hurrahhurrayv.

Etymology: < hurrah int.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: huˈrrah.

1. intransitive. To shout ‘hurrah!’

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pleasure > joy, gladness, or delight > rejoicing or exultation > rejoice or exult [verb (intransitive)] > make sounds of rejoicing or exultation > shout for joy or cheer

acclaim1652

hurrah1798

cheer1804

1798 Beresford in Ld. Auckland's Corr. (1862) III. 443 Lord Edward heard the noise and the mob hurraying.

1863 A. W. Kinglake Invasion of Crimea II. xvi. 446 The Grenadiers were hurrahing on their left.

1883 W. Besant All in Garden Fair ii. i The people would crowd to look upon him and to hooray.

2. transitive. To receive or encourage with shouts of ‘hurrah!’; to ‘cheer’, as at a public gathering.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pleasure > joy, gladness, or delight > rejoicing or exultation > rejoice over or at [verb (transitive)] > cheer

cheer1827

hurrah1832

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > applause > applaud [verb (transitive)] > by shouting

huzza1688

shout1706

hip1818

cheer1827

beshout1828

bravo1831

hurrah1832

jolly1891

hoch1909

1832 J. W. Croker in Diary 12 May (1884) He had been hurrahed by the mob.

1856 C. J. Lever Martins of Cro' Martin 592 He stood upon an old wall, and hurrahed the people on.

Derivatives

huˈrrahing n. and adj. (also huˈrraying)

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pleasure > joy, gladness, or delight > rejoicing or exultation > [noun] > jubilation or loud rejoicing > cheering or shouting hurrah

huzzaing1708

hurrahing1813

the mind > emotion > pleasure > joy, gladness, or delight > rejoicing or exultation > [adjective] > jubilating or rejoicing loudly > cheering or shouting hurrah

hurrahing1813

hurrah1835

rahing1904

locomotive1906

1813 L. Hunt in Examiner 26 Apr. 257/2 Such a man is..fond of hurrayings and shoutings.

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. vi. iv. 387 Through hurrahing streets.

1878 H. Smart Play or Pay (ed. 3) xi. 241 If there is no hurrahing, there is much jubilation.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

hurrahhurrayint.n.

/hʊˈrɑː/

/həˈrɑː/

/hʊˈreɪ/

/həˈreɪ/

Forms: Also 1600s– hurra, 1700s hurrea, whurra, 1800s hooray, ( hooroar), hourra.

Etymology: A later substitute for huzza int. and n. (not in Johnson, Ash, Walker; in Todd 1818), perhaps merely due to onomatopoeic modification, but possibly influenced by some foreign shouts: compare Swedish, Danish, Low German hurra!, Dutch hoera!, Russian ura! whence French houra; French hourra is from English. Middle High German had hurr, hurrâ, as interjections representing rapid whirring motion (compare hurren to rush), whence also a shout used in chasing. According to Moriz Heyne in Grimm, hurrah was the battle-cry of the Prussian soldiers in the War of Liberation (1812–13), and has since been a favourite cry of soldiers and sailors, and of exultation. In English the form hurrah is literary and dignified; hooray is usual in popular acclamation.

A. int.

A shout expressive of approbation, encouragement, or exultation; used esp. as a ‘cheer’ at public assemblies or the like.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > [interjection] > expression of triumph

ahaa1400

victory1595

victoria1639

huzza1682

hurrah1716

the mind > emotion > pleasure > joy, gladness, or delight > rejoicing or exultation > shout of rejoicing or exultation [interjection]

ahaa1400

Io1592

hurrah1716

holla1735

holla ho!1871

Geronimo1942

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > applause > [interjection] > specific shout of applause

vivat1663

huzza1682

hey for1689

ancora1712

hurrah1716

bravo1761

hip1811

viva1842

rah1871

olé1914

brava1943

kaiso1947

yay1963

1716 J. Addison Drummer v. 58 Coach. The same good Man that ever he was! Gard. Whurra!

1773 O. Goldsmith She stoops to Conquer i. 10 Hurrea, hurrea, bravo.

1845 H. B. Hirst Coming of Mammoth 89 Hurrah for brown Autumn! hurrah! hurrah!

1855 W. M. Thackeray Rose & Ring xiv Captain Hedzoff flung up his helmet, and cried, ‘Hurray! Hurray! Long live King Giglio!’

