willi syndrome1964
Noonan syndrome1965
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome1966
Wernicke–Korsakoff1966
Down1967
mannosidosis1969
mucolipidosis1970
Asperger's syndrome1971
Angelman syndrome1972
adrenoleukodystrophy1973
SCID1973
severe combined immune deficiency1973
Miller–Dieker syndrome1980
Asperger1988
Asperger's disorder1994
1948 J. C. Rathbun in Amer. Jrnl. Dis. Children 75 831 It was therefore decided to call this disease ‘hypophosphatasia’ to single out the remarkably low alkaline phosphatase levels.
1957 Amer. Jrnl. Med. 22 730/1 There is now good evidence that hypophosphatasia is a specific genetically determined metabolic disease characterized by three salient features: (1) abnormal mineralization of bone, (2) diminished alkaline phosphatase activity, and (3) increased urinary excretion of phosphorylethanolamine.
hypophyllium n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈfɪlɪəm/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈfɪliəm/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈfɪliəm/
[Greek ϕύλλιον little leaf] Botany (see quot. 1866).
ΚΠ
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. 615/1 Hypophyllium, a small abortive leaf, like a scale, placed below a cluster of leaf-like branches, or leaves.
† hypophylloˈspermous adj. [Greek ϕύλλον leaf + σπέρμα seed] Botany Obsolete (see quot. 1704).
ΚΠ
1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Hypophyllospermous-plants, are such as bear their Seeds on the Backsides of their Leaves; as the Capillaries.
hypophyllous adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈfɪləs/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈfɪləs/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈfɪləs/
[Greek ϕύλλον leaf] Botany growing under, or on the under side of, a leaf.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > [adjective] > on particular part or side of leaf
intrafoliaceous1760
intramarginal1829
hypophyllous1855
interveinal1934
1855 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Hypophyllous.
1857 M. J. Berkeley Introd. Cryptogamic Bot. §570. 508 The circinate æstivation and hypophyllous fruit..at once establish their nature.
1871 M. C. Cooke Brit. Fungi 502 Brand-spores hypophyllous, blackish, surrounded by the ferruginous epidermis.
hypophysical adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈfɪzᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈfɪzək(ə)l/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈfɪzək(ə)l/
[physical n.] lying beneath or below the physical.
hypophysics n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈfɪzɪks/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈfɪzɪks/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈfɪzɪks/
matters that lie beneath physics.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > [noun] > science or subject of
subterranean geography1624
non-natural1696
supernaturalism1796
supranaturalism1821
hypophysicsa1834
hyperphysics1855
preternaturalism1864
the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > materialism > [noun]
corporealism1678
materialism1678
somatisma1731
hypophysicsa1834
dialectics1887
a1834 S. T. Coleridge Lit. Remains (1836) I. 349 Holding the antimoralism of Paley and the hypophysics of Locke.
1878 F. Ferguson Pop. Life Christ vi. 68 He called upon them to explain physics and metaphysics, hyperphysics and hypophysics.
hypopial adj.
Brit. /ˈhʌɪpəʊpɪəl/
,
/hʌɪˈpəʊpɪəl/
,
U.S. /haɪˈpoʊpiəl/
pertaining to the hypopus.
Π
1884 D. M. Albert Brit. Oribatidæ 5 The Tyroglyphidæ are usually parasitic during the curious hypopial stage.
hypopituitarism n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)pᵻˈtjuːᵻtərɪz(ə)m/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)pᵻˈtʃuːᵻtərɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊpəˈt(j)uədəˌrɪzəm/
[pituitary adj. + -ism suffix] Pathology diminished hormone secretion by the pituitary body.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered secretion > [noun] > hormonal disorders
hyperthyroidism1900
hypothyroidism1905
hyperpituitarism1909
hypopituitarism1909
hypoparathyroidism1910
thyrotoxicosis1911
hyperparathyroidism1917
hypogonadism1918
Cushing's disease1934
Cushing's syndrome1934
panhypopituitarism1941
pseudohypoparathyroidism1942
Sheehan's syndrome1950
Stein–Leventhal syndrome1950
pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism1952
aldosteronism1954
hyperaldosteronism1955
Albright's dystrophy1957
Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy1962
1909 H. Cushing in Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 24 July 249/1 (heading) The hypophysis cerebri. Clinical aspects of hyperpituitarism and of hypopituitarism. [Note] From an etymological point of view the terms hyper-, hypo-, dys-, and a-pituitarism are doubtless of badly mixed parentage, but there are certain obvious objections to such a combination as hypohypophysism.
1921 Glasgow Herald 10 Sept. 4/5 There were several causes of dwarfism; sometimes disorders of the thyroid gland were the cause, but other varieties were produced by hypo-pituitarism.
1961 Lancet 30 Sept. 760/2 Prof. H. L. Sheehan showed that, in severe postpartum hypopituitarism, patients who had occasional uterine bleeding had just as great a destruction of the anterior pituitary as those who had permanent amenorrhœa.
hypopituitary adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)pᵻˈtjuːᵻt(ə)ri/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)pᵻˈtʃuːᵻt(ə)ri/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊpəˈt(j)uəˌtɛri/
of, pertaining to, or affected with hypopituitarism.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered secretion > [adjective] > hormonal disorders
hypothyroid1909
hypoparathyroid1910
hyperthyroid1916
hyperthyroidic1916
hypothyroidic1916
hypopituitary1921
hyperpituitary1924
hypogonadal1933
pseudohypoparathyroid1950
hyperparathyroid1961
1921 Endocrinology 5 800 A presentation of five cases of preadolescent hypopituitary infantilism.
1955 R. H. Williams Textbk. Endocrinol. (ed. 2) ix. 604 The hypopituitary dwarfs usually show marked retardation of their epiphysial development.
hypoplankton n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈplaŋ(k)tən/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈplæŋkt(ə)n/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈplæŋkt(ə)n/
plankton found in the layer of water directly above the bottom of the ocean.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > organism > plankton > [noun] > types of
brit1838
limnoplankton1893
zooplankton1897
meroplankton1899
potamoplankton1899
pseudoplankton1899
cryoplankton1902
hypoplankton1902
microplankton1903
haloplankton1909
holoplankton1909
meroplankton1909
nanoplankton1912
neuston1928
aeroplankton1932
staph1933
astroplankton1954
picoplankton1978
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXIII. 933/2 It is possible that the plankton immediately over the bottom [of the ocean] may prove to be sufficiently distinct to be separately classed as hypoplankton.
1903 Nature 5 Nov. 23/2 There is evidence that certain forms [of Copepoda] are confined to the bottom, and form part of a true hypoplankton.
1942 H. U. Sverdrup et al. Oceans xvii. 814 The swimming powers of many animals put them midway between the plankton and the nekton, and many forms..live both on or near the bottom and are sometimes called hypoplankton.
1955 C. C. Davis Marine & Fresh-water Plankton i. 28 The hypoplankton consists of plankters living near the bottom.
hypoplasia n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈpleɪzɪə/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈpleɪʒə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈpleɪʒ(i)ə/
,
/ˌhaɪpəˈpleɪziə/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈpleɪʒ(i)ə/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈpleɪziə/
[Greek -πλασία, πλάσις formation] Pathology defective growth of an organ or tissue.
