howeveradv.

Brit.

/haʊˈɛvə/, U.S.

/haʊˈɛvər/

Inflections: contracted howe'er

/haʊˈɛə(r)/.

Etymology: < how adv. + ever adv. 6.In senses 2, 3, however is the relic of an original subordinate clause (like those of sense 1), such as ‘however this may be’.

1. Introducing a subordinate clause, sometimes with yet in the principal clause:

a. qualifying a verb: In whatever manner, by whatever means.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > [adverb] > in whatever way

how so?c1275

howsomevera1300

howeverc1380

howa1400

howsoeverc1450

anyway1642

c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 330 Hou-euer antecrist glauer, he letteþ not god to do his wille.

a1440 Sir Degrev. 864 I shal juste with that duke, Or I gete a rebuke, How ever that hyt be!

a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iv. i. 67 I coniure you..(How ere you come to know it) answer me.

1709 J. Addison Tatler No. 119. ⁋1 I am still in Doubt, whether it passed in my sleeping or waking Thoughts. However it was, I fancied that my good Genius stood at my Bed's-Head.

1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 204 Men of Chios, Thurii, or however and whatever you call yourselves.

b. qualifying an adjective (or past participle) or adverb: To whatever extent. Hence often used elliptically with an adjective or adverb alone.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > degree or relative amount of a quality, action, etc. > [adverb] > to whatever extent

howeverc1475

c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 7 A bodily þing of how euer litil price howiþ not to be bout, but wiþ þis wisdam.

c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme lxxvi. 23 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 102 The most ragefull..thou, how euer furious Shalt eft restraine.

1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear vi. 116 I shall serue you truly, how euer else.

1707 J. Freind Acct. Earl of Peterborow's Conduct in Spain 230 He wou'd yet endeavour, how~ever our circumstances seem'd desperate, to secure the kingdom of Valencia.

1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. vi. 54 However dark the habitation of the mole to our eyes, yet the animal itself finds the apartment sufficiently lightsome.

1845 M. Pattison in Christian Remembrancer Jan. 83 His innocence, however manifest, could not save him.

1885 Times 25 May 9 Trawlers will, of course, protest against any interference, however slight.

c. However much; notwithstanding that; although. Obsolete or archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > [adverb] > although

thoughc888

whethera1400

however1591

howsoever1599

howsomevera1616

1591 E. Spenser Teares of Muses in Complaints 523 How ever yet they mee despise and spight, I feede on sweet contentment of my thought.

1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xiv. 67 How ere thou art a fiend, A womans shape doth shield thee.

1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. viii. 55 The Idea of Black is no less positive in his Mind, than that of White, however the cause of that Colour in the external Object, may be only a Privation.

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 175. ⁋4 However those who have passed through half the life of man, may now wonder [etc.].

1846 R. C. Trench Christ Desire of All Nations iii. 57 Humanity, however it craved a God for its deliverer, yet craved just as earnestly a man.

†2. In any case, at all events, at any rate. Obsolete. (Now merged in sense 3.)

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > [adverb] > at all events, at any rate

alwayc1405

alwaysa1413

of all hands1548

when all is said and done?1570

after all1590

howevera1616

at all rates1667

at any rate1730

whether or no1784

anyhow1799

anyways1828

anyhows1830

anyway1832

any road1855

anywise1859

whatever1870

any old how1900

anyhoo1924

nohow1926

anyroads1929

a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) i. i. 34 If hap'ly won, perhaps a haplesse gaine; If lost, why then a grieuous labour won; How euer: but a folly bought with wit.

a1625 J. Fletcher Bonduca v. iii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Iiii3^v/2 A child, that must have died how-ever.

1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. iv. 77 Till we know the whole, or, however, much more of the Case.

1790 W. Paley Horæ Paulinæ Rom. i. 11 At the same time with, or soon however following, the contribution..made in Achaia.

3. Qualifying a sentence or clause as a whole: For all that, nevertheless, notwithstanding; yet; = but at the beginning of the sentence.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > [adverb] > however, nevertheless, notwithstanding

though-whetherc897

nathelesseOE

though971

whetherOE

yetOE

neverlOE

what for-thyc1175

nethelessa1200

never the latterc1225

algatec1230

in spite of (despite, maugre, etc.) one's teethc1230

nought for thatc1275

(all) for noughtc1325

(in) spite of one's nosec1325

alway1340

thoughless1340

ne'er the later (also latter)a1382

ne'er the lessa1382

neverlatera1382

neverthelessa1382

ne for-thia1400

neverlessa1400

not-againstandinga1400

nauthelessc1400

nouthelessc1400

algatesc1405

noughtwithstanding1422

netherless?a1425

notwithstanding1425

nethertheless1440

not gainstandingc1440

not the lessa1450

alwaysa1470

howbeit1470

never þe quedera1475

nought the lessc1480

what reck?a1513

nonetheless1533

howsomever1562

after all1590

in spite of spite1592

meantime1594

notwithstand1596

withal1596

in the meanwhile1597

meanwhile1597

howsoever1601

in (one's) spite?1615

however1623

in the meantime1631

non obstante1641

at the same time1679

with a non-obstante to1679

stilla1699

the same1782

all the same1803

quand même1825

still and all1829

anyhow1867

anyway1876

still and ona1894

all the samey1897

just the same1901

but1939

1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iv. i. 108 All the Land knowes that: How euer, yet there is no great breach.

