humanitariann.adj.

Brit.

/hjʊˌmanᵻˈtɛːrɪən/,

/ˌhjuːmanᵻˈtɛːrɪən/, U.S.

/hjuˌmænəˈtɛriən/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: humanity n., -arian suffix.

Etymology: < humanity n. + -arian suffix, probably originally after Unitarian n. With sense A. 1b compare earlier humaniformian n.

A. n.

1. Theology.

a. A person believing that Christ's nature was human only and not divine. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > doctrine > doctrine concerning the Trinity > [noun] > concerning Christ, the Son > humanitarianism > person

humanist1792

humanitarian?1792

psilanthropist1817

?1792 B. Hobhouse Reply to Rev. Randolph's Let. v. 85 Some Humanitarians would tell you that the doctrine of the atonement is perfectly compatible with the simple humanity of Christ.

1819 M. Stuart Lett. to W. E. Channing 144 Now [in New England]..there are scarcely any of the younger preachers of Unitarian sentiments who are not simple Humanitarians.

1845 Biblical Repertory Apr. 314 He had made it essential to those included in his scheme of comprehension, that they should address Christ as an object of worship. This..would shut out Priestley, and all the Humanitarians of America.

1896 G. P. Fisher Hist. Christian Doctr. iii. iii. 436 The conservative class of Unitarians..were generally, although not universally, simple humanitarians in their doctrine concerning Christ.

1912 W. Hirsch Relig. & Civilization 507 Modern Unitarians are pure humanitarians, in their estimation Christ being an ordinary human being.

†b. = anthropomorphite n. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > [noun] > possessing personal attributes > ascription of > of human form or attributes > one who attributes

humaniformian1550

anthropomorphist1655

creaturist1656

humanitarian1825

1825 C. R. Sumner in tr. J. Milton Treat. Christian Doctr. I. ii. 22 (note) The humanitarians held that God was to be understood as having a human form.

a1844 R. Balmer Lect. & Disc. (1845) I. 193 The opinion of the humanitarians or anthropomorphites as they are called..that the Deity possesses a material body.

2. Chiefly with capital initial. A person who professes a humanistic religion, esp. an adherent of the socialist religious ideas of Pierre Leroux (1797–1871). Cf. humanism n. 5. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > pragmatism > [noun] > humanism > humanist

humanitarian1831

humanist1853

1831 Fraser's Mag. 4 54 Herder..in his work, entitled, the History of Humanity, is merely what may be termed a Humanitarian.

1844 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 56 589 M. Pierre Leroux, most distinguished of the Humanitarians, the last sect which figures on the scene, bidding for disciples.

1876 C. M. Davies Unorthodox London (rev. ed.) 400 The fifteen rules or doctrines of the Humanitarians.

1883 P. Schaff et al. Relig. Encycl. II. 1038/1 Humanitarian, a name applied..to such parties as profess the ‘religion of humanity’..the spontaneous perfectibility of the human race.

1997 N. Walter Humanism 39 The Humanitarians and Positivists were attempting to rescue religion from the superstitious errors of theology.

3. A person concerned with human welfare as a primary or pre-eminent good; esp. a person who seeks to promote human welfare and advocates action on this basis rather than for pragmatic or strategic reasons; a philanthropist. Chiefly depreciative in early use, with the implication of excessive sentimentality (cf. humanity-monger n. at humanity n. Compounds 2).

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social attitudes > philanthropy > [noun] > philanthropist

good doerc1400

well-doerc1400

do-good1654

philanthropist1730

philanthrope1742

humanity-monger1829

philanthropic1839

humanitarian1843

pantophile1876

Scarlet Pimpernel1958

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [noun] > humaneness > person

humanity-monger1829

humanitarian1843

1843 Times 1 Feb. 4/4 Such is the argument used by modern humanitarians, to the great scandal of justice and common sense.

1848 ‘L. Mariotti’ Italy Past & Present II. i. 20 The patriot merged into the humanitarian.