ΚΠ
1886 J. M. Duncan Clin. Lect. Dis. Women (ed. 3) xv. 124 In one of these, which I examined, there was marked hypoplasia of the decidua.
hypoplastral adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈplastr(ə)l/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈplæstrəl/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈplæstrəl/
pertaining to the hypoplastron.
hypoplastron n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈplastr(ə)n/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈplæstrən/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈplæstrən/
Zoology (Huxley's name for) the third lateral piece of the plastron of Chelonia: = hyposternal adj. and n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > reptiles > order Chelonia (turtles and tortoises) > [noun] > member of > parts of > shell or parts of
shell1542
tortoiseshell1601
breastplate1698
plastron1831
hyposternal1835
neural plate1849
nuchal1864
hypoplastron1871
medullary plate1879
neural1888
neural bone1889
1871 T. H. Huxley Man. Anat. Vertebrated Animals v. 202 In the Turtle the plastron consists of nine pieces..the third, hypoplastron.
Categories »
hypoplasty n.
Brit. /ˈhʌɪpə(ʊ)plasti/
,
U.S. /ˈhaɪpəˌplæsti/
[Greek πλαστός moulded, formed] Pathology ‘a diminution of the fibrin in the blood; also, a diminution of the nutritive or generative activity’ ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon 1886).
hypopleura n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈplʊərə/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈplɔːrə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈplʊrə/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈplʊrə/
the region on the thorax of Diptera underneath the metapleuron and above the middle and posterior coxæ.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Diptera or flies > [noun] > member of > parts of > hypopleura
hypopleura1884
hypopleuron1951
1884 Trans. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 503 Hypopleura, a distinct piece above the two last pairs of coxæ, and behind the sternopleura, from which it is separated by a suture.
hypopleura n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈplʊərə/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈplɔːrə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈplʊrə/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈplʊrə/
Π
1951 L. S. West Housefly ii. 28 The hypopleura lies behind the middle coxa, the sternopleura just in front.
hypopleural adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈplʊərəl/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈplʊərl̩/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈplɔːrəl/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈplɔːrl̩/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈplʊrəl/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈplʊrəl/
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Diptera or flies > [adjective] > of or relating to hypopleura
hypopleural1884
1884 Trans. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 511 Hypopleural bristles.
hypopleuron n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈplʊərɒn/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈplɔːrɒn/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈplʊˌrɑn/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈplʊˌrɑn/
Entomology
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Diptera or flies > [noun] > member of > parts of > hypopleura
hypopleura1884
hypopleuron1951
1951 C. N. Colyer & C. O. Hammond Flies Brit. Isles 24 Spiracles or apertures of the tracheae (breathing-tubes) are located before the mesopleuron and behind the hypopleuron respectively.
hypoploid adj. and n.
Brit. /ˈhʌɪpə(ʊ)plɔɪd/
,
U.S. /ˈhaɪpəˌplɔɪd/
[-ploid comb. form] Genetics (a) adj. having one or a few chromosomes (originally also chromosome fragments) missing from a haploid, diploid, triploid, etc., set; containing such cells; (b) n. a hypoploid cell or individual.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [adjective] > chromosome > ploidy
haploid1906
amphikaryotic1909
polyenergid1911
polyploid1911
triploid1911
tetraploid1914
hexaploid1920
octoploid1921
pentaploid1921
triplex1921
orthoploid1923
aneuploid1924
heteroploid1926
allopolyploid1927
monoploid1928
haplontic1929
hyperdiploid1929
amphidiploid1930
hyperploid1930
hypoploid1930
polysomic1930
mixoploid1931
allotetraploid1932
autopolyploid1934
autotetraploid1935
autoploid1937
polysomatic1937
monosomatic1939
polyploidizing1941
polyploidogenic1944
amphiploid1945
merodiploid1961
pseudodiploid1963
the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > chromosome > ploidy > individual
haploid1908
tetraploid1914
haplont1918
hexaploid1921
pentaploid1921
pseudotetraploid1923
octoploid1926
triploid1927
allopolyploid1928
autopolyploid1928
polyploid1928
hyperdiploid1929
allotetraploid1930
autotetraploid1930
hyperploid1930
hypoploid1930
autoploid1932
polysomic1933
mixoploid1939
monoploid1944
amphiploid1945
merozygote1956
merodiploid1964
1930 Jrnl. Genetics 22 306 Other individuals—‘hypoploids’—may fail to inherit the fragment.
1930 Jrnl. Genetics 22 313 Viable heteroploid or hypoploid zygotes.
hypoploidy n.
Brit. /ˈhʌɪpə(ʊ)plɔɪdi/
,
U.S. /ˈhaɪpəˌplɔɪdi/
the condition of being hypoploid.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > chromosome > ploidy
triploidy1916
tetraploidy1918
haploidy1921
hexaploidy1922
polyploidy1922
octoploidy1924
aneuploidy1925
heteroploidy1926
allopolyploidy1927
autopolyploidy1928
hyperdiploidy1929
polysomy1929
hyperploidy1930
hypoploidy1930
mixoploidy1931
syndiploidy1932
allotetraploidy1933
autotetraploidy1935
monoploidy1937
polysomaty1937
ploidy1940
pseudodiploidy1965
polysomatism1967
1930 Jrnl. Genetics 22 329 The phaenotypic effects of hypoploidy and hyperploidy of every portion of the chromatin.
1969 N. S. Cohn Elem. Cytol. (ed. 2) xvi. 373 An addition or loss of less than an entire set of chromosomes..is called aneuploidy, and it subsumes two classes, hypoploidy and hyperploidy.
Categories »
hypopodium n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈpəʊdɪəm/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈpoʊdiəm/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈpoʊdiəm/
[Greek πούς, ποδ- foot] Botany the stalk of the carpels ( Treasury Bot. 1866).
hypopotassaemia n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)pɒtəˈsiːmɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˌpɑdəˈsimiə/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˌpɑdəˈsimiə/
[Greek αἷμα blood] Physiology an abnormally low concentration of potassium in the blood.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of blood > [noun] > deficiency of other substances
hypinosis1845
anaemotrophy1860
hypoglycaemia1894
hypoleucocytosis1897
acapnia1898
leucopenia1898
hypothyroidism1905
hypocapnia1908
lymphopenia1909
hypoparathyroidism1910
neutropenia1915
thrombopenia1915
thrombocytopenia1921
agranulocytosis1923
hypocalcaemia1925
insulin shock1925
hypochloraemia1927
granulocytopenia1931
hypopotassaemia1932
hypomagnesaemia1933
hypoproteinaemia1934
hyponatraemia1935
hypophosphataemia1935
hypoprothrombinaemia1936
hypoalbuminaemia1937
sideropenia1938
afibrinogenaemia1941
pancytopenia1941
hypokalaemia1949
agammaglobulinaemia1952
hypogammaglobulinaemia1955
haemoglobinopathy1957
1932 W. A. N. Dorland & E. C. L. Miller Med. Dict. (ed. 16) 612/2 Hypopotassemia.
1949 Jrnl. Clin. Investig. 28 409/1 Hypopotassemia may appear during therapy of diabetic acidosis or coma.
1963 J. H. Bland Clin. Metabolism Body Water xxi. 574/1 Muscle weakness and paralysis are commonly observed in both hypopotassemia and hyperpotassemia.
