hulln.1
/hʌl/, U.S. /həl/ 1.
a. The shell, pod, or husk of peas and beans; the outer covering or rind of any fruit or seed.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > seed > seed-vessel or pericarp > [noun] > pod, husk, or siliqua
shalec825
hullc1000
codOE
hud1398
hulk1398
pod1553
shell1561
shuck1674
orme1688
siliqua1704
kida1722
hose-husk1728
silicula1760
silicle1785
silique1785
silicule1793
α.
β. c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. II. 69 Þis sone coveitide to fille his beli wiþ þese holes.1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Bodl.) xvii. lxxx Some greyne and sede..is ingendred in coddes and holes as it fareþ in benes.c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 242/2 Hoole, or huske (S. hole, P. holl), siliqua.1724 A. Ramsay Tea-table Misc. (1733) I. 115 Ilk kind of corn it has it's hool.1899 N.E.D. at Hull Mod. Sc. Pea-huils, bean-huils, grosel huils.c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 127/38 Culliola, hnutehula.
c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. II. 71 Man coveitiþ to be fild wiþ þes hulis [v.r. holis].
1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) xvii. lxiv Beenys ete wyth the hullys [Bodl. MS. holes] ben harde to defye, but..whan the hull is awaye it clensyth.
1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) xvii. cxii. 675 Oyle is the Juys of beryes of oliue..And the more slyly that it comyth oute of the hylles: the better it is.
1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health x. 32 Take..Jorden almondes, and beate them in a morter with the hulles and all on.
1693 T. Urquhart & P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 3rd Bk. Wks. xviii. 145 The Bean is not seen till..its swad or hull be shaled.
1847 O. A. Brownson Two Brothers in Wks. VI. 327 The mere hull without the kernel.
1853 C. Morfit Art of Tanning, Currying, & Leather-dressing (new ed.) 75 The horse-chestnut. The hulls, as well as the young fruit, also contain tannin.
b. collectively. The cuticle of grain; bran.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > corn, cereals, or grain > bran > [noun]
sivedsc725
boltingsa1300
branc1325
paly1407
hullc1450
cribble bread1552
cheesyl1577
clat1595
seeds1595
chisel1607
hulkage1869
c1450 Two Cookery-bks. 105 Take w[h]ete, and bray it in a morter, that al þe hole holl be awey.
1798 Trans. Soc. Arts 16 206 I take all the hull or bran out of the flour.
2.
a. The core of an apple.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > apple > core
hull1883
1883 E. C. Rollins New Eng. Bygones (new ed.) 180 Others [apples], mild and fine-grained, were relishable close up to the hulls.
b. The encompassing calyx of certain fruits.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > calyx
husk1530
impalement1672
perianthium1687
foot husk1688
calyx1693
coffin1727
vase1728
flower-cup1756
perianth1785
calyx-segment1870
hull1883
1883 Evangelical Mag. Oct. 461 We miss the hollow, thimble-like cavity which is seen on turning a raspberry upside-down after pulling it from its ‘hull’.
3.
