† hoven.¹

Etymology: Old English hófe , also in the combination túnhófe ? ‘garden hove’, and in Middle English heihove hayhove n., and ale-hove alehoof n., names of ground-ivy.

Obsolete.

The name of some plant, considered by an early glossator to be a ‘viola’ or violet; in the Promptorium identified with hayhove, Ground Ivy.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > unidentified or variously identified plants > [noun]

smearwortc725

evenlesteneOE

hovec1000

hindheala1300

vareworta1300

falcc1310

holwort1350

spigurnela1400

rush?a1425

buck's tonguec1450

lich-walec1450

lich-wortc1450

vine-bind1483

finter-fanter?a1500

heartwood1525

wake-wort1530

Our Lady's gloves1538

bacchar1551

hog's snout1559

centron1570

lady's glove1575

sharewort1578

kite's-foot1580

Magdalene1589

astrophel1591

eileber1597

exan1597

blue butterflower1599

bybbey1600

oenothera1601

rhodora1601

shamefaced1605

mouse-foot1607

Byzantine1621

popinjay1629

priest's bonnet1685

Indian weed1687

foal-bit1706

shepherd's bodkin1706

bottle-head1714

walking leaf1718

French apple1736

bugleweed1771

night-weed1810

beggar-weed1878

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > labiate plant or plants > [noun] > ground-ivy

hovec1000

tunhoofc1000

earth ivyOE

hayhovec1325

alehoofa1400

mead-rattlea1400

ground-ivyc1400

yardhovec1430

cat's-foot1597

maidenhair1657

maidenhair berry1794

maidener1938

c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 20 Wiþ heafod ece genim hofan and win and eced.

c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 34 Wiþ eagna ece, genim þa readan hofan.

c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 134/39 Viola, hofe.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 250/1 Hove, or grownd yvy.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

† hovehofn.²

Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norse hóf.

Etymology: < Old Norse hóf moderation, measure, < hefja, hóf, to take up, lift, raise, exalt, etc.

Obsolete.

Measure, moderation, temperateness.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > restrained or moderate behaviour > [noun]

i-metOE

hovec1175

metc1175

methec1175

measurec1225

measure?c1225

temperancea1340

methefulnessc1350

temperurec1380

mannera1382

mannernessa1382

sobernessc1384

attemperancec1386

measurablenessa1400

amesingc1400

meanheada1425

mediocrity?a1425

moderation?a1425

moderancea1460

temperancy1526

mean1531

modesty1531

temperature1536

measure-keeping1556

moderateness1571

moderature1574

sobriety1582

mediety1583

moderacy1601

temperateness1609

reserve1660

medium1693

soft pedal1899

met1932

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 4742 Aȝȝ att rihht time. & aȝȝ att hof. Forr þatt iss drihhtin cweme.

a1300 Cursor Mundi 23291 Þai sal be beft wit-vten houe.

a1300 Cursor Mundi 26990 Hop es god at hald wit houe, Bot til vnskil not worth a gloue.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11973 Iesus þat was fulfild o houe, His moder mode wald he noght droue.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

† hoven.³

Forms: Middle English–1500s hove, 1500s huyfe, hufe, hoif, 1500s–1600s hoff(e.

Etymology: perhaps < hove v.¹; or ? from Old English hof, hall, dwelling, Old Norse hof temple, German, Dutch hof court.

Scottish. Obsolete.

In Arthur's hove, Julius' hove: names applied by various authors to a remarkable round edifice which formerly stood near Carron in Stirlingshire: see Jamieson, s.v. Hoif. The local name appears to have been Arthur's Oon (oven); it is called Furnus Arthuri in the Newbottle Chart. 1293.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > record > memorial or monument > [noun] > structure or erection > specific

Arthur's hovec1377

milliarium1591

the seven wonders of the worlda1616

c1377 J. Fordun Scoti-chron. (1759) I. ii. xvi. 51 Quam cum Arthurus rex..recreandi gratiâ invisere soleret, a plebeis propterea Arthuris Hove dicebatur.

1526 H. Boethius Sc. Hist. iii. f. xxxv Hancque Iulis Hoff, id est Iuli aulam seu curiam, quod nomen ad nos deuenit ab incolis exinde appellatam.