hypopotassaemic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)pɒtəˈsiːmɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˌpɑdəˈsimɪk/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˌpɑdəˈsimɪk/
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of blood > [adjective] > deficiency of other substances
dispirited1740
hypinotic1855
hypoglycaemic1923
thrombocytopenic1923
thrombopenic1924
neutropenic1932
hypocalcaemic1935
hypoproteinaemic1935
sideropenic1939
hypoprothrombinaemic1942
hypophosphataemic1946
hypopotassaemic1950
hypokalaemic1953
agammaglobulinaemic1954
hyponatraemic1955
hypomagnesaemic1960
1950 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 16 Dec. 1328 A resultant hypopotassemic, hypochloremic alkalosis.
1953 Lancet 11 July 60/1 The more familiar hypopotassæmic paralysis.
hypoproteinaemia n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)prəʊtᵻˈniːmɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˌproʊˌtiˈnimiə/
,
/ˌhaɪpəˌproʊtnˈimiə/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˌproʊˌtiˈnimiə/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˌproʊtnˈimiə/
[Greek αἷμα blood] Physiology an abnormally low concentration of protein in the blood.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of blood > [noun] > deficiency of other substances
hypinosis1845
anaemotrophy1860
hypoglycaemia1894
hypoleucocytosis1897
acapnia1898
leucopenia1898
hypothyroidism1905
hypocapnia1908
lymphopenia1909
hypoparathyroidism1910
neutropenia1915
thrombopenia1915
thrombocytopenia1921
agranulocytosis1923
hypocalcaemia1925
insulin shock1925
hypochloraemia1927
granulocytopenia1931
hypopotassaemia1932
hypomagnesaemia1933
hypoproteinaemia1934
hyponatraemia1935
hypophosphataemia1935
hypoprothrombinaemia1936
hypoalbuminaemia1937
sideropenia1938
afibrinogenaemia1941
pancytopenia1941
hypokalaemia1949
agammaglobulinaemia1952
hypogammaglobulinaemia1955
haemoglobinopathy1957
1934 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 105 327 (heading) The effect of nutritional hypoproteinemia on the electrolyte pattern and calcium concentration of serum.
1961 Lancet 5 Aug. 299/1 Hypoproteinæmia may be due to impaired synthesis of protein (especially albumin) in malnutrition or liver disease, or..to abnormal loss of protein in starvation, after injury, and from discharges.
hypoproteinaemic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)prəʊtᵻˈniːmɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˌproʊˌtiˈnimɪk/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˌproʊˌtiˈnimɪk/
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of blood > [adjective] > deficiency of other substances
dispirited1740
hypinotic1855
hypoglycaemic1923
thrombocytopenic1923
thrombopenic1924
neutropenic1932
hypocalcaemic1935
hypoproteinaemic1935
sideropenic1939
hypoprothrombinaemic1942
hypophosphataemic1946
hypopotassaemic1950
hypokalaemic1953
agammaglobulinaemic1954
hyponatraemic1955
hypomagnesaemic1960
1935 Clin. Sci. II. 60 Hypoproteinæmic.
1942 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 3 Jan. 22 The disturbed osmotic relations in the hypoproteinemic dog.
1966 J. W. Linman Princ. Hematol. v. 156 Hypoproteinemic dogs or rats.
hypoprothrombinaemia n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpəʊprə(ʊ)θrɒmbᵻˈniːmɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊproʊˌθrɑmbəˈnimiə/
[Greek αἷμα blood] Medicine an abnormally low concentration of prothrombin in the blood; a disorder so characterized.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of blood > [noun] > deficiency of other substances
hypinosis1845
anaemotrophy1860
hypoglycaemia1894
hypoleucocytosis1897
acapnia1898
leucopenia1898
hypothyroidism1905
hypocapnia1908
lymphopenia1909
hypoparathyroidism1910
neutropenia1915
thrombopenia1915
thrombocytopenia1921
agranulocytosis1923
hypocalcaemia1925
insulin shock1925
hypochloraemia1927
granulocytopenia1931
hypopotassaemia1932
hypomagnesaemia1933
hypoproteinaemia1934
hyponatraemia1935
hypophosphataemia1935
hypoprothrombinaemia1936
hypoalbuminaemia1937
sideropenia1938
afibrinogenaemia1941
pancytopenia1941
hypokalaemia1949
agammaglobulinaemia1952
hypogammaglobulinaemia1955
haemoglobinopathy1957
1936 Jrnl. Exper. Med. 63 798 Titration of prothrombin, however, revealed a very marked hypoprothrombinemia.
1961 Lancet 19 Aug. 390/1 Subacute intestinal obstruction associated with excessive hypoprothrombinæmia due to oral anticoagulant therapy.
1962 Lancet 27 Jan. 177/1 Two types of hereditary hypoprothrombinæmia are known to exist.
hypoprothrombinaemic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpəʊprə(ʊ)θrɒmbᵻˈniːmɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊproʊˌθrɑmbəˈnimɪk/
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of blood > [adjective] > deficiency of other substances
dispirited1740
hypinotic1855
hypoglycaemic1923
thrombocytopenic1923
thrombopenic1924
neutropenic1932
hypocalcaemic1935
hypoproteinaemic1935
sideropenic1939
hypoprothrombinaemic1942
hypophosphataemic1946
hypopotassaemic1950
hypokalaemic1953
agammaglobulinaemic1954
hyponatraemic1955
hypomagnesaemic1960
1942 Chem. Abstr. 20 Nov. 7087 The danger of the hypoprothrombinemic hemorrhage was very slight.
Categories »
hypopterate adj.
Brit. /hʌɪˈpɒptəreɪt/
,
U.S. /haɪˈpɑptəˌreɪt/
[Greek πτερόν wing] Botany ‘applied by Mirbel to a cupula when it is winged inferiorly’ (Mayne 1855).
hypoptilar adj.
Brit. /hʌɪˈpɒptᵻlə/
,
U.S. /haɪˈpɑptələr/
Categories »
hypoptilum n.
Brit. /hʌɪˈpɒptᵻləm/
,
U.S. /haɪˈpɑptələm/
[Greek πτίλον feather] Ornithology the subsidiary shaft or plume of a feather, which springs from the main stem at the junction of quill and rachis; the after-shaft, the hyporachis.
hypopus n.
Brit. /ˈhʌɪpə(ʊ)pəs/
,
U.S. /ˈhaɪpəpəs/
[Greek ὑπόπους having feet beneath] Zoology a heteromorphous nymphal form of certain acaroids.