1891 H. S. Constable Horses, Sport & War 84 A man cannot be too really humane, but the typical humanitarian is only sentimental.

1928 Social Forces 7 224/1 Not the least of these novelists was Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell..an earnest social worker, a liberalist, a dissenter, a humanitarian, and a prophetess of distinctly modern social methods.

1935 M. R. Anand Untouchable 183 He had..camouflaged the narrow, insular patriotism of his character in the jingo of the white-livered humanitarian.

1962 E. Snow Other Side of River (1963) xlvii. 361 No one is entitled to assume that ‘reform through labor’ in China is administered by humanitarians.

1977 D. Clement & I. La Frenais Porridge: Scripts (2002) 3rd Ser. Episode 4. 309 Fletcher Well, you're a humanitarian, ain'tcha? You're no hardnose. Warren You've played fair with us.

2001 R. F. Grover in R. C. Roach et al. Hypoxia: from Genes to Bedside 5 Jack and his wife Carol are true humanitarians. They have spent many weeks each year in Ukraine as part of a medical missionary group.

B. adj.

1. Of, relating to, or holding the views or doctrines of a humanitarian (sense A. 1a). Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > doctrine > doctrine concerning the Trinity > [adjective] > concerning Christ, the Son > humanitarian

humanist1790

psilanthropicc1816

humanitarianizing1831

humanitarian1833

?1792 B. Hobhouse Reply to Rev. Randolph's Let. v. 104 Whether the text be right as it at present stands, or whether Sir Isaac Newton's opinion be just, there is nothing adverse to the Humanitarian creed.

1833 New-Eng. Mag. July 78 We were particularly struck with the weakness of his argument against the pre-existence of Christ—a doctrine in the belief of which we have been confirmed by seeing how the best of Humanitarian critics is forced to wrest scripture in order to defend his theory.

1885 P. Schaff Christ & Christianity 172 The..humanitarian pseudo-Christologies of the nineteenth century.

1886 Dict. National Biogr. V. 180/2 The original Calvinism of the race had changed to Arianism, and he himself became humanitarian in his Christology.

1956 L. E. Elliott-Binns Eng. Thought, 1860–1900 ix. 240 Ritschl and his followers tried to find a middle way between orthodox belief and a merely humanitarian conception of Christ.

1992 D. Young F. D. Maurice & Unitarianism i. 31 Belsham..determined, so far as he could, to restrict the name Unitarian to those who held a strictly humanitarian Christology.

a. Concerned with humanity as a whole; spec. seeking to promote human welfare as a primary or pre-eminent good; acting, or disposed to act, on this basis rather than for pragmatic or strategic reasons (chiefly depreciative in early use, with the implication of excessive sentimentality).

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social attitudes > philanthropy > [adjective]

philanthropian1615

philanthropal1648

philanthropic1661

philanthropical1759

agathopoietica1782

humanitarian1844

humanitary1844

philanthropistic1851

beneficential1869

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [adjective] > humane

manlyc1400

humane1603

civil1609

humanitarian1844

1844 U.S. Mag. & Democratic Rev. Aug. 210/2 O'Connell is not a humanitarian philosopher,..because Ireland has too ma[n]y ills of its own to think of dissertating synthetically upon the ills of the human species.

1855 J. L. Motley Rise Dutch Republic I. ii. i. 250 However open to criticism upon broad humanitarian grounds.

1877 Spirit of Times 24 Nov. 450/1 All the Arcadian hopes which humanitarian enthusiasts believed would flow from such meetings of peoples and the work of their brains and hands, have not been verified.

1889 Harper's Mag. Aug. 432/2 Political events stepped in..to restore to German Christianity that national character which the humanitarian tendencies and abstract cosmopolitanism of the eighteenth century had cause it to lose.

1897 F. N. Maude Voluntary v. Compulsory Service 33 All the nonsense of humanitarian sentimentalists.

1918 Lancaster (Ohio) Daily Eagle 3 Apr. 1/4 The causes which will come to this community Chest for relief are humanitarian and patriotic in the highest degree.

