humanizev.

Brit.

/ˈhjuːmənʌɪz/, U.S.

/ˈ(h)juməˌnaɪz/

Forms: 1600s– humanize, 1700s– humanise.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: human adj., -ize suffix.

Etymology: < human adj. + -ize suffix, after Middle French, French humaniser to make human (1554), (of e.g. philosophy) to bring to a human level (1559), (of a sacrament) to make human in nature (1584; also in sense ‘to soften, civilize’ (1657).

1. transitive. To make human; to portray or endow with human characteristics, qualities, or attributes; to represent in human form; to adapt to human use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > [verb (transitive)] > make human

hominify1579

humanize1603

humanify?1630

rehumanize1749

personify1768

mortalize1831

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1210 Socrates..hath humanized [Fr. humanisé] as I may so say, Philosophy, and attributed it to humaine reason.

1637 W. Alexander Doomes-day (new ed.) v. xvii. 100 in Recreations with Muses When humaniz'd our Saviour did remaine.

1693 tr. G. de Foigny New Discov. Terra Incognita ii. 30 These Savages which cannot be humanized.

1714 J. Ozell tr. Molière Amphitryon Prol., in tr. Molière Wks. III. 244 He [sc. Jupiter] often leaves Heaven for Earth; and you are not ignorant that this Master of the Gods loves to humanize himself for mortal Beauties.

1759 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful (ed. 2) ii. §5. 123 Before the christian religion had, as it were, humanized the idea of the divinity.

1760 D. Webb Inq. Beauties Painting iv. 45 To this Power of humanizing..these Colossal proportions, succeeds that of annexing the sublime to the most minute.

1855 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity VI. xiv. x. 618 The cloister..must humanise itself that it may represent man.

1895 Pop. Sci. Monthly Sept. 671 It is clear that the Fijians humanized their gods.

1930 A. S. Pringle-Pattison Stud. Philos. of Relig. vi. 75 Theriomorphism seems..to precede anthropomorphism, and it is only gradually that the gods are humanized.

1958 R. Garnett tr. B. Heuvelmans On Track of Unknown Animals xiv. 314 It is hardly surprising that there should be such a striking resemblance between the Ameranthropoid and a reconstruction of the Pithecanthropus made by von Koenigswald in 1938, even though he has humanised it unduly.

2000 Big Issue 28 Feb. 29/4 US Grunts may call them ‘rag-heads’ but otherwise Iraqi civilians are humanised and a certain amount of respect is paid to religious and cultural differences.

2. transitive. To make more humane; to civilize, refine; to make more gentle or tender, soften.In quot. a1639 poetic with literal softening taken as figurative of sentiments of tender compassion.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > treat kindly [verb (transitive)] > make humane

humanize1625

1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes I. i. ii. 59 Climates more temperate, richer Soyle, consent of Elements and Aliments..disposed them to thinke on mechanicall and politike Arts, further to humanize their society, and to polish their cohabitation with Politie.

a1639 H. Wotton Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1651) 528 My faithfull Tears in showrs shal flow To humanize the Flints whereon I tread.

a1645 W. Browne tr. M. Le Roy Hist. Polexander (1647) iv. iii. 235 The wilder people..were somewhat humaniz'd by our conversation.

1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) To Humanize, to make gentle, tractable and familiar.

1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks II. v. 434 A Mind supordinate to Reason, a Temper humaniz'd, and fitted to all natural Affection.

1736 E. Smith Cure of Deism II. xix. 318 Other Heathens..seem to require a long Preparation from fore-running Traffick and Commerce to humanize, and rationalize them, before the Pearls of Christianity..can be received into their Esteem.

1790 J. B. Moreton Manners & Customs West India Islands 164 If blacks were humanized, instructed in arts and sciences, husbandry and commerce.

1809 J. Barlow Columbiad 130 Contentment, Moderation, Labor, Art, Mould the new man and humanize his heart.

1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. ii. 33 The Evangelical precepts..distinctly humanized the way in which war was carried on.

1959 O. Sitwell Place of one's Own 61 Naples and the long, viridian spring appeared altogether to soften and humanise Miss Miranda.

2007 Harper's Mag. Sept. 5/3 Schmitt demonstrates how the laws of warfare emerged in early modern Europe in order to moderate, humanize, and ‘bracket’ violence.

3. intransitive. To grow more humane or civilized; to become human. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > show kindness [verb (intransitive)] > become humane

humanize1782

the world > people > [verb (intransitive)]

to be flesh and blood1636

humanize1915

1782 B. Franklin Let. 10 July in Papers (2003) XXXVII. 610 Humanizing by degrees, it [sc. the law of nations] admitted Slavery instead of Death [as a punishment].

