hurtlev.

/ˈhəːt(ə)l/

Forms: Also Middle English hortel, Middle English–1600s hurtel, Middle English hurtul.

Etymology: apparently a diminutive and iterative of hurt v., in its original sense of ‘strike with a shock’.Palsgrave (1530) and Cotgrave (1611) give a French hurteller ‘to trample on with the feet’, which corresponds in form; but this appears to be a late formation. Sometimes confused with hurl; but the essential notion in hurtle is that of forcible collision, in hurl that of forcible projection; if, however, I hurl a javelin at a shield and strike it, I also hurtle the one against the other; hence the contact of sense.

Now only literary or archaic.

I. Transitive senses.

1. To strike, dash, or knock (something against something else, or two things together); †to knock or thrust down with force or violence; †to run (a ship) aground.

ΚΠ

a1250 (?a1200) [implied in: Ancrene Riwle (Titus) (1963) 50 Wið alutel hurtlinge [?c1225 Cleo. þurlung; c1230 Corpus hurlunge] ȝe mihten al forleosen. (at hurtling n.)].

a1325 [see hurtled adj. at Derivatives].

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xxv. 22 But the litil children..weren hurtlid togidere.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds xxvii. 41 Whanne we felden into a place of grauel..thei hurtliden [a1400 N.Y. Publ. Lib. hurten; L.V. ?a1425 Claud. hurliden; L. impegerunt] the schipp.

c1386 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 1758 He foyneth on his feet with his tronchon And he hym hurtleth [so Cambr. and Harl. MSS.; other 4 MSS. hurteth] with his hors adoun.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Mark ix. 17 Where euer he takith hym, he hurtlith [1382 hirtith, v.r. hurtlith] hym doun.

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur x. lxviii There he..pulled awey theire sheldes and hurtled doun many knyghtes.

1884 F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads I. ii. xli. 378 (note) The horse was not sure-footed and hurtled his rider against a tree.

a. To strike or dash against; to come into collision with.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impact > impinge upon [verb (transitive)] > collide with

hurtlec1430

to run up against1625

rencounter1671

collide1700

shock1783

c1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 5789 Eithir hors hurtled othir.

c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) iv. xix. 185 We..committe þee þat..þou hurtle alle þilke so cruelliche.

1848 E. Bulwer-Lytton Harold III. ix. vi. 8 His emotions..so hurtling one the other.

1881 J. W. Judd Volcanoes iv. 68 The ragged cindery masses hurtling one another in the atmosphere.

b. figurative. To assail, attack (in words).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > attack with hostile words or measures

fangc1320

hurtlec1374

impugnc1384

weighc1386

to fall upon ——a1398

to start on ——a1398

oppugn?1435

to lay to, untoa1500

onseta1522

wipe1523

to set against ——1542

to fall aboard——1593

aggress1596

to fall foul1602

attack1613

appugn1615

to set upon ——1639

to fall on ——1641

to lay home, hard, hardly to1650

tack1720

bombard1766

savage1796

to pitch into ——1823

to begin upon a personc1825

bulldog1842

to down on (also upon)a1848

to set at ——1849

to start on ——a1851

to start in on1859

set on at or to1862

to let into1872

to go for ——1890

swash1890

slog1891

to get at ——1893

tee1955

c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Cambr.) ii. pr. i. 20 Thow weere wont to hurtelyn and despysen hir with manly wordes [L. virilibus incessere verbis].

1804 W. Taylor in J. W. Robberds Mem. W. Taylor (1843) I. 519 Not the theologian whom Gregory Blunt hurtles.

3. To drive violently or swiftly; to dash, dart, shoot, fling, cast. Apparently often confounded with hurl. By Spenser used in the sense: To brandish, wave.

ΚΠ

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. vii. sig. S7 His harmefull club he gan to hurtle hye.]

1825 J. Clare in W. Hone Every-day Bk. (1826) I. 883 An arrow, hurtel'd ere so high.

1850 E. B. Browning tr. Æschylus Prometheus Bound (rev. ed.) in Poems (new ed.) I. 190 Such a curse on my head..From the hand of your Zeus has been hurtled along.