a. transferred and figurative. Something that encases or encloses; a covering, envelope; (in various spec. uses, as) the case of a chrysalis; plural clothes, garments; the outer case of a carton in which a manufactured article is packed.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > [noun]
clothesc888
hattersOE
shroudc1000
weedOE
shrouda1122
clothc1175
hatteringa1200
atourc1220
back-clout?c1225
habit?c1225
clothingc1275
cleadinga1300
dubbinga1300
shroudinga1300
attirec1300
coverturec1300
suitc1325
apparel1330
buskingc1330
farec1330
harness1340
tire1340
backs1341
geara1350
apparelmentc1374
attiringa1375
vesturec1385
heelinga1387
vestmentc1386
arraya1400
graitha1400
livery1399
tirementa1400
warnementa1400
arrayment1400
parelc1400
werlec1400
raiment?a1425
robinga1450
rayc1450
implements1454
willokc1460
habiliment1470
emparelc1475
atourement1481
indumenta1513
reparel1521
wearing gear1542
revesture1548
claesc1550
case1559
attirement1566
furniture1566
investuring1566
apparelling1567
dud1567
hilback1573
wear1576
dress1586
enfolding1586
caparison1589
plight1590
address1592
ward-ware1598
garnish1600
investments1600
ditement1603
dressing1603
waith1603
thing1605
vestry1606
garb1608
outwall1608
accoutrementa1610
wearing apparel1617
coutrement1621
vestament1632
vestiment1637
equipage1645
cask1646
aguise1647
back-timbera1656
investiture1660
rigging1664
drapery1686
vest1694
plumage1707
bussingc1712
hull1718
paraphernalia1736
togs1779
body clothing1802
slough1808
toggery1812
traps1813
garniture1827
body-clothes1828
garmenture1832
costume1838
fig1839
outfit1840
vestiture1841
outer womana1845
outward man1846
vestiary1846
rag1855
drag1870
clo'1874
parapherna1876
clobber1879
threads1926
mocker1939
schmatte1959
vine1959
kit1989
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > wrapping > [noun] > encasing or sheathing > that which
hosea1450
enclosure1551
clausure1564
casement1594
hull1718
encasement1741
sheath1774
casing1839
casework1842
cleading1849
sheathing1859
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > eggs or young > [noun] > young or development of young > pupa or chrysalis > case or puparium
kexc1600
theca1665
ring-coffin1702
coffin1712
puparium1815
pupa case1826
hull1878
α.
β. 1718 A. Ramsay Christ's-kirk on Green iii. 28 I'se rive frae aff ye'r Hips the Hool.1899 N.E.D. at Hull Mod. Sc. (Mother undressing child) Now, out o' your huils!1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus i. ix. 20/2 What hadst thou been without thy blankets, and bibs, and other nameless hulls?
1845 T. Carlyle in O. Cromwell Lett. & Speeches II. 378 No hulls, leathern or other, can entirely hide it.
1850 T. Carlyle Latter-day Pamphlets iii. 24 They, across such hulls of abject ignorance, have seen into the heart of the matter.
1878 R. W. Emerson Sov. Ethics in N. Amer. Rev. 126 405 The poor grub..casts its filthy hull, expands into a beautiful form with rainbow wings.
1932 Daily Tel. 8 Sept. 14 These are carton ‘hulls’ of the five brands concerned.
b. The encompassing membrane of the heart; the pericardium.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > vascular system > heart > [noun] > membranes of
coffer of the heart1398
pericardium?a1425
precordium?1541
closet of the heart1594
hulla1600
heart-purse1615
heart-bag1668
heart sac1828
epicardium1860
endocardium1872
a1600 A. Montgomerie Misc. Poems xxviii. 18 Hope micht..fray ane hairt..out of his huill.
1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd v. i My heart out of its hool was like to loup.
1786 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 162 Poor Leezie's heart maist lap the hool.
4. † a. A hut or hovel. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > hut or hovel > [noun]
hulka1000
boothc1200
hull?c1225
lodge1290
hottea1325
holetc1380
tavern1382
scalea1400
schura1400
tugury1412
donjon?a1439
cabinc1440
coshc1490
cabinet1579
bully1598
crib1600
shed1600
hut1637
hovela1640
boorachc1660
barrack1686
bothy1750
corf1770
rancho1819
shanty1820
kraal1832
shelty1834
shackle1835
mia-mia1837
wickiup1838
caboose1839
chantier1849
hangar1852
caban1866
shebang1867
humpy1873
shack1878
hale1885
bach1927
jhuggi1927
favela1961
hokkie1973
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 80 Lesewe þine tichenes bi heordemonne hulen of ris & of leaues.
b. A sty or pen for animals. Cf. hulk n.1 1. northern dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal enclosure or house general > [noun] > enclosure > fold or pen
folda700
lockeOE
pen1227
foldingc1440
pend1542
cub1548
hull1570
corral1582
boolya1599
ree1674
crew1681
reeve1720
stell1766
pound1779
kraal1796
fank1812
poundage1866
forcing-yard1890
1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Piii/1 An Hul for hogs, porcile.