1862 M. Goodman Exper. Eng. Sister of Mercy 28 Some few of them [sc. boys] were observed to humanise considerably under the intercourse.

1915 W. Owen Let. 4 Apr. (1967) 330 Will he be 13 or 14 next birthday?.. Are his rabbit-teeth humanising?

a. transitive. To modify (usually cow's milk) to resemble human milk.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of dairy produce > [verb (transitive)] > treat milk for infants

humanize1895

1895 C. E. Fisher Hand-bk. Dis. Children & Homeopathic Treatm. ii. 22 Efforts to so prepare cow's milk as to humanize it, or render it like unto the mother's milk, have already been spoken of.

1935 D. Paterson & J. F. Smith Mod. Methods Feeding in Infancy & Childhood (ed. 5) iii. 50 The question whether it is necessary or desirable to humanise cow's milk—i.e. , to modify the composition of the milk to that of breast milk—will be discussed later.

1970 Pharmaceut. Handbk. (Pharmaceut. Soc. Gt. Brit.) 379 In ‘humanising’ cow's milk, extra cane sugar or glucose is added because human milk contains more lactose than cow's milk.

b. transitive. Biology. To modify (antibodies or other proteins), esp. by recombinant DNA technology, to contain human elements. Also: to cause (an organ, organism, etc.) to contain or express human genes.

ΚΠ

1987 Jrnl. Pharmaceut. & Biomed. Anal. 5 790 They ‘humanised’ mouse monoclonal antibodies by transplanting only the complementary determining regions..of the mouse antibody into the framework region of a human antibody.

1991 Nature 24 Jan. 293/2 The technique was used to humanize a rat therapeutic antibody directed against mature human leukocytes which proved clinically effective in destroying a large mass of tumour in two patients.

1999 N.Y. Times 1 Nov. a9/2 (advt.) To overcome this natural resistance, scientists have begun to engineer human genes and organs into mice, pigs, cows, and other animals. They hope to ‘humanize’ animals and make them more compatible for research and organ transplants.

2002 U.S. News & World Rep. 21 Jan. 40/1 PDL's strength lies in its patented know-how in ‘humanizing’ mice antibodies; its methods helped rid the treatments of dangerous side effects.