1926 W. Lewis Art of being Ruled iii. ii. 71 The primitive humanitarian notion of the rising and reigning of the sans-culotte.

1968 Brit. Jrnl. Psychiatry 114 892/1 The State Hospitals, like our County Hospitals, were founded as part of a humanitarian movement.

2003 ‘S. Pax’ Weblog Diary 30 Mar. in Baghdad Blog 139 He was..all alone and holding up a sign saying in Arabic ‘Iraqis refuse to take any humanitarian aid from Jordanians and Egyptians’.

b. Designating an event or situation which causes or involves (widespread) human suffering, esp. one which requires the provision of aid or support on a large scale.

ΚΠ

1933 Brainerd (Minnesota) Daily Disp. 11 Dec. 1/2 They will exert every effort to wind the drive up as soon as possible and their initiative and generous response in giving their time and service in this great humanitarian emergency is inspiring.

1970 Y. Bauer From Diplomacy to Resistance i. 63 Was it preferable to rescue a maximal number of refugees by bringing them in secretly, and hope for public opinion to be in sympathy with the national and humanitarian disaster that was theirs?

1982 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 19 Dec. xi. 1/2 [He] regards himself as..a man who sees a humanitarian crisis and rushes to help, hoping he is pointing the way for others, such as government agencies, the United Nations or private relief organizations.

1995 Times 25 Sept. 13/8 The power cut stopped the cooling system on the nuclear reactors of four decommissioned submarines, threatening to cause a meltdown and trigger an environmental and humanitarian tragedy.

2007 New Yorker 17 Sept. 60/1 Prevent a humanitarian catastrophe on the scale of Rwanda.

3. Of a religion: having the welfare, progress, or development of the human race as its object; humanistic. Also: of or relating to such a religion. Cf. sense A. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > kinds of worship > [adjective] > of humanity

positivist1856

humanitarian1857

positivistic1859

1857 E. Pressensé in E. Steane Relig. Condition Christendom II. 484 On this basis M. Comte wishes to construct a Humanitarian religion.

1861 G. Smith Doctr. Hist. Progress 4 I am not aware that so much as the rudiment of a new religion has yet been actually produced, unless it be the Humanitarian religion of M. Comte.

1876 C. M. Davies Unorthodox London (rev. ed.) 413 The Humanitarian Solemnization of Matrimony.

1925 G. K. Chesterton Everlasting Man i. iv. 91 An Ethical Hymn-book of this humanitarian sort of religion was carefully selected and expurgated on the principle of preserving anything human and eliminating anything divine.

1943 L. L. Bernard & J. S. Bernard Origins Amer. Sociol. xii. 166 Edger, who had been living in a hut, now determined to build a house and to include in it an oratory and chapel for Positivist humanitarian worship.

2000 Rev. Politics 62 282 This new humanitarian religion would be characterized by peace, love, and mutual sympathy among members of different cultures.

Compounds

humanitarian intervention n. chiefly International Law intervention in the affairs of a foreign state for the purpose of safeguarding or promoting the welfare and rights of its inhabitants; spec. (a) military intervention by one or more states aimed at addressing serious human rights violations in another.

ΚΠ

1866 London Rev. 24 Nov. 572/2 The French Government..prevents any humanitarian intervention in our favour.

1880 W. E. Hall Internat. Law ii. viii. 247 The opinions of the modern international jurists who touch upon humanitarian intervention are very various.

1969 Compar. & Internat. Law Jrnl. Southern Afr. 2 464 A case for humanitarian intervention might be made in the case of Rhodesia.

1972 Times 4 May 6/5 The ICRC's humanitarian interventions in recent years have been in situations not adequately covered by the existing conventions.

