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单词 humane
释义

humaneadj.

Brit. /hjʊˈmeɪn/, /ˌhjuːˈmeɪn/, U.S. /hjuˈmeɪn/
Forms: late Middle English–1500s humayne, 1500s humain, 1500s humaine, 1500s– humane, 1600s–1700s human.
Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: human adj.
Etymology: Originally a variant of human adj., now usually distinguished in form in the senses below (compare -ane suffix1).On the form and pronunciation history see discussion at human adj.
1.
a. Originally: †civil, courteous, or obliging towards others (obsolete). In later use: characterized by sympathy with and consideration for others; feeling or showing compassion towards humans or animals; benevolent, kind.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > [adjective]
metheOE
hendc1225
debonairc1230
hendya1250
courteousc1275
hendlyc1275
bonairc1300
quaintc1300
sweetc1330
graciousa1375
meetha1400
debonary1402
debonariousc1485
humanec1500
civil1565
genty1660
discreet1739
polite1751
politeful1832
the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [adjective]
mildeOE
blitheOE
goodOE
well-willingOE
beina1200
goodfulc1275
blithefula1300
faira1300
benignc1320
gainc1330
sweetc1330
kinda1333
propicec1350
well-willeda1382
well-disposeda1393
well-hearteda1393
well-willinga1393
friendsomea1400
well-willya1400
charitablec1405
well-willed1417
good-heartedc1425
kindlyc1425
honeyed1435
propitious1440
affectuousc1441
willya1449
homelyc1450
benevolous1470
benigned1470
benevolent1482
favourousc1485
well-meaned1488
well-meaning1498
humanec1500
favourablec1503
affectionatea1516
well-mindedc1522
beneficial1526
propiciant1531
benignate1533
well-intendeda1535
beneficious1535
kind-hearted1535
well-given1535
affectioned1539
well-wishing1548
figgy?1549
good-meaning1549
affectedc1553
affectionated1561
well-natured1561
well-affected?1563
officious1565
well-inclined1569
good-natured1582
partial1587
graceful?1593
well-intentioned1598
beneficent1616
candid1633
kindlike1637
benefic1641
kindly-hearted1762
well-meant1765
benignanta1782
sweet-hearted1850
the mind > emotion > compassion > [adjective] > pitying or compassionate
ruefulc1225
ruthfulc1225
piteousc1300
pietousa1393
rueinga1400
piec1429
compassionable1548
compassioned?1578
miserable1584
compassionate1587
pitying1589
eleemosynous?1590
humane1603
compassionful1604
remorsive1606
remorseful1610
compassive1612
yearnful1633
the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [adjective] > humane
manlyc1400
humane1603
civil1609
humanitarian1844
c1500 Melusine (1895) 111 Be meke, humble, swete, curtoys & humayne, both vnto grete & lesse.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 316/1 Humayne, courtoyse or belongyng to the nature of a man, humayn.
1548 W. Patten Exped. Scotl. sig. Aviv Euen dreaming [he] was moued with so pensyfe a regarde of his charge towarde his prince, and with so humain a thought toward all men els.
1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1270 As his martiall valour is humane [Fr. humaine; Gk. ϕιλάνθρωπον], so his humanitie is valorous.
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. ix. 387 The people are very humane, ingenious, eloquent and pleasant.
1677 tr. A.-N. Amelot de La Houssaie Hist. Govt. Venice ii. 159 If there be not often seen Noble Persons hanging by the heels betwixt the Pillars of St. Mark, 'tis not that they are grown more humane or compassionate, but they have found out new and more private ways.
1713 C. Cibber tr. P. Corneille in Cinna's Conspiracy ii. i. 14 But Julius, Gracious, Courteous, and Humane, Amidst the Senate saw himself assassin'd.
1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies II. lii. 260 He was very human, and sent the poor Seamen Presents.
a1774 Z. Pearce Serm. (1778) IV. xiv. 314 Christianity (the most compassionate and humane religion in the world).
1785 W. Cowper Task v. 469 That humane address And sweetness.
1788 P. Stockdale Ximenes ii. i. 25 Your conqueror, You find, is far humaner than your prince.
1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 152 The humane spirit of the British law, which supposes every man..innocent, till..proved..guilty.