2005 Transplantation Rev. 19 166/2 Another strategy to combat the complement cascade is to humanize pig organs such that they express complement regulatory proteins on their surfaces.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	humanize
释义	humanizev. Brit. /ˈhjuːmənʌɪz/, U.S. /ˈ(h)juməˌnaɪz/ Forms: 1600s– humanize, 1700s– humanise. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: human adj., -ize suffix. Etymology: < human adj. + -ize suffix, after Middle French, French humaniser to make human (1554), (of e.g. philosophy) to bring to a human level (1559), (of a sacrament) to make human in nature (1584; also in sense ‘to soften, civilize’ (1657). 1. transitive. To make human; to portray or endow with human characteristics, qualities, or attributes; to represent in human form; to adapt to human use. ΘΚΠ the world > people > [verb (transitive)] > make human hominify1579 humanize1603 humanify?1630 rehumanize1749 personify1768 mortalize1831 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1210 Socrates..hath humanized [Fr. humanisé] as I may so say, Philosophy, and attributed it to humaine reason. 1637 W. Alexander Doomes-day (new ed.) v. xvii. 100 in Recreations with Muses When humaniz'd our Saviour did remaine. 1693 tr. G. de Foigny New Discov. Terra Incognita ii. 30 These Savages which cannot be humanized. 1714 J. Ozell tr. Molière Amphitryon Prol., in tr. Molière Wks. III. 244 He [sc. Jupiter] often leaves Heaven for Earth; and you are not ignorant that this Master of the Gods loves to humanize himself for mortal Beauties. 1759 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful (ed. 2) ii. §5. 123 Before the christian religion had, as it were, humanized the idea of the divinity. 1760 D. Webb Inq. Beauties Painting iv. 45 To this Power of humanizing..these Colossal proportions, succeeds that of annexing the sublime to the most minute. 1855 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity VI. xiv. x. 618 The cloister..must humanise itself that it may represent man. 1895 Pop. Sci. Monthly Sept. 671 It is clear that the Fijians humanized their gods. 1930 A. S. Pringle-Pattison Stud. Philos. of Relig. vi. 75 Theriomorphism seems..to precede anthropomorphism, and it is only gradually that the gods are humanized. 1958 R. Garnett tr. B. Heuvelmans On Track of Unknown Animals xiv. 314 It is hardly surprising that there should be such a striking resemblance between the Ameranthropoid and a reconstruction of the Pithecanthropus made by von Koenigswald in 1938, even though he has humanised it unduly. 2000 Big Issue 28 Feb. 29/4 US Grunts may call them ‘rag-heads’ but otherwise Iraqi civilians are humanised and a certain amount of respect is paid to religious and cultural differences. 2. transitive. To make more humane; to civilize, refine; to make more gentle or tender, soften.In quot. a1639 poetic with literal softening taken as figurative of sentiments of tender compassion. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > treat kindly [verb (transitive)] > make humane humanize1625 1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes I. i. ii. 59 Climates more temperate, richer Soyle, consent of Elements and Aliments..disposed them to thinke on mechanicall and politike Arts, further to humanize their society, and to polish their cohabitation with Politie. a1639 H. Wotton Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1651) 528 My faithfull Tears in showrs shal flow To humanize the Flints whereon I tread. a1645 W. Browne tr. M. Le Roy Hist. Polexander (1647) iv. iii. 235 The wilder people..were somewhat humaniz'd by our conversation. 1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) To Humanize, to make gentle, tractable and familiar. 1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks II. v. 434 A Mind supordinate to Reason, a Temper humaniz'd, and fitted to all natural Affection. 1736 E. Smith Cure of Deism II. xix. 318 Other Heathens..seem to require a long Preparation from fore-running Traffick and Commerce to humanize, and rationalize them, before the Pearls of Christianity..can be received into their Esteem. 1790 J. B. Moreton Manners & Customs West India Islands 164 If blacks were humanized, instructed in arts and sciences, husbandry and commerce. 1809 J. Barlow Columbiad 130 Contentment, Moderation, Labor, Art, Mould the new man and humanize his heart. 1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. ii. 33 The Evangelical precepts..distinctly humanized the way in which war was carried on. 1959 O. Sitwell Place of one's Own 61 Naples and the long, viridian spring appeared altogether to soften and humanise Miss Miranda. 2007 Harper's Mag. Sept. 5/3 Schmitt demonstrates how the laws of warfare emerged in early modern Europe in order to moderate, humanize, and ‘bracket’ violence. 3. intransitive. To grow more humane or civilized; to become human. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > show kindness [verb (intransitive)] > become humane humanize1782 the world > people > [verb (intransitive)] to be flesh and blood1636 humanize1915 1782 B. Franklin Let. 10 July in Papers (2003) XXXVII. 610 Humanizing by degrees, it [sc. the law of nations] admitted Slavery instead of Death [as a punishment]. 1862 M. Goodman Exper. Eng. Sister of Mercy 28 Some few of them [sc. boys] were observed to humanise considerably under the intercourse. 1915 W. Owen Let. 4 Apr. (1967) 330 Will he be 13 or 14 next birthday?.. Are his rabbit-teeth humanising? 4. a. transitive. To modify (usually cow's milk) to resemble human milk. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of dairy produce > [verb (transitive)] > treat milk for infants humanize1895 1895 C. E. Fisher Hand-bk. Dis. Children & Homeopathic Treatm. ii. 22 Efforts to so prepare cow's milk as to humanize it, or render it like unto the mother's milk, have already been spoken of. 1935 D. Paterson & J. F. Smith Mod. Methods Feeding in Infancy & Childhood (ed. 5) iii. 50 The question whether it is necessary or desirable to humanise cow's milk—i.e. , to modify the composition of the milk to that of breast milk—will be discussed later. 1970 Pharmaceut. Handbk. (Pharmaceut. Soc. Gt. Brit.) 379 In ‘humanising’ cow's milk, extra cane sugar or glucose is added because human milk contains more lactose than cow's milk. b. transitive. Biology. To modify (antibodies or other proteins), esp. by recombinant DNA technology, to contain human elements. Also: to cause (an organ, organism, etc.) to contain or express human genes. ΚΠ 1987 Jrnl. Pharmaceut. & Biomed. Anal. 5 790 They ‘humanised’ mouse monoclonal antibodies by transplanting only the complementary determining regions..of the mouse antibody into the framework region of a human antibody. 1991 Nature 24 Jan. 293/2 The technique was used to humanize a rat therapeutic antibody directed against mature human leukocytes which proved clinically effective in destroying a large mass of tumour in two patients. 1999 N.Y. Times 1 Nov. a9/2 (advt.) To overcome this natural resistance, scientists have begun to engineer human genes and organs into mice, pigs, cows, and other animals. They hope to ‘humanize’ animals and make them more compatible for research and organ transplants. 2002 U.S. News & World Rep. 21 Jan. 40/1 PDL's strength lies in its patented know-how in ‘humanizing’ mice antibodies; its methods helped rid the treatments of dangerous side effects. 2005 Transplantation Rev. 19 166/2 Another strategy to combat the complement cascade is to humanize pig organs such that they express complement regulatory proteins on their surfaces. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.1603
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