1851 C. L. Smith tr. T. Tasso Jerusalem Delivered iv. ix Whom grand mischance..Down to this horrible den has hurtled forth.

1881 Boy's Own Paper 17 Dec. 184 Pieces of ice are being belched forth or hurtled into the air with a continued noise.

II. Intransitive senses.

4. To strike together or against something, esp. with violence or noise; to come into collision; to dash, clash, impinge; to meet in shock and encounter. (Also figurative)

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impact > impinge [verb (intransitive)] > collide

hurtle1340

to strike together1340

thrusta1400

fray1483

concura1522

shock1575

to knock together1641

intershock1650

bulgea1676

collide1700

rencounter1712

clash1715

ding1874

bonk1947

1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 4787 Hard roches and stanes Sal strik togyder, alle attanes..And ilkan agayn other hortel fast.

c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Cambr.) v. met. iv. 130 Ryht so as voys or sown hurtelith to the Eeres and commoeueth hem to herkne.

1413 Pilgr. Sowle (1483) iii. viii. 55 Twoo fendes..maden them for to hurtlen ageyn a pyler.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Jer. xlvi. 12 A strong man hurtlide aȝens a strong man, and bothe fellen doun togidere.

1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 76 The ship..hurtlyd again the grounde in suche a randon & force, that hit was all to broken.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin x. 155 Their passage thei hurtlid so to-geder with their bodyes and sheldes and helmes.

?c1550 tr. P. Vergil Eng. Hist. (1846) I. 55 To traine his enemie farder from the sea beefore they hurteled together in fighte.

1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne vi. xli. 101 Together hurtled both their steedes, and brake Each others necke, the riders lay on ground.

1842 A. Alison Hist. Europe from French Revol. X. lxxv. 403 His strength was unequal to hurtling against the immense masses.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vii. §7. 415 Its fauns dancing on the sward where knights have hurtled together.

5. To emit a sound of collision; to clatter: said esp. of the clatter, rattle, or rustle of a shower of missiles, or things in motion; hence, to move with clattering or clashing; to come with a crash.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > repeated sound or succession of sounds > [verb (intransitive)] > clatter

clastera1307

clatterc1386

shatter?a1400

hurtle1509

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > repeated sound or succession of sounds > [verb (intransitive)] > clatter > move with

hurtle1509

clatter1810

1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. clxxviii Thy throte hurtlyth, thy wordes, and thy syght Theyr naturall offyce shall vnto the denye.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) ii. ii. 22 The noise of Battell hurtled in the Ayre.

1768 T. Gray Fatal Sisters in Poems 79 Iron-sleet of arrowy shower Hurtles in the darken'd air.

1814 R. Southey Roderick xxv. 166 The arrows hissed—the javelins hurtled by.

1826 E. Irving Babylon I. iii. 248 The sixth thunder already hurtles in the heavens.

1880 R. Jefferies Hodge & Masters II. v. 118 The rain hurtles through the branches.

1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. II. lxxii. 589 The tempest of invective and calumny which hurtles round the head of a presidential candidate.

6. To dash, rush, hurry; esp. with noise.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > move swiftly in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > move swiftly with or as with sound

thunderc1374

hurtle1509

rattle1555

skirr1567

whizz1591

brustle1638

clatter1810

whoosh1856

fizz1864

zoon1880

zing1899

skoosh1904

zoom1924

scream1943

1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure xxxv. xiii He hurtled aboute, and kest his shelde afore.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. iv. sig. D2 All hurtlen [1609 hurlen] forth.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. viii. sig. G8 The Gyaunt..Came hurtling in full fiers, and forst the knight retyre.

1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 10 Gangs of good fellowes, that hurtled and bustled thither.

1852 N. Hawthorne Gorgon's Head in Wonder-bk. (1879) 43 They hurtled upward into the air.

a1871 A. Cary in M. C. Ames Memorial Alice & Phoebe Cary (1873) 240 Pell mell the men came hurtling out.

1893 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Hirtle, to hurry. ‘The clud's gan hirtlin alang the hill side.’