1814 D. H. O'Brien Narr. Captiv. & Escape 79 The jailer here..was the most humane man in that situation I ever knew.
1857 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. I. viii. 480 The humane and enlightened measures of Henry IV.
1900 Times 1 Jan. 8/3 Grotius..was the first to befriend the non-combatant and to insist on war being humane as far as possible.
1958 K. D. Mellen Island Kingdom Passes xviii. 168 The lepers had been treated in a humane manner only since Gibson became president of the Board of Health.
2000 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 5 Oct. 31/1 Myrer wants to contrast Damon's honorable, humane pragmatism with the anti-Semitic, racist, and fascistic attitudes of Massengale.
b. Designed or calculated to inflict minimal pain. Cf. humane killer n. at Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > killing > killing of animals > [adjective] > means of killing cattle
humane1904
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > [adjective] > quality of, generally
starkOE
stiffc1250
sterna1400
vengeablec1400
unwieldya1547
vengefula1586
mistempered1597
maiden1598
lathen1843
humane1970
1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge xiii. 5 Mrs. Varden, regarding the Maypole as a sort of humane man-trap, or decoy for husbands.
1865 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 2nd Ser. 1 ii. 252 I prefer searing at about eight or ten weeks as a..more humane process than drawing... I have never lost a lamb from searing.
?1891 Proc. Amer. Soc. Microscopists 1890 12 14 Experiments made by myself..to inquire into the most humane method of executing criminals.
1904 Daily Chron. 24 May 5/3 The doctors style the bullets ‘humane’.
1933 Times 27 Sept. 12/1 Flap nets in the hands of a thoroughly qualified person were the most..humane way of catching birds.
1970 Guardian Weekly 15 Aug. 18 Beyond that lie the use of ecocidal weapons—herbicides in Vietnam—and ‘humane incapacitants’.
2006 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 1 Oct. i. 16/2 Using a humane trap loaded with fish cat food, Palfalvi caught three of them [sc. kittens] and helped find homes for each.
2. Designating those texts or branches of study which concern humanity, or which (historically) have been regarded as exercising a civilizing influence on the student or reader; esp. designating classical grammar, rhetoric, or literature. Also occasionally more generally: elegant, polite. Cf. humanity n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > [adjective] > specific types of literature > ancient classical
humane1552
classical1691
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > elegance > [adjective]
fairOE
facundc1381
rhetorian?c1400
facundious1430
rhetoricalc1450
elegantc1475
rhetorial1521
concinnate1548
humane1552
concinne1569
Attic1633
compt1633
concinnated1868
stylish1892
Atticistic1919
1552 J. Caius Bk. against Sweatyng Sicknesse f. 6 I endeuoured my selfe..to declare vpon theim the profite of my studie in ciuile and humane learnynge.
1587 Edinb. Test. XVII. f. 242v His haill buikis..quhairof he leiffis..the humane buikis to his secund sonne.
1633 W. Prynne Histrio-mastix i. vi. v. 448 Aristotle, the Oracle of all humane literature, excludes these Stage-playes out of his Republicke; debarring youthes and children from them, as being apt to poyson both their mindes and manners.
1677 J. Hanmer Αρχαιοσκοπια 356 Being..of a sharp and piercing judgment; which he cultured and improved by the study of the Liberal Arts, and other Humane Learning.
1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses I. 269 Edward Grant..the most noted Latinist and Grecian of his time. He was well skill'd in all kind of humane literature.
1701 tr. J. Le Clerc Lives Primitive Fathers 174 To learn Humane Learning; that is to say, to understand the Greek Poets and Orators, and to write well in that Tongue.
1717 Boston News-let. 17 Dec. 2/2 Considering his Superiour Genius,..his great acquisition in humane Learning and Knowledge, his Conversation among Men.
1824 T. L. Beddoes Let. 6 Dec. in Wks. (1935) 593 Lost to all German and all humane learning, o'erhusked with sweet dozing sloth.
1877 J. A. Symonds Reviv. Learning in Renaissance in Italy ii. 71 (note) The word Humanism has a German sound, and is in fact modern. Yet the generic phrase umanità for humanistic culture, and the name umanista for a professor of humane studies, are both pure Italian.
1964 A. Richardson Hist. Sacred & Profane i. 36 The Church in the seventeenth century became a patron of scholarship, upholding the Laudian ideal of a learned clergy and championing humane studies against the attacks of the Puritans.