ΚΠ
1884 Michael in Jrnl. Linn. Soc.: Zool. 17 379 The true Hypopus is a heteromorphous nymphal form of Tyroglyphus.
hypopygial adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈpɪdʒɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈpɪdʒiəl/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈpɪdʒiəl/
pertaining to the hypopygium; situated under the end of the abdomen.
hypopygium n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈpɪdʒɪəm/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈpɪdʒiəm/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈpɪdʒiəm/
[Greek ὑποπύγιον rump, tail, πυγή buttocks] Entomology (a) see quot.; (b) the clasping organ at the end of the abdomen of many male dipterous insects.
ΚΠ
1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. 390 Hypopygium, the last ventral segment of the abdomen.
1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. 707 In many other insects it [sc. the podex] unites with the last ventral segment, the hypopygium, to form a tube for that organ [sc. the ovipositor].
hyporachidian adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpəʊrəˈkɪdɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊrəˈkɪdiən/
(also hyporrhˈchidian) of or pertaining to the hyporachis.
hyporachis n.
Brit. /hʌɪˈpɒrəkɪs/
,
U.S. /haɪˈpɔrəkəs/
(also hyporrhachis) [Greek ῥάχις spine] Ornithology the accessory rachis or shaft of a bird's feather, the hypoptilum.
ΚΠ
1886 Newton in Encycl. Brit. XX. 505/2 [The contour-feathers of the Rheas] want the hyporrhachis or after-shaft that in the Emeus and Cassowaries is so long as to equal the main shaft.
hyporadial adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈreɪdɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈreɪdiəl/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈreɪdiəl/
of or pertaining to the hyporadii of a feather.
Categories »
hyporadius n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈreɪdɪəs/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈreɪdiəs/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈreɪdiəs/
Ornithology one of the barbs of the after-shaft or hyporachis of a feather.
hyporchema n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpɔːˈkiːmə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪˌpɔrˈkimə/
(also hyporcheme
Brit. /ˈhʌɪpɔːkiːm/
,
U.S. /ˈhaɪˌpɔrˌkim/
) [Greek ὑπόρχημα, < ὀρχεῖσθαι to dance] a choral hymn to Apollo, accompanied by dancing and pantomimic action.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > church music > hymn > kinds of hymn > Apollonian > [noun]
hyporchema1603
society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > religious or devotional > [noun] > hymn or song of praise > hymn to Apollo
hyporchema1603
1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 801 Hee who hath proceeded well in these Hyporchemata [etc.].
1873 J. A. Symonds Stud. Greek Poets v. 118 The choric hymn, called Hyporchem..originally formed a portion of the cult of Phoebus.
hyporchematic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpɔːkiːˈmatɪk/
,
/ˌhʌɪpɔːkɪˈmatɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪˌpɔrˌkiˈmædɪk/
[Greek ὑπορχηματικός] accompanied by dancing.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > dancing > [adjective] > involving or characterized by dancing
saltatory1656
saltatorian1823
hyporchematic1850
saltatorial1893
1850 J. Leitch tr. K. O. Müller Ancient Art (new ed.) §77 The gymnopædic, hyporchematic, and other kinds of orchestics were..cultivated in a highly artistic manner.
hyporrhined adj.
Brit. /ˈhʌɪpə(ʊ)rʌɪnd/
,
U.S. /ˈhaɪpəˌraɪnd/
[Greek ὑπόρρῑνος under the nose, ὑπορρίνιον moustache] moustached.Apparently an isolated use.
Π
1894 R. D. Blackmore Perlycross III. ix. 177 A man..hyporrhined with a terse moustache.
hyporrhythmic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈrɪðmɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈrɪðmɪk/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈrɪðmɪk/
[rhythmic adj.] deficient in rhythm; said of a heroic hexameter in which the caesura is not observed ( Cent. Dict.).
ΚΠ
1955 Arch. Internal Med. 95 2/2 The opportunity to study various types of congenital hypothrombinemic states repeatedly over a period..has furnished data on their clinical course.
hyposcleral adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈsklɪərəl/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈsklɪərl̩/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈsklɛrəl/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈsklɛrəl/
[see sclerotic adj.1] Surgery performed beneath the sclerotic coat of the eye.
ΚΠ
1880 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 389 The operation of hyposcleral cyclotomy cuts through the ciliary body.
Categories »
hyposclerite n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈsklɪərʌɪt/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈsklɛrʌɪt/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈsklɛˌraɪt/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈsklɛˌraɪt/
[Greek σκληρός hard] Mineralogy a blackish-green less hard variety of albite n. (Dana Min. (1868) 350).
hyposclerous adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈsklɪərəs/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈsklɛrəs/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈsklɛrəs/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈsklɛrəs/
somewhat hard ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon 1886).
hyposcope n.
Brit. /ˈhʌɪpə(ʊ)skəʊp/
,
U.S. /ˈhaɪpəˌskoʊp/
[-scope comb. form, after periscope n.] Military a form of periscope for attachment to a rifle or for use as a hand instrument.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > instrument for distant vision > [noun] > periscope (at sea) > periscope (on land)
periscope1899
hyposcope1902
trenchoscope1915
trench periscope1915
trenchscope1915
1902 Daily Chron. 16 July 9/1 The ‘Hyposcope’ competition..the peculiarity of which is that, by an optical contrivance, the marksman, completely under cover, may fire round a corner, so to speak, at an enemy.
1915 Illustr. London News 20 Feb. 236/1 A trench-periscope (or, to give it its correct name, a hyposcope)... The Hyposcope is on the principle of the camera-obscura.
hyposecretion n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)sᵻˈkriːʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊsəˈkriʃən/
diminished secretion.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered secretion > [noun]
hypersecretion1864
hyposecretion1909
1909 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 24 July 251/2 A condition of hyposecretion of this part of the gland.
1939 B. J. E. Ihre Human Gastric Secretion vii. 95 A reduced rate of secretion (hyposecretion).
hyposkeletal adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈskɛlᵻtl/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)skᵻˈliːtl/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈskɛləd(ə)l/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈskɛləd(ə)l/
[see skeleton n.] Anatomy developed below the endoskeleton; = hypaxial adj. (cf. episkeletal adj.).
ΚΠ
1871 T. H. Huxley Man. Anat. Vertebrated Animals ii. 45 The hyposkeletal muscles are separated from the episkeletal..by the ventral branches of the spinal nerves.
hyposmotic n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpɒzˈmɒtɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪˌpɑzˈmɑdɪk/
see hypo-osmotic adj.
hyposmotic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpɒzˈmɒtɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪˌpɑzˈmɑdɪk/
Physiology = hypotonic adj. 1; const. to.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > secretory organs > secretion > [adjective] > osmotic pressure
hyperosmotic1892
hypertonic1895
hypotonic1895
isosmotic1895
isotonic1895
hyposmotic1905
iso-osmotic1908
1905 W. H. Howell Text-bk. Physiol. 885 A hypotonic or hyposmotic solution is one whose osmotic pressure is less than that of serum.