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) III. 193 The laif..He gart lat stand and wrait vpoun the wall ‘Arthuris hufe’, quhilk is to say, his hall.

c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. xiv. vii. f. 209/1 The inhabitantis..put the Romane..superstitionis out of y^e wallis thairof. And ingrauit the armis of king Arthoure, and commandit it to be callit Arthouris hoif.

a1639 J. Spottiswood Hist. Church Scotl. (MS.) at Arthur's Oon (Jam.) As to K. Edward giving it the name of Arthur's Hoff or house, it had the name of Arthur's Oon or Kiln long before.

1639 J. Ussher Britannicarum Ecclesiarum xv. 586 Arthurs Oven & Julius hoff appellant hodie.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† hoven.⁴

Forms: Also hofe.

Etymology: < hove v.¹

The action of tarrying or lingering; in on hove, in waiting, in suspense.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > state of uncertainty, suspense > [adjective]

suspensec1440

suspensed1526

on hovec1540

ambiguous1550

staggeringa1577

suspended1576

in suspense1583

halting1585

suspensory1611

suspensive1614

(to stand or sit) on or upon the fence1828

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 12699 Held hom on hofe in the hegh sea.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

† hoven.⁵

Etymology: A doubtful form; perhaps a scribal error for heve = Middle Dutch heve , German hefe , yeast, barm, lees, dregs. Compare also Old English hæfe (= hęfe ) yeast, leaven; < root of heven , heave v.

Obsolete. rare.

Lees, dregs, sediment (of oil, ale, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > [noun] > specific impurities > sediment

drastc1000

groundsa1340

ground-sopec1440

hovec1440

faecesa1475

groundingsa1475

fex1540

suds1548

grummel1558

foot1560

grout1697

sludge1702

faecula1815

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 250/1 Hove of oyle, as barme, and ale..amurca.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

† hovev.¹

Forms: Middle English–1500s houe, (Middle English hofe), Middle English– hove, (1500s hoove); Scottish (and northern) Middle English houffe, Middle English huf(e, Middle English–1500s huve, Middle English huwe, hue, Middle English–1500s huif, 1500s huff.

Etymology: Of great frequency in Middle English from 13th cent.; in 16th cent. largely superseded by hover n.² Derivation unknown. The usual rhymes with move, prove, love, the 16th cent. spelling hoove, and above all the Scots forms huve, huive, show that the early Middle English was hōven, = Old English *hófian with long ó. This severs it from the family of Old English hof, hall, dwelling, to which it has sometimes been referred.

Obsolete.

a. intransitive. To remain in a suspended or floating condition, as a bird in the air or a boat on water; to be poised, to hover v.¹

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > action or process of floating > float [verb (intransitive)]

fleetc1000

swimc1000

floata1100

hovec1220

supernate1683

the world > space > relative position > support > absence of support > be unsupported [verb (intransitive)] > be held up without support

hangc1175

hovec1220

hover1578

to hang on the trip1681

poise1818

dream1828

balance1833

pendulize1869

c1220 Bestiary 69 So riȝt so he cunne he [eagle] houeð in ðe sunne.

c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 269/298 Euere houede þis clere lijȝt ouer hire faire and heiȝe.

a1352 L. Minot Poems (1914) iii. 83 viij. and xl. galays..houed on þe flode.

c1420 J. Lydgate Assembly of Gods 1608 Ouer her heede houyd a culuer fayre & whyte.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 251/2 Hovyn yn watur, or oþer lycoure, supernato.

1550 R. Hutchinson Image of God (1560) vii. 26 Elias..making the Iron which is heuy to houe aboue the waters.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. vii. sig. Ii4 A little bote lay hoving her before.

b. To lie at anchor.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > berthing, mooring, or anchoring > berth, moor, or anchor [verb (intransitive)] > anchor > lie at anchor

standOE

ridec1300

to lay at anchor1530

hove?c1550

?c1550 tr. P. Vergil Eng. Hist. (1846) I. 52 Abowte the iiij^th hower of the nexte daye hee [Cæsar] hooved beefore Brittaine.

a. To wait, tarry, linger, stay, remain; often spec. to remain on horseback.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (intransitive)] > on one's way or linger

hovec1220

abide1487

linger1530

hover1591

hanker1601

to linger on1805

hang1830

c1220 Bestiary 525 [He] stireð up and houeð stille.