1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 601 I however Must not omit a Fathers timely care.

1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. x. 92 This curiosity of theirs, however, was attended with very serious effects.

1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 27 However they did not think such bold changes within their commission.

1861 M. Pattison in Westm. Rev. Apr. 415 It has been even said that this church was built by the Germans, which however was not the case.

1865 J. Lubbock Prehist. Times i. 19 Bronze arrows, however, are not very common in Northern Europe.

†4. In any way whatsoever; at all. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [adverb] > by any means or at all

anyhow1637

however1673

anyhows1875

1673 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd II. 139 All Laws however are but Probationers of time.

1720 J. Clarke Ess. Educ. Youth 63 I cannot but be much of Mr. Locke's Mind, with respect to Versifying however.

5. Interrogative (and conjunctive): How, in any circumstances or way whatever? (See ever adv. 6c(a)) colloquial.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > [adverb] > in what way

howOE

what-wisea1375

howgatea1400

however1871

the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > circumstance or circumstances > [adverb] > how in any circumstances

however1871

1607 R. C. tr. H. Estienne World of Wonders 240 I shal desire him to consider how ever it was possible.]

1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust I. xiii. 179 However is it, such A man can think and know so much?

1899 N.E.D. at However Mod. However do you manage that?

6. Used by itself, or followed by points of suspension, as an interjection, or as a formula concluding, introducing, or modifying an utterance in some contextual way.

ΚΠ

1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda II. iv. xxxii. 319 I have not yet written a word... And I told the girls to leave it to me. However!

1901 M. Beerbohm Variety of Things (1928) 217 [I] doubt whether my creative power in caricature can be quite so strong as I had supposed. However…

1936 ‘N. Blake’ Thou Shell of Death viii. 137 Comes of givin' a vote to every hayseed and short-weight grocer in the —— However, hrrumph, where was I?