Derivatives

hurtled adj.

ΚΠ

a1325 Prose Psalter cxliv. 15 [cxlv. 14] Our Lord..dresceþ vp alle þe hurteled.

1850 E. B. Browning tr. Æschylus Prometheus Bound (rev. ed.) in Poems (new ed.) I. 146 Shake The hurtled chains wherein I hang.

1850 J. S. Blackie tr. Æschylus Lyrical Dramas II. 118 With one acclaim, a forest of right hands Rose through the hurtled air.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	hurtle
释义	† hurtlen.¹ Etymology: ? related to hurt n.¹, or to French heurt a blow, the mark of a blow: see hurt n.² Obsolete or dialect. A swelling upon the skin. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > swelling > [noun] > a swelling or protuberance ampereOE kernelc1000 wenc1000 knot?c1225 swella1250 bulchc1300 bunchc1325 bolninga1340 botcha1387 bouge1398 nodusa1400 oedemaa1400 wax-kernel14.. knobc1405 nodule?a1425 more?c1425 bunnyc1440 papa1450 knurc1460 waxing kernel?c1460 lump?a1500 waxen-kernel1500 bump1533 puff1538 tumour?1541 swelling1542 elevation1543 enlarging1562 knub1563 pimple1582 ganglion1583 button1584 phyma1585 emphysema?1587 flesh-pimple1587 oedem?a1591 burgeon1597 wartle1598 hurtle1599 pough1601 wart1603 extumescence1611 hulch1611 peppernel1613 affusion1615 extumescency1684 jog1715 knibloch1780 tumefaction1802 hunch1803 income1808 intumescence1822 gibber1853 tumescence1859 whetstone1886 tumidity1897 Osler's node1920 1599 T. Moffett Silkewormes 74 Vpon whose palmes such warts and hurtells rise As may in poulder grate a nutmegge thick. c1720 W. Gibson Farriers New Guide ii. l. 224 A vast number of Tubercles and little Hurdles. 1847–78 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words Hurtle, a spot. Heref. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † hurtlen.² Obsolete. rare. = hurt n.³, hurtleberry n.: see also whortle n. Combination: hurtle-tree n. the dwarf shrub that bears the hurtleberry. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > berry > [noun] > bilberry or myrtleberry blackberrylOE myrtlea1400 hurtleberryc1460 myrtle berry?a1500 hurt1542 blaeberry1562 whortleberry1578 bilberry1584 blue1587 hurtle1597 hurtberrya1661 frawn1726 ohelo1825 1597 J. Gerard Herball iii. 1229 Vaccinia nigra, the blacke Whortle, or Hurtle, is a base and lowe tree, or woodie plant. a1640 in T. Risdon Chorogr. Surv. Devon (1811) (modernized text) 322 Taw..Whose sides are stor'd with many a hurtle tree. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online September 2021). hurtlen.³ /ˈhəːt(ə)l/ Etymology: < hurtle v. poetic and rhetorical. The action or an act of hurtling; dashing together, collision, conflict; clashing sound. ΚΠ 1773 J. Ross Fratricide (MS) v. 10 The elements..had wag'd Tremendous hurtle. 1856 E. B. Browning Aurora Leigh ix. 398 I flung closer to his breast..And, in that hurtle of united souls [etc.]. 1867 G. M. Musgrave Nooks & Corners Old France II. x. 310 The hurtle of the arrows. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2019). hurtlev. /ˈhəːt(ə)l/ Forms: Also Middle English hortel, Middle English–1600s hurtel, Middle English hurtul. Etymology: apparently a diminutive and iterative of hurt v., in its original sense of ‘strike with a shock’.Palsgrave (1530) and Cotgrave (1611) give a French hurteller ‘to trample on with the feet’, which corresponds in form; but this appears to be a late formation. Sometimes confused with hurl; but the essential notion in hurtle is that of forcible collision, in hurl that of forcible projection; if, however, I hurl a javelin at a shield and strike it, I also hurtle the one against the other; hence the contact of sense. Now only literary or archaic. I. Transitive senses. 1. To strike, dash, or knock (something against something else, or two things together); †to knock or thrust down with force or violence; †to run (a ship) aground. ΚΠ a1250 (?a1200) [implied in: Ancrene Riwle (Titus) (1963) 50 Wið alutel hurtlinge [?c1225 Cleo. þurlung; c1230 Corpus hurlunge] ȝe mihten al forleosen. (at hurtling n.)]. a1325 [see hurtled adj. at Derivatives]. 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xxv. 22 But the litil children..weren hurtlid togidere. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds xxvii. 41 Whanne we felden into a place of grauel..thei hurtliden [a1400 N.Y. Publ. Lib. hurten; L.V. ?a1425 Claud. hurliden; L. impegerunt] the schipp. c1386 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 1758 He foyneth on his feet with his tronchon And he hym hurtleth [so Cambr. and Harl. MSS.; other 4 MSS. hurteth] with his hors adoun. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Mark ix. 17 Where euer he takith hym, he hurtlith [1382 hirtith, v.r. hurtlith] hym doun. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur x. lxviii There he..pulled awey theire sheldes and hurtled doun many knyghtes. 1884 F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads I. ii. xli. 378 (note) The horse was not sure-footed and hurtled his rider against a tree. 2. a. To strike or dash against; to come into collision with. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > impinge upon [verb (transitive)] > collide with hurtlec1430 to run up against1625 rencounter1671 collide1700 shock1783 c1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 5789 Eithir hors hurtled othir. c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) iv. xix. 185 We..committe þee þat..þou hurtle alle þilke so cruelliche. 1848 E. Bulwer-Lytton Harold III. ix. vi. 8 His emotions..so hurtling one the other. 1881 J. W. Judd Volcanoes iv. 68 The ragged cindery masses hurtling one another in the atmosphere. b. figurative. To assail, attack (in words). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > attack with hostile words or measures fangc1320 hurtlec1374 impugnc1384 weighc1386 to fall upon ——a1398 to start on ——a1398 oppugn?1435 to lay to, untoa1500 onseta1522 wipe1523 to set against ——1542 to fall aboard——1593 aggress1596 to fall foul1602 attack1613 appugn1615 to set upon ——1639 to fall on ——1641 to lay home, hard, hardly to1650 tack1720 bombard1766 savage1796 to pitch into ——1823 to begin upon a personc1825 bulldog1842 to down on (also upon)a1848 to set at ——1849 to start on ——a1851 to start in on1859 set on at or to1862 to let into1872 to go for ——1890 swash1890 slog1891 to get at ——1893 tee1955 c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Cambr.) ii. pr. i. 20 Thow weere wont to hurtelyn and despysen hir with manly wordes [L. virilibus incessere verbis]. 1804 W. Taylor in J. W. Robberds Mem. W. Taylor (1843) I. 519 Not the theologian whom Gregory Blunt hurtles. 3. To drive violently or swiftly; to dash, dart, shoot, fling, cast. Apparently often confounded with hurl. By Spenser used in the sense: To brandish, wave. ΚΠ 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. vii. sig. S7 His harmefull club he gan to hurtle hye.] 1825 J. Clare in W. Hone Every-day Bk. (1826) I. 883 An arrow, hurtel'd ere so high. 1850 E. B. Browning tr. Æschylus Prometheus Bound (rev. ed.) in Poems (new ed.) I. 190 Such a curse on my head..From the hand of your Zeus has been hurtled along. 1851 C. L. Smith tr. T. Tasso Jerusalem Delivered iv. ix Whom grand mischance..Down to this horrible den has hurtled forth. 1881 Boy's Own Paper 17 Dec. 184 Pieces of ice are being belched forth or hurtled into the air with a continued noise. II. Intransitive senses. 4. To strike together or against something, esp. with violence or noise; to come into collision; to dash, clash, impinge; to meet in shock and encounter. (Also figurative) ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > impinge [verb (intransitive)] > collide hurtle1340 to strike together1340 thrusta1400 fray1483 concura1522 shock1575 to knock together1641 intershock1650 bulgea1676 collide1700 rencounter1712 clash1715 ding1874 bonk1947 1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 4787 Hard roches and stanes Sal strik togyder, alle attanes..And ilkan agayn other hortel fast. c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Cambr.) v. met. iv. 130 Ryht so as voys or sown hurtelith to the Eeres and commoeueth hem to herkne. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (1483) iii. viii. 55 Twoo fendes..maden them for to hurtlen ageyn a pyler. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Jer. xlvi. 12 A strong man hurtlide aȝens a strong man, and bothe fellen doun togidere. 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 76 The ship..hurtlyd again the grounde in suche a randon & force, that hit was all to broken. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin x. 155 Their passage thei hurtlid so to-geder with their bodyes and sheldes and helmes. ?c1550 tr. P. Vergil Eng. Hist. (1846) I. 55 To traine his enemie farder from the sea beefore they hurteled together in fighte. 1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne vi. xli. 101 Together hurtled both their steedes, and brake Each others necke, the riders lay on ground. 1842 A. Alison Hist. Europe from French Revol. X. lxxv. 403 His strength was unequal to hurtling against the immense masses. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vii. §7. 415 Its fauns dancing on the sward where knights have hurtled together. 5. To emit a sound of collision; to clatter: said esp. of the clatter, rattle, or rustle of a shower of missiles, or things in motion; hence, to move with clattering or clashing; to come with a crash. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > repeated sound or succession of sounds > [verb (intransitive)] > clatter clastera1307 clatterc1386 shatter?a1400 hurtle1509 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > repeated sound or succession of sounds > [verb (intransitive)] > clatter > move with hurtle1509 clatter1810 1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. clxxviii Thy throte hurtlyth, thy wordes, and thy syght Theyr naturall offyce shall vnto the denye. a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) ii. ii. 22 The noise of Battell hurtled in the Ayre. View more context for this quotation 1768 T. Gray Fatal Sisters in Poems 79 Iron-sleet of arrowy shower Hurtles in the darken'd air. 1814 R. Southey Roderick xxv. 166 The arrows hissed—the javelins hurtled by. 1826 E. Irving Babylon I. iii. 248 The sixth thunder already hurtles in the heavens. 1880 R. Jefferies Hodge & Masters II. v. 118 The rain hurtles through the branches. 1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. II. lxxii. 589 The tempest of invective and calumny which hurtles round the head of a presidential candidate. 6. To dash, rush, hurry; esp. with noise. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > move swiftly in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > move swiftly with or as with sound thunderc1374 hurtle1509 rattle1555 skirr1567 whizz1591 brustle1638 clatter1810 whoosh1856 fizz1864 zoon1880 zing1899 skoosh1904 zoom1924 scream1943 1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure xxxv. xiii He hurtled aboute, and kest his shelde afore. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. iv. sig. D2 All hurtlen [1609 hurlen] forth. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. viii. sig. G8 The Gyaunt..Came hurtling in full fiers, and forst the knight retyre. 1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 10 Gangs of good fellowes, that hurtled and bustled thither. 1852 N. Hawthorne Gorgon's Head in Wonder-bk. (1879) 43 They hurtled upward into the air. a1871 A. Cary in M. C. Ames Memorial Alice & Phoebe Cary (1873) 240 Pell mell the men came hurtling out. 1893 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Hirtle, to hurry. ‘The clud's gan hirtlin alang the hill side.’ Derivatives hurtled adj. ΚΠ a1325 Prose Psalter cxliv. 15 [cxlv. 14] Our Lord..dresceþ vp alle þe hurteled. 1850 E. B. Browning tr. Æschylus Prometheus Bound (rev. ed.) in Poems (new ed.) I. 146 Shake The hurtled chains wherein I hang. 1850 J. S. Blackie tr. Æschylus Lyrical Dramas II. 118 With one acclaim, a forest of right hands Rose through the hurtled air. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.¹1599n.²1597n.³1773v.a1250
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† hurtlen.1

† hurtlen.2

hurtlen.3

hurtlev.

Derivatives

† hurtlen.¹

† hurtlen.²

hurtlen.³