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 4468 Moroud erl of gloucestre mid is ost bi syde In an valeye houede þe endinge uor to abyde.

c1430 Syr Generides (Roxb.) 9101 She houed on hir palfray To wit what he wold say.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 252/1 Hovyn on hors, and a-bydyn, sirocino.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xviii. 299 He hufit [1489 Adv. howyt] in-till ane enbuschement.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid v. x. 59 All redy hufand thar coursis for to tak.

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 245 On to this erle quhair he wes huifand by.

1568 in J. Small Poems W. Dunbar (1893) II. 308 Quhairof I hovit..in dowt.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 288 Syr Geoffrey houed still in the fields priuely with his Banner before him.

1577 R. Stanyhurst Treat. Descr. Irelande iii. f. 10^v/2, in R. Holinshed Chron. I Being intercepted by them, that lay hoouing in ambush.

1584 King James VI & I Ess. Prentise Poesie sig. L That ȝe make not proue and reproue ryme together, nor houe for houeing on hors bak, and behoue.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. x. sig. Mm3^v A couple..Which houed close vnder a forest side, As if they lay in wait, or els them selues did hide.

1595 E. Spenser Colin Clouts come Home Againe sig. D2 The which in Court continually hooued [rhyme prooved].

b. figurative. To linger or dwell on.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > think about, consider [verb (intransitive)]

thinkOE

bethinka1200

umthinka1300

to have mind ofc1300

casta1340

studya1375

delivera1382

to chew the cudc1384

to take advisementa1393

stema1400

compassc1400

advisec1405

deliberc1405

to make it wisec1405

to take deliberationc1405

enter?a1413

riddlec1426

hovec1440

devise?c1450

to study by (also in) oneself?c1450

considerc1460

porec1500

regard1523

deliberate1543

to put on one's thinking or considering cap1546

contemplate1560

consult1565

perpend1568

vise1568

to consider of1569

weigh1573

ruminate1574

dascanc1579

to lay to (one's) heart1588

pondera1593

debate1594

reflect1596

comment1597

perponder1599

revolvea1600

rumine1605

consider on, upon1606

to think twice1623

reflex1631

spell1645

ponderatea1652

to turn about1725

to cast a thought, a reflection upon1736

to wake over1771

incubatea1847

mull1857

fink1888

c1440 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine ii. 915 Ffy on þo hertes þat euer on swech þing houe!

3. To come or go floating or soaring; to be borne (as on horseback), move, or pass away; to pass on, pass by.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > progressive motion > move along [verb (intransitive)]

goeOE

lithec900

nimOE

fare971

shakeOE

strikea1000

gangOE

gengOE

seekc1000

glidea1275

wevec1300

hove1390

drevea1400

sway?a1400

wainc1540

discoursea1547

yede1563

trot1612

to get along1683

locomove1792

locomote1831

society > travel > [verb (intransitive)] > pass by

passc1330

to go byc1449

hove1535

forpass1590

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 323 Hove out of my sonne And lete it shine into my tonne.

c1400 Melayne 1490 He sawe come houande ouer a felle Many a brade Banere.

1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure iii. v Ymages of golde..whiche with the wynde aye moved..About the towers in sundry wyse they hoved.

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 234 Tua pert Pechtis on hors wer huvand by.

a1600 (c1515) Flodden Field (Harl. 367) l. 281 in I. F. Baird Poems Stanley Family (D.Phil. thesis, Univ. of Birm.) (1990) 263 The hynde Hassall hoved on faste.

4. transitive. To brood over, as a bird: = hover v.¹ 5.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > egg > [verb (transitive)] > brood over

hove1399

broodc1440

cover1607

hurkle1640

hover1789

1399 W. Langland Richard Redeles ii. 146 Þe..Egle..Hasteth him in heruest to houyn his bryddis.

1399 W. Langland Richard Redeles iii. 50 Anoþer proud partriche..houeth þe eyren þat þe hue laide And with hir corps keuereth hem.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† hovev.²

Forms: Also 1600s houve, hoove, hoave.