1963 R. P. Dales Annelids v. 104 The ability to form a hyposmotic urine.
1971 W. J. McCauley Vertebr. Physiol. i. 9 If it has a lower osmotic pressure, it is said to be a hypoosmotic solution.
† hypoˈsphagma n. (also ˈhyposphagm) [Greek ὑπόσϕαγμα] Obsolete a contusion; a blood-shot eye.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > [noun] > bloodshot or bloodshot eye
bloodshot1552
blood-shotten1578
blood-shotting1578
hyposphagma1615
bloodshed1652
blood eye1658
blood-shottenness1659
1615 J. Day Festivals 310 Those which are sicke of the Disease the Phisitions call Hyposphagma, imagine that all things they see are bloudy and red.
1660 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. III. iv. 12 They who have a Hyphosphagme in their eyes.
1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 342 The hyposphagme, or contusion, being a red or livid spot, caused by bloud flowing out the veines opened.
hyposphenal adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈsfiːnl/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈsfin(ə)l/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈsfin(ə)l/
Categories »
hyposphene n.
Brit. /ˈhʌɪpə(ʊ)sfiːn/
,
U.S. /ˈhaɪpəˌsfin/
[Greek σϕήν wedge] Comparative Anatomy (Cope's name for) a wedge-shaped vertebral process situated on the neural arch below the postzygapophyses, in some extinct reptiles of the Permian period.
hyposporangium n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)spəˈran(d)ʒɪəm/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊspəˈrændʒiəm/
[sporangium n.] Botany the indusium of a fern, when this grows from beneath the spore-case.
ΚΠ
1886 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Hyposporangium, term used by Bernhardi for the indusium of ferns which bears the sporangium itself, as in the Adiantum.
hyposternal adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈstəːnl/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈstərn(ə)l/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈstərn(ə)l/
[Greek ὑπόστερνος : see sternum n.] Anatomy (a) adj. in hyposternal bone; (b) n. (St. Hilaire's name for) the hypoplastron of a chelonian; also called hypoˈsternum.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > reptiles > order Chelonia (turtles and tortoises) > [noun] > member of > parts of > shell or parts of
shell1542
tortoiseshell1601
breastplate1698
plastron1831
hyposternal1835
neural plate1849
nuchal1864
hypoplastron1871
medullary plate1879
neural1888
neural bone1889
1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 284/1 Two posterior lateral pieces [termed] the hyposternals.
1854 R. Owen Struct. Skeleton & Teeth in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 217 The junction between the hyo- and hypo-sternals admits of some yielding movement.
Categories »
hyposthenic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈsθɛnɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈsθɛnɪk/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈsθɛnɪk/
[Greek σθένος strength] Pathology of a medicine or disease: having power to lower or reduce strength (Mayne 1855).
hyposthenuria n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)sθᵻˈnjʊərɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊsθəˈn(j)ʊriə/
,
/ˌhaɪpəsθəˈn(j)ʊriə/
[Greek σθένος strength + -uria comb. form] Medicine the secretion of urine of abnormally low specific gravity.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > urinary disorders > [noun] > low specific gravity
hyposthenuria1900
1900 W. A. N. Dorland Amer. Illustr. Med. Dict. 313/2 *Hyposthenuria.
1909 J. B. Herrick in Osler & McCrae Syst. Med. VI. vi. 126 Unless hyposthenuria be counteracted by polyuria, renal insufficiency must result.
1971 J. Song Pathol. Sickle Cell Dis. xv. 284 Hyposthenuria in sickle cell anemia was considered a reversible renal defect by Keitel et al.
Categories »
hypostigma n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈstɪɡmə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈstɪɡmə/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈstɪɡmə/
[Greek ὑποστιγμή a comma] Palaeography the comma, which in ancient punctuation had the form of a modern full stop.
hypostilbite n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈstɪlbʌɪt/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈstɪlˌbaɪt/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈstɪlˌbaɪt/
Mineralogy a hydrous silicate of alumina and lime allied to stilbite, with which it is often associated.
ΚΠ
1868 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. (ed. 5) 442 Hypostilbite occurs on the island of Faröe with stilbite and epistilbite.
Categories »
hypostomatous adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈstəʊmətəs/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈstɒmətəs/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈstoʊmədəs/
,
/ˌhaɪpəˈstɑmədəs/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈstoʊmədəs/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈstɑmədəs/
(also hyˈpostomous) [Greek στόμα, στοματ- mouth] Zoology having the mouth inferior, as certain fishes and infusoria (Hypostomata).
hypostroma n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈstrəʊmə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈstroʊmə/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈstroʊmə/
[Greek στρῶμα layer] Botany (Martius' name for) the cellular layer supporting the stroma of fungi.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > fungi > [noun] > parts of > cells and tissue
chive1721
spawn1731
mushroom spawn1753
volva1753
ring1777
veil1777
curtain1796
wrapper1796
fungin1813
subiculum1821
cortina1832
velum1832
mycelium1836
uterus1836
gleba1847
hypostroma1855
sulcus1856
rhizopod1859
tigellule1860
trichophore1860
hypha1866
hypothecium1866
rhizopodium1866
annulus1871
capillitium1871
acervulus1872
weft1875
capsule1883
clamp-connection1887
periphysis1887
chain gemma1893
trumpet hypha1900
metula1915
monokaryon1935
1855 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Hypostroma.
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. 615/2 Hypostroma, the mycelium of certain fungals.
hypostrophe n.
Brit. /hʌɪˈpɒstrəfi/
,
U.S. /haɪˈpɑstrəfi/
[Greek ὑποστροϕή turning back] (a) Pathology (i) a turning or tossing as of the sick in bed; (ii) a relapse, return of a disease; (iii) a falling back, as of the womb (Mayne 1855); (b) Rhetoric reversion to a subject after a parenthesis.
hypostyle adj.
Brit. /ˈhʌɪpə(ʊ)stʌɪl/
,
U.S. /ˈhaɪpəˌstaɪl/
[Greek ὑπόστυλος ; see style n.] Architecture having the roof supported on pillars.
ΚΠ
1831 Westm. Rev. 14 416 The hypostyle hall, and some other additions that he made to the temple of Karnac.
Categories »
hypostyptic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈstɪptɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈstɪptɪk/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈstɪptɪk/
[see styptic adj. and n.] Medicine slightly astringent (Mayne 1855).
hyposyllogistic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)sɪləˈdʒɪstɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌsɪləˈdʒɪstɪk/
having the value, but not the strict form, of a syllogism.
hyposystole n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈsɪstəli/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈsɪstəli/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈsɪstəli/
Pathology defective contraction of the ventricles of the heart.