2013 Bangkok Post (Nexis) 10 Sept. Humanitarian intervention in Libya was the consequence of the Gadhafi regime's killing of its people.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	humanitarian
释义	humanitariann.adj. Brit. /hjʊˌmanᵻˈtɛːrɪən/, /ˌhjuːmanᵻˈtɛːrɪən/, U.S. /hjuˌmænəˈtɛriən/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: humanity n., -arian suffix. Etymology: < humanity n. + -arian suffix, probably originally after Unitarian n. With sense A. 1b compare earlier humaniformian n. A. n. 1. Theology. a. A person believing that Christ's nature was human only and not divine. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > doctrine > doctrine concerning the Trinity > [noun] > concerning Christ, the Son > humanitarianism > person humanist1792 humanitarian?1792 psilanthropist1817 ?1792 B. Hobhouse Reply to Rev. Randolph's Let. v. 85 Some Humanitarians would tell you that the doctrine of the atonement is perfectly compatible with the simple humanity of Christ. 1819 M. Stuart Lett. to W. E. Channing 144 Now [in New England]..there are scarcely any of the younger preachers of Unitarian sentiments who are not simple Humanitarians. 1845 Biblical Repertory Apr. 314 He had made it essential to those included in his scheme of comprehension, that they should address Christ as an object of worship. This..would shut out Priestley, and all the Humanitarians of America. 1896 G. P. Fisher Hist. Christian Doctr. iii. iii. 436 The conservative class of Unitarians..were generally, although not universally, simple humanitarians in their doctrine concerning Christ. 1912 W. Hirsch Relig. & Civilization 507 Modern Unitarians are pure humanitarians, in their estimation Christ being an ordinary human being. †b. = anthropomorphite n. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > [noun] > possessing personal attributes > ascription of > of human form or attributes > one who attributes humaniformian1550 anthropomorphist1655 creaturist1656 humanitarian1825 1825 C. R. Sumner in tr. J. Milton Treat. Christian Doctr. I. ii. 22 (note) The humanitarians held that God was to be understood as having a human form. a1844 R. Balmer Lect. & Disc. (1845) I. 193 The opinion of the humanitarians or anthropomorphites as they are called..that the Deity possesses a material body. 2. Chiefly with capital initial. A person who professes a humanistic religion, esp. an adherent of the socialist religious ideas of Pierre Leroux (1797–1871). Cf. humanism n. 5. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > pragmatism > [noun] > humanism > humanist humanitarian1831 humanist1853 1831 Fraser's Mag. 4 54 Herder..in his work, entitled, the History of Humanity, is merely what may be termed a Humanitarian. 1844 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 56 589 M. Pierre Leroux, most distinguished of the Humanitarians, the last sect which figures on the scene, bidding for disciples. 1876 C. M. Davies Unorthodox London (rev. ed.) 400 The fifteen rules or doctrines of the Humanitarians. 1883 P. Schaff et al. Relig. Encycl. II. 1038/1 Humanitarian, a name applied..to such parties as profess the ‘religion of humanity’..the spontaneous perfectibility of the human race. 1997 N. Walter Humanism 39 The Humanitarians and Positivists were attempting to rescue religion from the superstitious errors of theology. 3. A person concerned with human welfare as a primary or pre-eminent good; esp. a person who seeks to promote human welfare and advocates action on this basis rather than for pragmatic or strategic reasons; a philanthropist. Chiefly depreciative in early use, with the implication of excessive sentimentality (cf. humanity-monger n. at humanity n. Compounds 2). ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social attitudes > philanthropy > [noun] > philanthropist good doerc1400 well-doerc1400 do-good1654 philanthropist1730 philanthrope1742 humanity-monger1829 philanthropic1839 humanitarian1843 pantophile1876 Scarlet Pimpernel1958 the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [noun] > humaneness > person humanity-monger1829 humanitarian1843 1843 Times 1 Feb. 4/4 Such is the argument used by modern humanitarians, to the great scandal of justice and common sense. 