1637 in S. O. Addy Gloss. Words Sheffield (at cited word) Tho. Hartley holdeth a cottage at will and a swine hull next the Church lane.
a1804 J. Mather Songs (1862) xxx. 42 (Sheffield Gloss.) Two steps there go up to his hull.
1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Hull, a place in which fowls, etc. are confined for the purpose of fattening.
1888 S. O. Addy Gloss. Words Sheffield (at cited word) Pig-hull, rabbit-hull.
5. ‘The house or building of a grinding wheel’ ( Sheffield Gloss.).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > workplace > place where specific jobs are done > [noun] > grinding
grinding-wheel1791
hull1831
grindery1884
1831 J. Holland Treat. Manuf. Metal I. 289 Internally the building is divided into hulls, and these into troughs.
1884 Harper's Mag. June 75/1 In the dust of a ‘hull’ of grinding ‘troughs’.
1885 St. James's Gaz. 2 Jan. 6/1 Many protective ‘hulls’ are necessary to this handicraft.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
hulln.2
/hʌl/, U.S. /həl/ 1. † b. A dismantled vessel; = hulk n.2 3. Obsolete.
a. The body or frame of a ship, apart from the masts, sails, and rigging. Also of an airship, flying boat, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > [noun]
bulka1450
bodyc1550
hull?a1560
hulk1632
?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. xxi. sig. G j Till suche time as ye can see the shippe, or rather the very hull next to the water.
1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. ii. 4 By the hull is meant, the full bulke or body of a ship without masts or any rigging from the stem to the sterne.
1676 tr. G. Guillet de Saint-Georges Acct. Voy. Athens 14 We discovered by her Hull she was a Christian Frigot.
1753 T. Woodroofe in J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea I. xvii. 115 The russian government build hulls after the dutch manner fit for shoal water.
1869 E. J. Reed Our Iron-clad Ships ii. 24 Modes of..disposing the armour upon the hulls of our iron-clad ships.
1918 Aviation & Aeronaut. Engin. 15 Mar. 231/1 A hull for flying boats having its elevational aspect determined by lines rounding off rearwardly.
1923 Gloss. Aeronaut. Terms (B.S.I.) iv. 35 Hull, the main flotation body of a boat sea plane.
1923 R. Glazebrook Dict. Appl. Physics V. 128/2 The curves may be taken as representing the type of distribution which had been found for models of airship hulls.
1936 Punch 9 Dec. 646/1 To Chloe, an ‘Air Stewardess’. My Chloe rides the heavens in a roaring silver hull, She serves up morning coffee over Basle and Istanbul.
1950 Gloss. Aeronaut. Terms (B.S.I.) i. 37 Hull, the main structural and flotation body of a flying boat or boat amphibian.
1951 Oxf. Junior Encycl. IV. 396/2 The hull of a flying boat has a planing bottom like a speedboat.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > [noun] > old or useless vessel
hull1582
coffin1833
ballyhoo1836
old lady1841
rack-heap1850
wreck1896
crock1903
rust bucket1944
1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias lxxv. 154 A certaine ship..Afterward that he had taken the spoyle of the same, hee lefte the Hull in keepinge.
1666 London Gaz. No. 59/3 We saw the Admiral made a Hull, and three of the Enemy were fired.
2. Phrases.
a. to lie at (†a, on, to) hull (cf. ahull adv.): = hull v.2 1. Also to lie hull, try a hull, strike (a) hull, in kindred sense.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of sails, spars, or rigging > support (an amount of) sail [verb (intransitive)] > lie a-hull
to lie at (a, on, to) hull1582
hull1589
strike (a) hull1728
to lie hull1828
1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias xxix. 73 All this time the shippes laye a hull.
1589 Voy. W. Towrson in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations i. 98 We lay at hull about an hour after.
1597 J. Payne Royall Exchange 33 The ship on hull, the helme on lee.
1635 in M. Christy Voy. L. Foxe & T. James (1894) I. 181 He strooke sayle and lay to hulle.
a1661 W. Brereton Trav. (1844) 12 In stormy weather they take down their masts, and fish, the vessel lying at hull.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) To strike a Hull..is to lie closely or obscurely in the Sea in a Storm.