Etymology: apparently a derivative of heave v. (past tense hove, past participle hoven).

Obsolete or dialect.

1. transitive. To raise, lift.The first quot. is from its date doubtful; the word may be hewand for hevand from heave v.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > make to go up or cause to rise [verb (transitive)] > lift or take up

aheaveeOE

to reach upOE

to draw upOE

bearc1225

upnimc1290

to take upc1330

upholda1400

lutchc1400

hovec1480

upweigha1593

lift1596

poise1689

to up with1825

c1480 (a1400) St. James Less 675 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 169 Howand his handis to þe hewyn.

1570 Mariage Witte & Sci. v. v. sig. Fi^v Houe vp his head vpon your speare, soe here a ioyfull signe.

2. transitive. To swell, inflate, puff up or out. Chiefly in past participle hoved adj. = hoven adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > expand or enlarge [verb (transitive)] > distend > swell

swella1400

puffc1460

embossc1475

extend1481

heave1573

ball1593

tympanize1593

tumefy1597

hove1601

bladder1610

buzzlea1634

burly1635

inflatea1705

bumfle1832

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 255 Like unto bladders puft up and hooved with wind.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 560 Their bread is lighter and more houved vp than any other.

1640 tr. J. A. Comenius Janua Linguarum Reserata (new ed.) xxxiv. §407 The crum light and hoaved [puff'd] within.

1787 R. Burns Death & Dr. Hornbook xxviii, in Poems (new ed.) 64 Some ill-brewn drink had hov'd her wame.

1795 Gentleman's Mag. 65 ii. 894 Cattle that are hoved or swelled.

1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Hoven, to swell, to puff up.

3. intransitive (for reflexive). To rise; to swell up.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > rise or go up [verb (intransitive)]

styc825

astyc950

ariseOE

upstyOE

to step upOE

upcomec1000

to come upOE

to go upOE

upwendc1200

runge?c1225

amountc1275

upgoa1325

heavec1325

uparise1340

ascend1382

higha1393

lifta1400

risea1400

skilla1400

uprisea1400

raisec1400

rearc1400

surmount1430

to get upc1450

transcenda1513

springa1525

upmounta1560

assurge?1567

hove1590

surgea1591

tower1618

hoist1647

upheave1649

to draw up1672

spire1680

insurrect1694

soar1697

upsoar1726

uprear1828

higher1889

the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > expand or enlarge [verb (intransitive)] > distend > swell

swellOE

to-swellc1000

bolnec1325

pluma1398

bladderc1440

boldena1510

to bulk1551

hove1590

tympanize1607

outswell1612

tumefy1615

extuberate1623

heave1629

blister1644

puff1648

huff1656

intumesce1794

pluff1831

balloon1841

turgesce1864

tumesce1966

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. ii. sig. B7^v Astond he stood, and vp his heare did houe.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 500 The earth..swelleth and houeth as it were with a leauen.

1811 [implied in: W. Aiton Gen. View Agric. Ayr 456 Hoving or fire-forging is so seldom met with in the sweet milk cheese of that county. (at hoving n.)].

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

hovev.³

Etymology: Shortened < behove v.

= behove v.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > [verb (transitive)]

birc950

oughtOE

behovec1175

dowa1225

liea1225

owea1250

it stands one upona1393

liea1400

busc1400

hovec1450

to stand (a person) in (also on) handc1555

import1561

stand1602

befit1604

to stand on ——1608

to lie with1885

c1450 J. Lydgate Secrees 1184 (heading) How a kyng hovith to haue a leche to kepe his body.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 252 b/2 That we myght make thyn exequyes couenable as it houeth and is dygne and worthy.