2002 Renaissance Q. 55 1005 The humane disciplines of grammar, letters, poetry, history, rhetoric, and moral philosophy..became the intellectual heritage of the educated elite of western Europe.

Compounds

humane killer n. an instrument for the painless slaughter or destruction of animals.
ΚΠ
1896 Newport (Rhode Island) Mercury 20 June There is in Nice, France, a society for the prevention of cruelty to animals, that has introduced there for slaughter house use a new invention called ‘Greener's humane cattle killer’.]
1900 Times 30 May 14/1 An experiment was made a few months back with an instrument know as the ‘Humane Killer’ which consisted of a rifled barrel..which was discharged by being struck with a mallet by the operator.
1920 Act 10 & 11 George V c. 43 §(8) (h) Any..butcher..having in his possession..any humane killer for the purpose of such business.
1984 B. MacLaverty Cal (new ed.) 8 The humane killer cracked again and Cal saw the killing pen tip over and tumble a beast on to the floor, its legs stiff to the ceiling.
2002 T. Cadden Good Form xiii. 106 The other alternative is to have your horse shot. This is generally done with a humane killer, a captive bolt—not a rifle shot at long range with a telescopic sight.
Humane Society n. (also with lower-case initials) (a) (the name of) any of various organizations promoting the saving of human lives, and (in early use) esp. the revival of drowning persons through resuscitation; (b) (chiefly North American) (the name of) any of various organizations devoted to the prevention of cruelty to animals.The organization founded in London in 1774 as the ‘Society for the Recovery of Persons Apparently Drowned’ was renamed the ‘Humane Society’ in 1776; it has been known as the Royal Humane Society since 1787, although it was not formally granted a royal charter until 1958.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > rescue or deliverance > [noun] > one who rescues or delivers > from drowning > society or organization
Humane Society1776
1776 Minutes Soc. Recov. Persons app. drowned 8 May That this Society in future be distinguished by the name of ‘The Humane Society’.
1834 T. Medwin Angler in Wales I. 219 The men of the Humane Society..came hurrying, with their apparatus for resuscitation.
1896 V. Hunt in Cosmopolis Sept. 617 I chose the darkest place, farthest from the Humane Society's drags.
1931 H. B. Weiss & G. M. Ziegler Thomas Say i. 23 The signs of the Humane Society were familiar along the waterfront as late as 1840 or 1850.
1970 P. Berton National Dream iv. iii. 165 How worried would be any member of the Humane society, could he see the treatment animals in a Pack Train receive.
1992 Scotsman 16 Apr. 14/8 Mathew Abbott received the Royal Humane Society Testimonial on Parchment & Resuscitation Certificate.
2006 New Yorker 9 Jan. 62/2 A dozen determined, don't-joke-about-it dog-rescuers from the Humane Society.
humane letters n. [after French lettres humaines (16th cent. in Middle French as letres humaines ) and its model post-classical Latin litterae humaniores literae humaniores n.] = the humanities at humanity n. 2.
ΚΠ
1610 E. Bolton Elements of Armories sig. A3 Generous, and learned Reader (for to such onely doth this part of humane letters [sc. Heraldry] appertaine).
1746 J. Upton Crit. Observ. Shakespeare i. iv. 28 The more liberal sciences and humane letters, are not the natural growth of these Gothic and northern regions.
1793 Beawes's Civil Hist. Spain & Portugal I. 367 Paulus Manucius (the Person so distinguished in the Study and Knowledge of humane Letters) said of himself, that, compared with others, he was something in Literature, but nothing in Comparison with Antonius Augustinus.
1843 E. Bulwer-Lytton Last of Barons II. iv. v. 66 Thou art acquainted, doubtless..with the Humaner Letters?
1891 Internat. Jrnl. Ethics 1 395 Literary prejudices which caused classical models to be regarded as the only humane letters.
1905 Eng. Hist. Rev. 20 341 To most of Dr. Sandys's readers it will be news how long humane letters held their own at Orleans and Poitiers.
1981 J. Cheever Jrnls. (1991) 371 The faculty and student body have enthusiastically chosen me to receive an honorary doctorate in humane letters.
2003 Jrnl. Mil. Hist. 67 895 Oppenheimer..comfortably dwelled in the intertwined American and international worlds of physics and humane letters.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.c1500
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