1773 Life N. Frowde 122 Let the Ship drive with the Tempest, and at length, to try a Hull.
1828 Moore's Pract. Navigator (ed. 20) 184 When she lies hull, that is, with all her sails furled.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. (at cited word) To strike hull in a storm, is to take in her sails and lash the helm on the lee side of the ship, which is termed to lie a-hull.
b. hull down: so far away that the hull is invisible, being below the horizon; also attributive and figurative. Used also of a tank (see quot. 19482). So hull out: with the hull above the horizon.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [phrase] > with hull below or above horizon
hull out1775
1775 in Philos. Trans. 1778 (Royal Soc.) (1779) 68 395 The vessel was hull down when they came aboard.
1804 Naval Chron. 12 318 As soon as she was hull out I made sail.
1839 T. Beale Nat. Hist. Sperm Whale 283 Exclaimed, ‘She is hull down’, meaning that..the convexity of the sea between us and the ship was greater than the height of the body of the vessel.
1883 R. L. Stevenson Silverado Squatters 180 They were hull-down for us behind life's ocean, and we but hailed their topsails on the line.
1899 Westm. Gaz. 29 Nov. 1/3 He shook his fist at the hull-down coasting schooner.
1905 J. C. Lincoln Partners of Tide xiv. 264 You've got me beat, hull down.
1933 ‘L. Luard’ All Hands 132 We was goin' to see our Mary [Pickford]. Don't alf 'old with 'er. She's got the rest of 'em 'ull down.
1944 Return to Attack (Army Board, N.Z.) 18/1 Using the slight undulations of the desert to get hull down and so present the smallest target, they manœuvred for position.
1948 C. Day Lewis Poems 1943–7 29 Alas, hull-down upon hope's ashen verge Hastens the vessel that our joined hands launched.
1948 E. Partridge et al. Dict. Forces' Slang 96 Hull down, a position for tanks and self-propelled guns where only the turret was visible, the rest being protected by a bank or fold in the ground.
1953 C. Day Lewis Ital. Visit iv. 51 A cloud vibrating In the wash of the hull~down sun.
1960 C. S. Lewis Stud. in Words iv. 105 But ten years later he and Cowley are leagues apart, each ‘hull down’ to the other.
c. hull-to = ahull adv.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of sails, spars, or rigging > [adverb] > with sails furled and helm lashed
ahull1578
hull-to1744
1744 London Mag. 142 Some of the Weathermost Ships were, at Night, Hull-to.
1794 D. Steel Elements & Pract. Rigging & Seamanship II. 252* Hull-to, the situation of a ship when she lies with all her sails furled; as in trying.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
† hulln.3
Obsolete.
Holly.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > berry-bush or -tree > [noun] > holly bush
hollinc725
hollyc1150
holmc1405
hulverc1430
holm-treec1450
hull1557
ilex1565
evergreen oak1629
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > cultivated or ornamental trees and shrubs > [noun] > holly
hollinc725
hollyc1150
holmc1405
hulverc1430
holm-treec1450
hull1557
Christmas1706
wren-bush1901
1557 T. Tusser Hundreth Good Pointes Husbandrie sig. B.iiv Get Iuye and hull, woman deck vp thyne house.
1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 20v To plots not full, add bremble & hull.
1586 W. Webbe Disc. Eng. Poetrie sig. H.ij v Oft did a left hand crow foretell these thinges in her hull tree.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
hullv.1
/hʌl/, U.S. /həl/ a. transitive. To remove the hull, shell, or husk of; to strip of the outer covering.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > uncovering > uncover or remove covering from [verb (transitive)] > strip or make bare > strip of outer layer > strip of skin, husk, or bark
bipilc1230
unrinda1382
slipe?c1390
hull1398
pill1440
husk1562
flay1574
unhusk1598
decorticate1611
depilate1620
rind1623
excorticate1657
disbark1659
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Bodl.) xvii. lxvii Pollenta is corne isode ipeled and holed [1495 hullyd] and ischeled wiþ frotinge of handes.
c1430 Two Cookery-bks. 33 Take Whyte Pesyn, and hoole hem in þe maner as men don Caboges.