1594 R. Carew tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne i. 10 A zeale How great, of host thy charge hooues thee to heat.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online January 2018).

n.¹c1000

n.²c1175

n.³c1377

n.⁴c1540

n.⁵c1440

v.¹c1220

v.²c1480

v.³c1450

单词	hove
释义	† hoven.¹ Etymology: Old English hófe , also in the combination túnhófe ? ‘garden hove’, and in Middle English heihove hayhove n., and ale-hove alehoof n., names of ground-ivy. Obsolete. The name of some plant, considered by an early glossator to be a ‘viola’ or violet; in the Promptorium identified with hayhove, Ground Ivy. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > unidentified or variously identified plants > [noun] smearwortc725 evenlesteneOE hovec1000 hindheala1300 vareworta1300 falcc1310 holwort1350 spigurnela1400 rush?a1425 buck's tonguec1450 lich-walec1450 lich-wortc1450 vine-bind1483 finter-fanter?a1500 heartwood1525 wake-wort1530 Our Lady's gloves1538 bacchar1551 hog's snout1559 centron1570 lady's glove1575 sharewort1578 kite's-foot1580 Magdalene1589 astrophel1591 eileber1597 exan1597 blue butterflower1599 bybbey1600 oenothera1601 rhodora1601 shamefaced1605 mouse-foot1607 Byzantine1621 popinjay1629 priest's bonnet1685 Indian weed1687 foal-bit1706 shepherd's bodkin1706 bottle-head1714 walking leaf1718 French apple1736 bugleweed1771 night-weed1810 beggar-weed1878 the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > labiate plant or plants > [noun] > ground-ivy hovec1000 tunhoofc1000 earth ivyOE hayhovec1325 alehoofa1400 mead-rattlea1400 ground-ivyc1400 yardhovec1430 cat's-foot1597 maidenhair1657 maidenhair berry1794 maidener1938 c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 20 Wiþ heafod ece genim hofan and win and eced. c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 34 Wiþ eagna ece, genim þa readan hofan. c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 134/39 Viola, hofe. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 250/1 Hove, or grownd yvy. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online June 2021). † hovehofn.² Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norse hóf. Etymology: < Old Norse hóf moderation, measure, < hefja, hóf, to take up, lift, raise, exalt, etc. Obsolete. Measure, moderation, temperateness. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > restrained or moderate behaviour > [noun] i-metOE hovec1175 metc1175 methec1175 measurec1225 measure?c1225 temperancea1340 methefulnessc1350 temperurec1380 mannera1382 mannernessa1382 sobernessc1384 attemperancec1386 measurablenessa1400 amesingc1400 meanheada1425 mediocrity?a1425 moderation?a1425 moderancea1460 temperancy1526 mean1531 modesty1531 temperature1536 measure-keeping1556 moderateness1571 moderature1574 sobriety1582 mediety1583 moderacy1601 temperateness1609 reserve1660 medium1693 soft pedal1899 met1932 c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 4742 Aȝȝ att rihht time. & aȝȝ att hof. Forr þatt iss drihhtin cweme. a1300 Cursor Mundi 23291 Þai sal be beft wit-vten houe. a1300 Cursor Mundi 26990 Hop es god at hald wit houe, Bot til vnskil not worth a gloue. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11973 Iesus þat was fulfild o houe, His moder mode wald he noght droue. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2021). † hoven.³ Forms: Middle English–1500s hove, 1500s huyfe, hufe, hoif, 1500s–1600s hoff(e. Etymology: perhaps < hove v.¹; or ? from Old English hof, hall, dwelling, Old Norse hof temple, German, Dutch hof court. Scottish. Obsolete. In Arthur's hove, Julius' hove: names applied by various authors to a remarkable round edifice which formerly stood near Carron in Stirlingshire: see Jamieson, s.v. Hoif. The local name appears to have been Arthur's Oon (oven); it is called Furnus Arthuri in the Newbottle Chart. 1293. ΘΚΠ society > communication > record > memorial or monument > [noun] > structure or erection > specific Arthur's hovec1377 milliarium1591 the seven wonders of the worlda1616 c1377 J. Fordun Scoti-chron. (1759) I. ii. xvi. 51 Quam cum Arthurus rex..recreandi gratiâ invisere soleret, a plebeis propterea Arthuris Hove dicebatur. 1526 H. Boethius Sc. Hist. iii. f. xxxv Hancque Iulis Hoff, id est Iuli aulam seu curiam, quod nomen ad nos deuenit ab incolis exinde appellatam. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) III. 193 The laif..He gart lat stand and wrait vpoun the wall ‘Arthuris hufe’, quhilk is to say, his hall. c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. xiv. vii. f. 209/1 The inhabitantis..put the Romane..superstitionis out of y^e wallis thairof. And ingrauit the armis of king Arthoure, and commandit it to be callit Arthouris hoif. a1639 J. Spottiswood Hist. Church Scotl. (MS.) at Arthur's Oon (Jam.) As to K. Edward giving it the name of Arthur's Hoff or house, it had the name of Arthur's Oon or Kiln long before. 1639 J. Ussher Britannicarum Ecclesiarum xv. 586 Arthurs Oven & Julius hoff appellant hodie. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † hoven.⁴ Forms: Also hofe. Etymology: < hove v.¹ The action of tarrying or lingering; in on hove, in waiting, in suspense. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > state of uncertainty, suspense > [adjective] suspensec1440 suspensed1526 on hovec1540 ambiguous1550 staggeringa1577 suspended1576 in suspense1583 halting1585 suspensory1611 suspensive1614 (to stand or sit) on or upon the fence1828 c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 12699 Held hom on hofe in the hegh sea. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2021). † hoven.⁵ Etymology: A doubtful form; perhaps a scribal error for heve = Middle Dutch heve , German hefe , yeast, barm, lees, dregs. Compare also Old English hæfe (= hęfe ) yeast, leaven; < root of heven , heave v. Obsolete. rare. Lees, dregs, sediment (of oil, ale, etc.). ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > [noun] > specific impurities > sediment drastc1000 groundsa1340 ground-sopec1440 hovec1440 faecesa1475 groundingsa1475 fex1540 suds1548 grummel1558 foot1560 grout1697 sludge1702 faecula1815 c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 250/1 Hove of oyle, as barme, and ale..amurca. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online June 2021). † hovev.¹ Forms: Middle English–1500s houe, (Middle English hofe), Middle English– hove, (1500s hoove); Scottish (and northern) Middle English houffe, Middle English huf(e, Middle English–1500s huve, Middle English huwe, hue, Middle English–1500s huif, 1500s huff. Etymology: Of great frequency in Middle English from 13th cent.; in 16th cent. largely superseded by hover n.² Derivation unknown. The usual rhymes with move, prove, love, the 16th cent. spelling hoove, and above all the Scots forms huve, huive, show that the early Middle English was hōven, = Old English hófian with long ó. This severs it from the family of Old English hof, hall, dwelling, to which it has sometimes been referred. Obsolete. 1. a. intransitive. To remain in a suspended or floating condition, as a bird in the air or a boat on water; to be poised, to hover v.¹ ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > action or process of floating > float [verb (intransitive)] fleetc1000 swimc1000 floata1100 hovec1220 supernate1683 the world > space > relative position > support > absence of support > be unsupported [verb (intransitive)] > be held up without support hangc1175 hovec1220 hover1578 to hang on the trip1681 poise1818 dream1828 balance1833 pendulize1869 c1220 Bestiary* 69 So riȝt so he cunne he [eagle] houeð in ðe sunne. c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 269/298 Euere houede þis clere lijȝt ouer hire faire and heiȝe. a1352 L. Minot Poems (1914) iii. 83 viij. and xl. galays..houed on þe flode. c1420 J. Lydgate Assembly of Gods 1608 Ouer her heede houyd a culuer fayre & whyte. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 251/2 Hovyn yn watur, or oþer lycoure, supernato. 1550 R. Hutchinson Image of God (1560) vii. 26 Elias..making the Iron which is heuy to houe aboue the waters. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. vii. sig. Ii4 A little bote lay hoving her before. b. To lie at anchor. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > berthing, mooring, or anchoring > berth, moor, or anchor [verb (intransitive)] > anchor > lie at anchor standOE ridec1300 to lay at anchor1530 hove?c1550 ?c1550 tr. P. Vergil Eng. Hist. (1846) I. 52 Abowte the iiij^th hower of the nexte daye hee [Cæsar] hooved beefore Brittaine. 