ΚΠ
1901 Westm. Gaz. 24 July 6/3 The nervous depression and the hyposystole of the heart are less accentuated.
hypotactic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈtaktɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈtæktɪk/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈtæktɪk/
[Greek ὑποτακτικός] Grammar dependent, subordinate in construction (cf. hypotaxis n.).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic relations > [adjective] > subordinating or subordinated
subordinative1830
hypotactic1896
embedded1961
1896 Academy 12 Sept. 186/2 In which the sentence is subordinated, both in meaning and in outward form, to another—in other words, is ‘hypotactic’.
hypotarsal adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈtɑːsl/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈtɑrs(ə)l/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈtɑrs(ə)l/
Categories »
hypotarsus n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈtɑːsəs/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈtɑrsəs/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈtɑrsəs/
[tarsus n.] Ornithology a process of the hinder part of the tarso-metatarsus of most birds; the talus or so-called calcaneum.
hypotaurine n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈtɔːriːn/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈtɔˌrin/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈtɔˌrin/
[ < French hypotaurine (Chatagner & Bergeret 1951, in Compt. Rend. CCXXXII. 450)] Chemistry a pale yellow crystalline amino-acid, NH2(CH2)2SO2H, found in some higher organisms; 2-aminoethanesulphinic acid.
ΚΠ
1951 Chem. Abstr. 45 6232 H2N(CH2)2SO2H, tentatively named hypotaurine.
1965 A. Meister Biochem. Amino Acids (ed. 2) I. i. 75 This amino acid [sc. l-cysteinesulfinic acid], and the product of its decarboxylation, hypotaurine,..have been found in the free state in rat brain.
1966 Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 117 495 (heading) The occurrence of hypotaurine and other sulfur-containing amino acids in seminal plasma and spermatozoa of boar, bull and dog.
hypotaxis n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈtaksɪs/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈtæksəs/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈtæksəs/
[Greek ὑπόταξις, < τάσσειν to place] Grammar subordination, subordinate construction.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic relations > [noun] > subordination
subordination1830
hypotaxis1883
nesting1957
embedding1961
1883 B. L. Gildersleeve in Amer. Jrnl. Philol. IV. 420 Now to make hypotaxis out of parataxis we must have a joint.
1886 Meyer in Philol. Soc. Proc. 18 June p. xliv The paratactical arrangement of sentences, in preference to hypotaxis.
hypotensor n.
Brit. /ˈhʌɪpə(ʊ)tɛnsə/
,
U.S. /ˈhaɪpəˌtɛnsər/
a therapeutic which reduces arterial tension.
Π
1908 Practitioner Apr. 545 A..welcome addition will be made to the limited class of ‘hypotensors’.
hypothecial adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈθiːsɪəl/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈθiːʃl/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈθiʃ(ə)l/
,
/ˌhaɪpəˈθisiəl/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈθiʃ(ə)l/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈθisiəl/
hypothecium n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈθiːsɪəm/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈθisiəm/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈθisiəm/
[Greek θηκίον, diminutive of θήκη case] Botany (see quots.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > fungi > [noun] > parts of > cells and tissue
chive1721
spawn1731
mushroom spawn1753
volva1753
ring1777
veil1777
curtain1796
wrapper1796
fungin1813
subiculum1821
cortina1832
velum1832
mycelium1836
uterus1836
gleba1847
hypostroma1855
sulcus1856
rhizopod1859
tigellule1860
trichophore1860
hypha1866
hypothecium1866
rhizopodium1866
annulus1871
capillitium1871
acervulus1872
weft1875
capsule1883
clamp-connection1887
periphysis1887
chain gemma1893
trumpet hypha1900
metula1915
monokaryon1935
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. 615/2 Hypothecium, the cellular stratum below the thalamium of lichenals.
1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. 269 The term Hypothecium is given to the mass of fibres lying beneath the sub-hymenial layer.
hypothenar adj.
Brit. /hʌɪˈpɒθᵻnə/
,
U.S. /haɪˈpɑθənər/
[Greek ὑποθέναρ, < θέναρ palm of the hand] Anatomy of or pertaining to the eminence on the inner side of the palm, over the metacarpal bone of the little finger.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > extremities > hand > [adjective] > other parts of
hypothenar1706
back-handed1813
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Hypothenar (in Anat.), a Muscle which helps to draw the little Finger from the rest; also the space from the Fore~finger to the little Finger.
1836–9 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. II. 523/2 On the inner side of the palm is the hypothenar eminence.
hypothermal adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈθəːml/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈθərm(ə)l/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈθərm(ə)l/
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > mineral deposits > [adjective] > types of deposit
veined1785
nodular1794
vein1822
wandering1886
warped1886
hypothermal1906
supergene1914
mesothermal1922
podiform1928
xenothermal1935
1906 Practitioner Nov. 623 Baths below 93° F. are, therefore, known as hypo-thermal baths. Baths, with a range of temperature between 93° and 98° F., are sub-thermal, while above 98° they are called thermal.
1922 W. Lindgren in Econ. Geol. XVII. 293 The terminology proposed..would be as follows:..A. Hydrothermal deposits. a. Epithermal. Formed by ascending hot waters near the surface in or near effusive rocks at relatively low temperature and pressure. b. Mesothermal. Formed by ascending hot waters in or near intrusive rocks at intermediate temperature and pressure. c. Hypothermal. Formed by ascending hot water in or near intrusive rocks at high temperature and pressure... The prefix ‘hypo’ has been substituted for ‘kata’ to correspond with Ransome's now generally accepted terms of ‘hypogene waters’, the suggestion implied being that the hypogene waters are principally derived from the region of the hypothermal deposits.
1969 G. M. Bennison & A. E. Wright Geol. Hist. Brit. Isles x. 247 The latter [mineral veins] are of two phases, hypothermal and mesothermal, usually of different and characteristic trend.
1970 C. F. Park & R. A. MacDiarmid Ore Deposits (ed. 2) xii. 294 Many minerals of the igneous metamorphic zone continue without interruption into the hypothermal zone.
hypothermic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈθəːmɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈθərmɪk/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈθərmɪk/
[Greek ὑπόθερμος somewhat warm, < θερμός warm, hot] (a) tepid; (b) relating to reduction of the heat of the body; (c) Geology of, pertaining to, or designating mineral and ore deposits formed by hydrothermal action at relatively high temperature and pressure.
hypothermy n.
Brit. /ˈhʌɪpə(ʊ)θəːmi/
,
U.S. /ˈhaɪpəˌθərmi/
‘the condition of being hypothermal’ ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon 1886).
hypotrichosis n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)trᵻˈkəʊsɪs/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊtrəˈkoʊsəs/
[ < German Hypotrichose (R. Bonnet 1892, in Anat. Hefte I. i. viii. 235), < Greek τρίχωσις growth of hair, < τριχοῦν to cover with hair (θρίξ, τριχ- hair)] Pathology partial or complete absence of hair.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > disorders of hair > [noun] > loss of hair
alopeciaa1398
alopecya1400
red scall1578
foxes evil1607
fox-evil1659
area1661
madarosis1684
pelade1753
defluvium1817
trichorrhœa1860
hypotrichosis1896
pseudopelade1909
androgenic alopecia1970
androgenetic alopecia1977
1896 T. L. Stedman 20th Cent. Pract. V. 575 Bonnet.. suggests designating any lack of hair through error of development, hypotrichosis.