1848 ‘L. Mariotti’ Italy Past & Present II. i. 20 The patriot merged into the humanitarian. 1891 H. S. Constable Horses, Sport & War 84 A man cannot be too really humane, but the typical humanitarian is only sentimental. 1928 Social Forces 7 224/1 Not the least of these novelists was Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell..an earnest social worker, a liberalist, a dissenter, a humanitarian, and a prophetess of distinctly modern social methods. 1935 M. R. Anand Untouchable 183 He had..camouflaged the narrow, insular patriotism of his character in the jingo of the white-livered humanitarian. 1962 E. Snow Other Side of River (1963) xlvii. 361 No one is entitled to assume that ‘reform through labor’ in China is administered by humanitarians. 1977 D. Clement & I. La Frenais Porridge: Scripts (2002) 3rd Ser. Episode 4. 309 Fletcher Well, you're a humanitarian, ain'tcha? You're no hardnose. Warren You've played fair with us. 2001 R. F. Grover in R. C. Roach et al. Hypoxia: from Genes to Bedside 5 Jack and his wife Carol are true humanitarians. They have spent many weeks each year in Ukraine as part of a medical missionary group. B. adj. 1. Of, relating to, or holding the views or doctrines of a humanitarian (sense A. 1a). Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > doctrine > doctrine concerning the Trinity > [adjective] > concerning Christ, the Son > humanitarian humanist1790 psilanthropicc1816 humanitarianizing1831 humanitarian1833 ?1792 B. Hobhouse Reply to Rev. Randolph's Let. v. 104 Whether the text be right as it at present stands, or whether Sir Isaac Newton's opinion be just, there is nothing adverse to the Humanitarian creed. 1833 New-Eng. Mag. July 78 We were particularly struck with the weakness of his argument against the pre-existence of Christ—a doctrine in the belief of which we have been confirmed by seeing how the best of Humanitarian critics is forced to wrest scripture in order to defend his theory. 1885 P. Schaff Christ & Christianity 172 The..humanitarian pseudo-Christologies of the nineteenth century. 1886 Dict. National Biogr. V. 180/2 The original Calvinism of the race had changed to Arianism, and he himself became humanitarian in his Christology. 1956 L. E. Elliott-Binns Eng. Thought, 1860–1900 ix. 240 Ritschl and his followers tried to find a middle way between orthodox belief and a merely humanitarian conception of Christ. 1992 D. Young F. D. Maurice & Unitarianism i. 31 Belsham..determined, so far as he could, to restrict the name Unitarian to those who held a strictly humanitarian Christology. 2. a. Concerned with humanity as a whole; spec. seeking to promote human welfare as a primary or pre-eminent good; acting, or disposed to act, on this basis rather than for pragmatic or strategic reasons (chiefly depreciative in early use, with the implication of excessive sentimentality). ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social attitudes > philanthropy > [adjective] philanthropian1615 philanthropal1648 philanthropic1661 philanthropical1759 agathopoietica1782 humanitarian1844 humanitary1844 philanthropistic1851 beneficential1869 the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [adjective] > humane manlyc1400 humane1603 civil1609 humanitarian1844 1844 U.S. Mag. & Democratic Rev. Aug. 210/2 O'Connell is not a humanitarian philosopher,..because Ireland has too ma[n]y ills of its own to think of dissertating synthetically upon the ills of the human species. 1855 J. L. Motley Rise Dutch Republic I. ii. i. 250 However open to criticism upon broad humanitarian grounds. 1877 Spirit of Times 24 Nov. 450/1 All the Arcadian hopes which humanitarian enthusiasts believed would flow from such meetings of peoples and the work of their brains and hands, have not been verified. 1889 Harper's Mag. Aug. 432/2 Political events stepped in..to restore to German Christianity that national character which the humanitarian tendencies and abstract cosmopolitanism of the eighteenth century had cause it to lose. 1897 F. N. Maude Voluntary v. Compulsory Service 33 All the nonsense of humanitarian sentimentalists. 