2. a. To wait, tarry, linger, stay, remain; often spec. to remain on horseback. ΘΚΠ the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (intransitive)] > on one's way or linger hovec1220 abide1487 linger1530 hover1591 hanker1601 to linger on1805 hang1830 c1220 Bestiary 525 [He] stireð up and houeð stille. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 4468 Moroud erl of gloucestre mid is ost bi syde In an valeye houede þe endinge uor to abyde. c1430 Syr Generides (Roxb.) 9101 She houed on hir palfray To wit what he wold say. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 252/1 Hovyn on hors, and a-bydyn, sirocino. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xviii. 299 He hufit [1489 Adv. howyt] in-till ane enbuschement. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid v. x. 59 All redy hufand thar coursis for to tak. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 245 On to this erle quhair he wes huifand by. 1568 in J. Small Poems W. Dunbar (1893) II. 308 Quhairof I hovit..in dowt. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 288 Syr Geoffrey houed still in the fields priuely with his Banner before him. 1577 R. Stanyhurst Treat. Descr. Irelande iii. f. 10^v/2, in R. Holinshed Chron. I Being intercepted by them, that lay hoouing in ambush. 1584 King James VI & I Ess. Prentise Poesie sig. L That ȝe make not proue and reproue ryme together, nor houe for houeing on hors bak, and behoue. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. x. sig. Mm3^v A couple..Which houed close vnder a forest side, As if they lay in wait, or els them selues did hide. 1595 E. Spenser Colin Clouts come Home Againe sig. D2 The which in Court continually hooued [rhyme prooved]. b. figurative. To linger or dwell on. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > think about, consider [verb (intransitive)] thinkOE thinkOE bethinka1200 umthinka1300 to have mind ofc1300 casta1340 studya1375 delivera1382 to chew the cudc1384 to take advisementa1393 stema1400 compassc1400 advisec1405 deliberc1405 to make it wisec1405 to take deliberationc1405 enter?a1413 riddlec1426 hovec1440 devise?c1450 to study by (also in) oneself?c1450 considerc1460 porec1500 regard1523 deliberate1543 to put on one's thinking or considering cap1546 contemplate1560 consult1565 perpend1568 vise1568 to consider of1569 weigh1573 ruminate1574 dascanc1579 to lay to (one's) heart1588 pondera1593 debate1594 reflect1596 comment1597 perponder1599 revolvea1600 rumine1605 consider on, upon1606 to think twice1623 reflex1631 spell1645 ponderatea1652 to turn about1725 to cast a thought, a reflection upon1736 to wake over1771 incubatea1847 mull1857 fink1888 c1440 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine ii. 915 Ffy on þo hertes þat euer on swech þing houe! 3. To come or go floating or soaring; to be borne (as on horseback), move, or pass away; to pass on, pass by. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > progressive motion > move along [verb (intransitive)] goeOE lithec900 nimOE fare971 shakeOE strikea1000 gangOE gengOE seekc1000 glidea1275 wevec1300 hove1390 drevea1400 sway?a1400 wainc1540 discoursea1547 yede1563 trot1612 to get along1683 locomove1792 locomote1831 society > travel > [verb (intransitive)] > pass by passc1330 to go byc1449 hove1535 forpass1590 hit1911 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 323 Hove out of my sonne And lete it shine into my tonne. c1400 Melayne 1490 He sawe come houande ouer a felle Many a brade Banere. 1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure iii. v Ymages of golde..whiche with the wynde aye moved..About the towers in sundry wyse they hoved. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 234 Tua pert Pechtis on hors wer huvand by. a1600 (c1515) Flodden Field (Harl. 367) l. 281 in I. F. Baird Poems Stanley Family (D.Phil. thesis, Univ. of Birm.) (1990) 263 The hynde Hassall hoved on faste. 4. transitive. To brood over, as a bird: = hover v.¹ 5. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > egg > [verb (transitive)] > brood over hove1399 broodc1440 cover1607 hurkle1640 hover1789 1399 W. Langland Richard Redeles ii. 146 Þe..Egle..Hasteth him in heruest to houyn his bryddis. 