1968 A. J. Rook et al. Textbk. Dermatol. II. xlvi. 1377 Congenital hypotrichosis of sufficient degree to cause social embarrassment..is not uncommon.
hypotrichotic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)trʌɪˈkɒtɪk/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)trᵻˈkɒtɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌtraɪˈkɑdɪk/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊtrəˈkɑdɪk/
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > disorders of hair > [adjective] > loss of hair
alopecian1676
peladic1899
hypotrichotic1937
1937 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 118 627 The administration of cystine stimulated hair growth in the hypotrichotic rat.
hypotrichous adj.
Brit. /hʌɪˈpɒtrᵻkəs/
,
U.S. /haɪˈpɑtrəkəs/
[Greek θρίξ, τριχ- hair] Zoology of or pertaining to the Hypotricha, an order of the class Ciliata of Protozoa, having the locomotive cilia confined to the ventral surface.
ΚΠ
1885 E. R. Lankester in Encycl. Brit. XIX. 862/2 One of the Hypotricha; lateral view of the animal when using its great hypotrichous processes as ambulatory organs.
Categories »
hypotrophy n.
Brit. /hʌɪˈpɒtrəfi/
,
U.S. /haɪˈpɑtrəfi/
[Greek τροϕή nourishment] Pathology a condition of an organ or part due to defective nourishment (Mayne 1855).
hypotympanic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)tɪmˈpanɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌtɪmˈpænɪk/
[see tympanum n.] Anatomy (a) adj. situated beneath the tympanum; applied esp. to the lower bone of the jaw-pier in osseous fishes; (b) n. the quadrate.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > parts of fish > [noun] > bones (various types of)
grate1481
pharyngeal1791
suboperculum1818
supratemporal1834
shackle-joint1837
mastoid1840
wrist1840
mastoid bone1841
subopercular1841
mesotympanic1846
suprascapula1846
hypobranchials1848
hypotympanic1848
urohyal1848
radius1854
epicentral1866
pterotic1866
mesocoracoid1868
supraclavicle1868
precoracoid1869
symplectic1870
hypural1871
mesopterygoid1871
post-temporal1871
postclavicle1872
brachial1873
urostyle1875
hypercoracoid1876
admaxillary1885
intercalarium1887
palatopterygoquadrate1888
subtectal1888
Weberian apparatus1889
Weberian ossicles1889
radial1890
supracleithrum1903
1848 R. Owen On Archetype & Homologies Vertebr. Skeleton 60 The homologue of the hypotympanic of batrachians and fishes.
1880 A. Günther Introd. Study of Fishes 55 The large triangular hypotympanic or quadrate has a large condyle for the mandibulary joint.
hypotypic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈtɪpɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈtɪpɪk/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈtɪpɪk/
hypotypical adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈtɪpᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈtɪpᵻk(ə)l/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈtɪpᵻk(ə)l/
subtypical; not fully typical.
hypovanadate n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈvanədeɪt/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈvænəˌdeɪt/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈvænəˌdeɪt/
Chemistry a salt of hypovanadic acid.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > salts > [noun] > salts named by atomic number > vanadates or vanadites
vanadiate1833
vanadite1835
hypovanadate1855
1855 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Hypovanadate.
1897 H. E. Roscoe & C. Schorlemmer Treat. Chem. II. 745 The hypovanadates are all insoluble except those of the alkali metals.
1897 H. E. Roscoe & C. Schorlemmer Treat. Chem. II. 746 Silver hypovanadate, Ag2V2O5, is a black crystalline powder.
hypovanadic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)vəˈnadɪk/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)vəˈneɪdɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊvəˈneɪdɪk/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊvəˈnædɪk/
Chemistry containing less oxygen than a vanadic compound, as hypovaˈnadic oxide = vanadium tetroxide, V2O4.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > vanadium > [adjective] > in higher valency > containing less oxygen
hypovanadic1855
1855 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Hypovanadic.
1879 H. E. Roscoe & C. Schorlemmer Treat. Chem. II. 290 Thus vanadic salts are yellow; the hypovanadic salts blue; the vanadious salts green; and the hypovanadious salts lavender-coloured.
hypovanadious adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)vəˈneɪdɪəs/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊvəˈneɪdiəs/
Chemistry containing less oxygen than a vanadious compound, as hypovanadious oxide = vanadium dioxide, V2O2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > vanadium > [adjective] > in lower valency > containing less oxygen
hypovanadious1879
1879 H. E. Roscoe & C. Schorlemmer Treat. Chem. II. 289 The solution of hypovanadious sulphate absorbs oxygen with such avidity as to bleach indigo.
hypovitaminosis n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)vɪtəmᵻˈnəʊsɪs/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌvaɪdəməˈnoʊsəs/
[-osis suffix] Pathology any condition caused by vitamin deficiency.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered nutrition > [noun] > vitamin deficiency
deficiency disease1912
avitaminosis1914
hypovitaminosis1923
ariboflavinosis1939
1923 T. L. Stedman Pract. Med. Dict. (ed. 7) Hypovitaminosis.
1946 Nature 7 Sept. 342/2 The excretion of aneurin was decreased on account of deficient renal function, a fact not signifying hypovitaminosis in this case.
hypovolaemia n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)vəˈliːmɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌvoʊˈlimiə/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊvəˈlimiə/
[vol- (in volume n.) + Greek αἷμα blood] Physiology a decreased volume of circulating blood in the body.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of blood > [noun] > deficiency of blood
oligaemia1843
oligemy1857
hypovolaemia1925
1925 G. E. Brown & L. G. Rowntree in Arch. Internal Med. 35 132 In view of..confusion,..terms as follows are suggested: (1) normovolemia for normal blood volume, (2) hypervolemia for increased blood volume, and (3) hypovolemia for decreased blood volumes. These terms are self-explanatory and apply only to volume states.
1935 B. Harrow & C. P. Sherwin Textbk. Biochem. xv. 413 Simple hypovolemia occurs in obesity and in certain types of renal edema. Polycythemic hypovolemia occurs in conditions of..water deprivation.
1965 R. P. Morehead Human Pathol. xxi. 501/2 Deficient water absorption leads to hypovolemia, dehydration, or both.
hypovolaemic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)vəˈliːmɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpoʊˌvoʊˈlimɪk/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊvəˈlimɪk/
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of blood > [adjective] > deficiency of blood
oligaemic1848
hypovolaemic1952
1952 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 6 Sept. 11 The question of whether the normovolemic or the hypovolemic patient or animal should be used in evaluation of plasma expanders.
1961 A. C. Guyton Textbk. Med. Physiol. (ed. 2) xxxvii. 482/2 One of the most common types of shock..is that caused by hemorrhage; this is called hemorrhagic shock and is a type of hypovolemic shock.
hypoxaemia n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpɒkˈsiːmɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpɑkˈsimiə/
[ < French hypoxémie (P. A. Piorry Traité de Méd. pratique (1847) III. 123), < ox-ygène + -émie (Greek αἷμα blood)] Medicine = anoxaemia n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of blood > [noun] > deficiency of air or oxygen
venosity1817
blue jaundice1821
cyania1822
cyanose1834
cyanosis1834
malaeration1843
hypoxaemia1886
anoxaemia1890
acrocyanosis1896
1886 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Hypoxæmia.