1964 D. Warner Death of Dreamer i. i. 9 We don't want to know where the stuff comes from but where it goes to. However!

1966 I. Jefferies House-surgeon i. 11 I..said, ‘However. Not to interrupt what you were asking me.’

1968 M. Woodhouse Rock Baby vii. 66 ‘Our component reliability was very high indeed during trials. However.’ ‘Go on,’ I said.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	however
释义	howeveradv. Brit. /haʊˈɛvə/, U.S. /haʊˈɛvər/ Inflections: contracted howe'er /haʊˈɛə(r)/. Etymology: < how adv. + ever adv. 6.In senses 2, 3, however is the relic of an original subordinate clause (like those of sense 1), such as ‘however this may be’. 1. Introducing a subordinate clause, sometimes with yet in the principal clause: a. qualifying a verb: In whatever manner, by whatever means. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > [adverb] > in whatever way how so?c1275 howsomevera1300 howeverc1380 howa1400 howsoeverc1450 anyway1642 c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 330 Hou-euer antecrist glauer, he letteþ not god to do his wille. a1440 Sir Degrev. 864 I shal juste with that duke, Or I gete a rebuke, How ever that hyt be! a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iv. i. 67 I coniure you..(How ere you come to know it) answer me. View more context for this quotation 1709 J. Addison Tatler No. 119. ⁋1 I am still in Doubt, whether it passed in my sleeping or waking Thoughts. However it was, I fancied that my good Genius stood at my Bed's-Head. 1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 204 Men of Chios, Thurii, or however and whatever you call yourselves. b. qualifying an adjective (or past participle) or adverb: To whatever extent. Hence often used elliptically with an adjective or adverb alone. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > degree or relative amount of a quality, action, etc. > [adverb] > to whatever extent howeverc1475 c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 7 A bodily þing of how euer litil price howiþ not to be bout, but wiþ þis wisdam. c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme lxxvi. 23 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 102 The most ragefull..thou, how euer furious Shalt eft restraine. 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear vi. 116 I shall serue you truly, how euer else. View more context for this quotation 1707 J. Freind Acct. Earl of Peterborow's Conduct in Spain 230 He wou'd yet endeavour, how~ever our circumstances seem'd desperate, to secure the kingdom of Valencia. 1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. vi. 54 However dark the habitation of the mole to our eyes, yet the animal itself finds the apartment sufficiently lightsome. 1845 M. Pattison in Christian Remembrancer Jan. 83 His innocence, however manifest, could not save him. 1885 Times 25 May 9 Trawlers will, of course, protest against any interference, however slight. c. However much; notwithstanding that; although. Obsolete or archaic. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > [adverb] > although thoughc888 whethera1400 however1591 howsoever1599 howsomevera1616 1591 E. Spenser Teares of Muses in Complaints 523 How ever yet they mee despise and spight, I feede on sweet contentment of my thought. 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xiv. 67 How ere thou art a fiend, A womans shape doth shield thee. View more context for this quotation 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. viii. 55 The Idea of Black is no less positive in his Mind, than that of White, however the cause of that Colour in the external Object, may be only a Privation. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 175. ⁋4 However those who have passed through half the life of man, may now wonder [etc.]. 1846 R. C. Trench Christ Desire of All Nations iii. 57 Humanity, however it craved a God for its deliverer, yet craved just as earnestly a man. †2. In any case, at all events, at any rate. Obsolete. (Now merged in sense 3.) ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > [adverb] > at all events, at any rate alwayc1405 alwaysa1413 of all hands1548 when all is said and done?1570 after all1590 howevera1616 at all rates1667 at any rate1730 whether or no1784 anyhow1799 anyways1828 anyhows1830 anyway1832 any road1855 anywise1859 whatever1870 any old how1900 anyhoo1924 nohow1926 anyroads1929 a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) i. i. 34 If hap'ly won, perhaps a haplesse gaine; If lost, why then a grieuous labour won; How euer: but a folly bought with wit. View more context for this quotation a1625 J. Fletcher Bonduca v. iii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Iiii3^v/2 A child, that must have died how-ever. 1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. iv. 77 Till we know the whole, or, however, much more of the Case. 1790 W. Paley Horæ Paulinæ Rom. i. 11 At the same time with, or soon however following, the contribution..made in Achaia. 3. Qualifying a sentence or clause as a whole: For all that, nevertheless, notwithstanding; yet; = but at the beginning of the sentence. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > [adverb] > however, nevertheless, notwithstanding though-whetherc897 nathelesseOE though971 whetherOE yetOE neverlOE what for-thyc1175 nethelessa1200 never the latterc1225 algatec1230 in spite of (despite, maugre, etc.) one's teethc1230 nought for thatc1275 (all) for noughtc1325 (in) spite of one's nosec1325 alway1340 thoughless1340 ne'er the later (also latter)a1382 ne'er the lessa1382 neverlatera1382 neverthelessa1382 ne for-thia1400 neverlessa1400 not-againstandinga1400 nauthelessc1400 nouthelessc1400 algatesc1405 noughtwithstanding1422 netherless?a1425 notwithstanding1425 nethertheless1440 not gainstandingc1440 not the lessa1450 alwaysa1470 howbeit1470 never þe quedera1475 nought the lessc1480 what reck?a1513 nonetheless1533 howsomever1562 after all1590 in spite of spite1592 meantime1594 notwithstand1596 withal1596 in the meanwhile1597 meanwhile1597 howsoever1601 in (one's) spite?1615 however1623 in the meantime1631 non obstante1641 at the same time1679 with a non-obstante to1679 stilla1699 the same1782 all the same1803 quand même1825 still and all1829 anyhow1867 anyway1876 still and ona1894 all the samey1897 just the same1901 but1939 1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iv. i. 108 All the Land knowes that: How euer, yet there is no great breach. View more context for this quotation 1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 601 I however Must not omit a Fathers timely care. View more context for this quotation 1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. x. 92 This curiosity of theirs, however, was attended with very serious effects. 1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 27 However they did not think such bold changes within their commission. View more context for this quotation 1861 M. Pattison in Westm. Rev. Apr. 415 It has been even said that this church was built by the Germans, which however was not the case. 1865 J. Lubbock Prehist. Times i. 19 Bronze arrows, however, are not very common in Northern Europe. †4. In any way whatsoever; at all. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [adverb] > by any means or at all anyhow1637 however1673 anyhows1875 1673 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd II. 139 All Laws however are but Probationers of time. 1720 J. Clarke Ess. Educ. Youth 63 I cannot but be much of Mr. Locke's Mind, with respect to Versifying however. 5. Interrogative (and conjunctive): How, in any circumstances or way whatever? (See ever adv. 6c(a)) colloquial. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > [adverb] > in what way howOE what-wisea1375 howgatea1400 however1871 the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > circumstance or circumstances > [adverb] > how in any circumstances however1871 1607 R. C. tr. H. Estienne World of Wonders 240 I shal desire him to consider how ever it was possible.] 1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust I. xiii. 179 However is it, such A man can think and know so much? 1899 N.E.D. at However Mod. However do you manage that? 6. Used by itself, or followed by points of suspension, as an interjection, or as a formula concluding, introducing, or modifying an utterance in some contextual way. ΚΠ 1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda II. iv. xxxii. 319 I have not yet written a word... And I told the girls to leave it to me. However! 1901 M. Beerbohm Variety of Things (1928) 217 [I] doubt whether my creative power in caricature can be quite so strong as I had supposed. However… 1936 ‘N. Blake’ Thou Shell of Death viii. 137 Comes of givin' a vote to every hayseed and short-weight grocer in the —— However, hrrumph, where was I? 1964 D. Warner Death of Dreamer i. i. 9 We don't want to know where the stuff comes from but where it goes to. However! 1966 I. Jefferies House-surgeon i. 11 I..said, ‘However. Not to interrupt what you were asking me.’ 1968 M. Woodhouse Rock Baby vii. 66 ‘Our component reliability was very high indeed during trials. However.’ ‘Go on,’ I said. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adv.c1380
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