1399 W. Langland Richard Redeles iii. 50 Anoþer proud partriche..houeth þe eyren þat þe hue laide And with hir corps keuereth hem. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † hovev.² Forms: Also 1600s houve, hoove, hoave. Etymology: apparently a derivative of heave v. (past tense hove, past participle hoven). Obsolete or dialect. 1. transitive. To raise, lift.The first quot. is from its date doubtful; the word may be hewand for hevand from heave v. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > make to go up or cause to rise [verb (transitive)] > lift or take up aheaveeOE to reach upOE to draw upOE bearc1225 upnimc1290 to take upc1330 upholda1400 lutchc1400 hovec1480 upweigha1593 lift1596 poise1689 to up with1825 c1480 (a1400) St. James Less 675 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 169 Howand his handis to þe hewyn. 1570 Mariage Witte & Sci. v. v. sig. Fi^v Houe vp his head vpon your speare, soe here a ioyfull signe. 2. transitive. To swell, inflate, puff up or out. Chiefly in past participle hoved adj. = hoven adj. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > expand or enlarge [verb (transitive)] > distend > swell swella1400 puffc1460 embossc1475 extend1481 heave1573 ball1593 tympanize1593 tumefy1597 hove1601 bladder1610 buzzlea1634 burly1635 inflatea1705 bumfle1832 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 255 Like unto bladders puft up and hooved with wind. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 560 Their bread is lighter and more houved vp than any other. 1640 tr. J. A. Comenius Janua Linguarum Reserata (new ed.) xxxiv. §407 The crum light and hoaved [puff'd] within. 1787 R. Burns Death & Dr. Hornbook xxviii, in Poems (new ed.) 64 Some ill-brewn drink had hov'd her wame. 1795 Gentleman's Mag. 65 ii. 894 Cattle that are hoved or swelled. 1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Hoven, to swell, to puff up. 3. intransitive (for reflexive). To rise; to swell up. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > rise or go up [verb (intransitive)] styc825 astyc950 ariseOE upstyOE to step upOE upcomec1000 to come upOE to go upOE upwendc1200 runge?c1225 amountc1275 upgoa1325 heavec1325 uparise1340 ascend1382 higha1393 lifta1400 risea1400 skilla1400 uprisea1400 raisec1400 rearc1400 surmount1430 to get upc1450 transcenda1513 springa1525 upmounta1560 assurge?1567 hove1590 surgea1591 tower1618 hoist1647 upheave1649 to draw up1672 spire1680 insurrect1694 soar1697 upsoar1726 uprear1828 higher1889 the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > expand or enlarge [verb (intransitive)] > distend > swell swellOE to-swellc1000 bolnec1325 pluma1398 bladderc1440 boldena1510 to bulk1551 hove1590 tympanize1607 outswell1612 tumefy1615 extuberate1623 heave1629 blister1644 puff1648 huff1656 intumesce1794 pluff1831 balloon1841 turgesce1864 tumesce1966 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. ii. sig. B7^v Astond he stood, and vp his heare did houe. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 500 The earth..swelleth and houeth as it were with a leauen. 1811 [implied in: W. Aiton Gen. View Agric. Ayr 456 Hoving or fire-forging is so seldom met with in the sweet milk cheese of that county. (at hoving n.)]. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online September 2021). hovev.³ Etymology: Shortened < behove v. = behove v. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > [verb (transitive)] birc950 oughtOE behovec1175 dowa1225 liea1225 owea1250 it stands one upona1393 liea1400 busc1400 hovec1450 to stand (a person) in (also on) handc1555 import1561 stand1602 befit1604 to stand on ——1608 to lie with1885 c1450 J. Lydgate Secrees 1184 (heading) How a kyng hovith to haue a leche to kepe his body. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 252 b/2 That we myght make thyn exequyes couenable as it houeth and is dygne and worthy. 1594 R. Carew tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne i. 10 A zeale How great, of host thy charge hooues thee to heat. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online January 2018). < n.¹c1000n.²c1175n.³c1377n.⁴c1540n.⁵c1440v.¹c1220v.²c1480v.³c1450
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