1936 Brain 59 115 The hypoxaemia of arterial and of arm vein blood encountered in a large proportion of epileptics is an expression of the stagnant physical and mental state which so often accompanies epilepsy.
1971 R. Porter & J. Knight High Altitude Physiol. 36 25 per cent of the reported cases of chronic mountain sickness have some type of pathology which per se produces hyperventilation and hypoxaemia.
hypoxia n.
Brit. /hʌɪˈpɒksɪə/
,
U.S. /haɪˈpɑksiə/
[ox- (in oxygen n.) + -ia suffix1] Medicine = anoxia n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > [noun] > deficiency of oxygen
shock1804
anoxia1931
hypoxia1941
1941 Ann. Internal Med. 14 1245 During hypoxia..blood flow is increased.
1967 New Scientist 26 Jan. 195/1 Today, the single most important cause of perinatal deaths is intrauterine hypoxia, in which the foetus becomes starved of oxygen because of impaired metabolism in the placenta.
1970 Sci. Amer. Feb. 53/2 Life on the mountains is made rigorous not only by hypoxia but also by cold.
hypoxic adj.
Brit. /hʌɪˈpɒksɪk/
,
U.S. /haɪˈpɑksɪk/
of or pertaining to hypoxia; deficient in oxygen.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > [adjective] > deficiency of oxygen
anoxic1920
hypoxic1958
1958 C. C. Adams et al. Space Flight 243 The hypoxic zone, less than three miles up, where the decreased oxygen pressure brings human psychological and physiological discomfort.
1966 Lancet 24 Dec. 1381/2 Polycythæmia secondary to hypoxic lung disease.
1970 Sci. Amer. Feb. 56/1 The mountain dwellers' metabolism also appears to be affected by the hypoxic conditions.
Categories »
hypoxylous adj.
Brit. /hʌɪˈpɒksᵻləs/
,
U.S. /haɪˈpɑksələs/
[Greek ξύλον wood] Botany pertaining to ascomycetous fungi of the genus Hypoxylon, which grow on trees, decaying wood, etc.
hypozeugma n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈz(j)uːɡmə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈzuɡmə/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈzuɡmə/
[zeugma n.] Grammar the combination of several subjects with a single verb or predicate.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic unit or constituent > [noun] > subject > combination of
hypozeugma1589
rerewarder1589
1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xii. 137 If such supplie be placed after all the clauses..then is he called by the Greeks Hypozeugma.
1706 in Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) ; and in mod. dicts.
hypozeuxis n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈz(j)uːksɪs/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈzuksəs/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈzuksəs/
[Greek ὑπόζευξις] Grammar the use of several parallel clauses, each having its own subject and verb.
ΚΠ
1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xii. 138 If this supplie be made to sundrie clauses, or to one clause sundrie times iterated..then is it called by the Greekes Hypozeuxis.
hypozoa n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈzəʊə/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈzoʊə/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈzoʊə/
[Greek ζῷον animal] Zoology a subdivision of the animal kingdom, including the lowest living forms; = Protozoa n. ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon 1886).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > protozoa > [noun]
cryptozoa1794
Protozoa1825
oozoa1835
hypozoa1887
1887 St. G. Mivart in Encycl. Brit. XXII. 106 Those lowly organisms known as Protozoa or Hypozoa.
hypozoan adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈzəʊən/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈzoʊən/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈzoʊən/
hypozoic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈzəʊɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈzoʊɪk/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈzoʊɪk/
(a) Geology lying beneath the strata which contain remains of living organisms; (b) Zoology of or pertaining to the Hypozoa ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon 1886).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > protozoa > [adjective]
protozoic1864
hypozoic1865
protozoal1865
protozoan1869
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > sedimentary formation > [adjective] > of or belonging to a stratum > underlying or bottom
fundamental1791
submedial1822
hypozoic1865
1865 Intellect. Observer No. 40. 283 This approach to a hypozoic zero.
1876 D. Page Adv. Text-bk. Geol. (ed. 6) vi. 121 The term Hypozoic simply points out their position as lying under those systems which are decidedly fossiliferous.

Draft additions 1993

hyposplenism n.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈspliːnɪz(ə)m/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈsplɛnɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈspliˌnɪzəm/
,
/ˌhaɪpəˈsplɛˌnɪzəm/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈspliˌnɪzəm/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈsplɛˌnɪzəm/
[ < German Hyposplenie (H. Eppinger 1913, in Berliner Klin. Wochenschr. Latin 1509/2)] Pathology an abnormally low rate of activity of the spleen, esp. as regards the repair of damaged red blood cells.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > glandular disorders > [noun] > disorders of spleen
elf-cake1579
ague cake1597
splenitis1753
lienitis1845
perisplenitis1881
wandering spleen1897
splenohepatomegaly1900
spleno-megaly1900
hypersplenism1914
hyposplenism1914
splenosis1939
1914 Arch. Internal Med. 14 145 A condition of decreased function [of the spleen] may be conceived to be within the range of organ activity, a state of hyposplenism.
1966 J. W. Linman Princ. Hematol. xii. 449 The hematologic effects of splenectomy are definite and provide insight into the functions of the normal spleen. All blood cells are affected by ‘hyposplenism’.
1987 D. J. Weatherall et al. Oxf. Textbk. Med. (ed. 2) II. xix. 245/1 The peripheral blood changes of hyposplenism are quite frequently associated with an underlying malabsorption syndrome.
hyposplenic adj.
Brit. /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈspliːnɪk/
,
/ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈsplɛnɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈsplinɪk/
,
/ˌhaɪpəˈsplɛnɪk/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈsplinɪk/
,
/ˌhaɪpoʊˈsplɛnɪk/
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > glandular disorders > [adjective] > disorders of spleen
splenetic?1543
splenitic1578
spleenish1598
splenatic1607
splenitive1633
milt-grown1662
splenic1867
perisplenitic1899
splenomegalic1900
hyposplenic1941
hypersplenic1946
1941 Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. 202 185 In studies of a case showing large numbers of target cells..and many features of Cooley's erythroblastic anemia..the possibility of a ‘hyposplenic’ condition was postulated.
hypotrich n.
Brit. /ˈhʌɪpə(ʊ)trɪk/
,
U.S. /ˈhaɪpəˌtrɪk/
Zoology a hypotrichous organism; also as adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > protozoa > class Infusoria > subclass Ciliata > [noun] > other types of
hypotrich1926
the world > animals > invertebrates > protozoa > class Infusoria > subclass Ciliata > [adjective] > belonging to Hypotricha
hypotrich1926
1926 G. N. Calkins Biol. Protozoa viii. 390 The hypotrichs are rarely parasitic..; a few are tube-dwelling..but the great majority are bottom feeders with..creeping movement on their cirri.
1967 P. A. Meglitsch Invertebr. Zool. iii. 70/1 Hypotrichs..are flattened forms, with the body ciliature reduced to a set of cirri, composed of many cilia fused together.
1976 Nature 22 July 256/1 The ends of the gene-sized minichromosomes of hypotrich ciliate macronuclei are palindromic.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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