?1543 T. Phaer tr. J. Goeurot Regiment of Lyfe iii. f. xxvv To eate barly hulled.
1639 J. Woodall Treat. Plague in Surgeons Mate (rev. ed.) 346 Take..good Bayberries, hulled well.
1662 H. Stubbe Indian Nectar ii. 14 They cannot afford to pick or hull their nuts.
1781–5 J. Latham Gen. Synopsis Birds I. 310 (T.) The male will hull the seeds for his consort with his bill.
1880 Jamieson's Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (new ed.) at Hule To hule peas.
1890 Spectator 1 Nov. Two contrivances, one for irrigating, the other for hulling rice.
b. transferred. †(a) To shed (teeth). (b) To pick (fruit) from the encompassing calyx.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > mouth > tooth or teeth > [verb (transitive)] > shed (tooth or teeth)
shalea1697
hull1708
shed1732
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > preparing fruit and vegetables > prepare fruit and vegetables [verb (transitive)] > remove stalks or foliage
string1747
stem1873
hull1884
strig1887
stalk1902
1708 London Gaz. No. 4442/4 A yellow Dun Stone-horse..now hulling his Teeth.
1884 E. P. Roe Nature's Serial Story viii He brought the strawberries to Amy..and stood near while she..hulled them.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [verb (intransitive)] > lose the husks
hullc1430
c1430 Two Cookery-bks. 7 Take whete..an stampe with a pestel tyl it hole.
Derivatives
hulling n. also in combinations in hulling-machine, hulling-mill.
ΚΠ
1888 F. Kick Flour Manuf. 70 The rice is left in the hulling mill as long as necessary.
1929 H. A. A. Nicholls & J. H. Holland Text-bk. Trop. Agric. (ed. 2) ii. ii. 139 There are hulling machines capable of dealing efficiently with dry-berry and parchment coffee.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
hullv.2
/hʌl/, U.S. /həl/ a. intransitive. Nautical. Of a ship: To float or be driven by the force of the wind or current on the hull alone; to drift to the wind with sails furled; to lie a-hull. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of sails, spars, or rigging > support (an amount of) sail [verb (intransitive)] > lie a-hull
to lie at (a, on, to) hull1582
hull1589
strike (a) hull1728
to lie hull1828
1589 Voy. W. Towrson in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations i. 130 We lost..our maine saile, foresaile, and spreetsaile, & were forced to lye a hulling.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iv. iv. 369 There they hull, expecting but the aide, Of Buckingham, to welcome them a shore. View more context for this quotation
1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. ix. 40 If that split..then hull, which is to beare no saile.
1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. ix. 40 They call it hulling also in a calme swelling Sea, which is commonly before a storme, when they strike their sailes lest she should beat them in peeces against the mast by Rowling.
1687 B. Randolph Present State Archipel. 100 We were forced to..hull (lye with our head to the wind without any saile).
1708 P. A. Motteux Wks. F. Rabelais (1737) iv. xxi. 92 What a devilish Sea there Runs? She'll neither try, nor hull.
ΚΠ
1600 B. Jonson Every Man out of his Humor iii. i. sig. Hiiv He may hul vp and down i' the Humorous world a litle longer.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. ix. viii. 239 The fish..hulled too and fro with the waves, as if it had beene halfe dead.
2. transitive. To strike (a ship) in the hull with cannon shot.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > operations or manoeuvres > perform operation or manoeuvre [verb (transitive)] > strike with cannon shot
hull1726
1726 G. Shelvocke Voy. round World vi. 195 We had not a man kill'd or wounded, although the enemy often hull'd us.
1776 W. Heath in J. Sparks Corr. Amer. Revol. (1853) I. 277 The Phœnix was thrice hulled by our shot.
1894 W. C. Russell Good Ship Mohock II. 128 I did not know but that the Mohock had been hulled and was sinking.
1898 Westm. Gaz. 23 May 6/3 The Spaniards say that the hulling of the vessel was accidental.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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