1918 Lancaster (Ohio) Daily Eagle 3 Apr. 1/4 The causes which will come to this community Chest for relief are humanitarian and patriotic in the highest degree. 1926 W. Lewis Art of being Ruled iii. ii. 71 The primitive humanitarian notion of the rising and reigning of the sans-culotte. 1968 Brit. Jrnl. Psychiatry 114 892/1 The State Hospitals, like our County Hospitals, were founded as part of a humanitarian movement. 2003 ‘S. Pax’ Weblog Diary 30 Mar. in Baghdad Blog 139 He was..all alone and holding up a sign saying in Arabic ‘Iraqis refuse to take any humanitarian aid from Jordanians and Egyptians’. b. Designating an event or situation which causes or involves (widespread) human suffering, esp. one which requires the provision of aid or support on a large scale. ΚΠ 1933 Brainerd (Minnesota) Daily Disp. 11 Dec. 1/2 They will exert every effort to wind the drive up as soon as possible and their initiative and generous response in giving their time and service in this great humanitarian emergency is inspiring. 1970 Y. Bauer From Diplomacy to Resistance i. 63 Was it preferable to rescue a maximal number of refugees by bringing them in secretly, and hope for public opinion to be in sympathy with the national and humanitarian disaster that was theirs? 1982 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 19 Dec. xi. 1/2 [He] regards himself as..a man who sees a humanitarian crisis and rushes to help, hoping he is pointing the way for others, such as government agencies, the United Nations or private relief organizations. 1995 Times 25 Sept. 13/8 The power cut stopped the cooling system on the nuclear reactors of four decommissioned submarines, threatening to cause a meltdown and trigger an environmental and humanitarian tragedy. 2007 New Yorker 17 Sept. 60/1 Prevent a humanitarian catastrophe on the scale of Rwanda. 3. Of a religion: having the welfare, progress, or development of the human race as its object; humanistic. Also: of or relating to such a religion. Cf. sense A. 2. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > kinds of worship > [adjective] > of humanity positivist1856 humanitarian1857 positivistic1859 1857 E. Pressensé in E. Steane Relig. Condition Christendom II. 484 On this basis M. Comte wishes to construct a Humanitarian religion. 1861 G. Smith Doctr. Hist. Progress 4 I am not aware that so much as the rudiment of a new religion has yet been actually produced, unless it be the Humanitarian religion of M. Comte. 1876 C. M. Davies Unorthodox London (rev. ed.) 413 The Humanitarian Solemnization of Matrimony. 1925 G. K. Chesterton Everlasting Man i. iv. 91 An Ethical Hymn-book of this humanitarian sort of religion was carefully selected and expurgated on the principle of preserving anything human and eliminating anything divine. 1943 L. L. Bernard & J. S. Bernard Origins Amer. Sociol. xii. 166 Edger, who had been living in a hut, now determined to build a house and to include in it an oratory and chapel for Positivist humanitarian worship. 2000 Rev. Politics 62 282 This new humanitarian religion would be characterized by peace, love, and mutual sympathy among members of different cultures. Compounds humanitarian intervention n. chiefly International Law intervention in the affairs of a foreign state for the purpose of safeguarding or promoting the welfare and rights of its inhabitants; spec. (a) military intervention by one or more states aimed at addressing serious human rights violations in another. ΚΠ 1866 London Rev. 24 Nov. 572/2 The French Government..prevents any humanitarian intervention in our favour. 1880 W. E. Hall Internat. Law ii. viii. 247 The opinions of the modern international jurists who touch upon humanitarian intervention are very various. 1969 Compar. & Internat. Law Jrnl. Southern Afr. 2 464 A case for humanitarian intervention might be made in the case of Rhodesia. 1972 Times 4 May 6/5 The ICRC's humanitarian interventions in recent years have been in situations not adequately covered by the existing conventions. 2013 Bangkok Post (Nexis) 10 Sept. Humanitarian intervention in Libya was the consequence of the Gadhafi regime's killing of its people. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.?1792
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