1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iii. xi. 99 ‘Hooroar!’ cried the man.

1888 J. Payn Myst. Mirbridge I. xxii There goes the gong..Hooray!

B. n.

1. A name for this shout.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > applause > [noun] > shouted applause > specific

huzza1573

hurrah1686

brava1803

vivat1821

bravo1844

hoch1867

rah1870

evviva1887

the mind > emotion > pleasure > joy, gladness, or delight > rejoicing or exultation > [noun] > jubilation or loud rejoicing > cheering or shouting hurrah > a cheer or shout > specific

hurrah1686

1686 J. Dunton Lett. from New Eng. (1867) 301 Our Capt. ordered all his Guns to fire; at which they all of them (which were about twenty) fil'd the very Heavens with Hurras and Shouts.

1694 in A. Wood Life & Times 1 Nov. (1894) III. 472 The prisoners in Lancashire are discharg'd..a great hurray followed.

1813 W. Scott Bridal of Triermain iii. xxiii. 167 Wild jubilee and loud hurra Pursued him on his venturous way.

1841 T. B. Macaulay Warren Hastings in Edinb. Rev. Oct. 173 An European warrior who rushes on a battery of cannon with a loud hurrah.

1870 R. W. Emerson Society & Solitude 232 They can do the hurras, the placarding, the flags,—and the voting, if it is a fair day.

2. Representing French houra, Russian urá: The shout of attack of the Cossacks; whence, by extension, an attack.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > attack > [noun]

fiend-reseOE

frumresec1275

assault1297

sault1297

inracea1300

sailing13..

venuea1330

checkc1330

braid1340

affrayc1380

outrunningc1384

resinga1387

wara1387

riota1393

assailc1400

assayc1400

onset1423

rake?a1425

pursuitc1425

assemblinga1450

brunta1450

oncominga1450

assembly1487

envaya1500

oncomea1500

shovea1500

front1523

scry1523

attemptate1524

assaulting1548

push1565

brash1573

attempt1584

affront?1587

pulse1587

affret1590

saliaunce1590

invasion1591

assailment1592

insultation1596

aggressa1611

onslaught1613

source1616

confronta1626

impulsion1631

tentative1632

essaya1641

infall1645

attack1655

stroke1698

insult1710

coup de main1759

onfall1837

hurrah1841

beat-up of quarters1870

offensive1887

strafe1915

grand slam1916

hop-over1918

run1941

strike1942

society > armed hostility > armed encounter > [noun] > battle or a battle > battle-cry or slogan

descryc1450

ensign1487

escry1489

senyea1510

slogan1513

cry1548

larum1555

hubbaboo1596

field wordc1625

celeusma1680

tecbir1708

war-whoop1739

war cry1748

scalp yell1792

banner-cry1810

battle-cry1815

battle-word1815

hurrah1841

rebel yell1862

on-cry1899

1827 W. Scott Life Napoleon V. xiii. 383 Platow, with his Cossacks, made a charge, or, in their phrase, a hourra, upon the French.

1827 W. Scott Life Napoleon VIII. v. 121 The enemy had made a hourra upon Marmont.]

1841 T. P. Thompson Exercises (1842) VI. 77 The best way they have of making a ‘hurra’ upon their enemies.

1841 T. P. Thompson Exercises (1842) VI. 375 I think we could get up such a ‘hurrah’ of water-borne Cossacks.

3. hurrah's nest: a confused or disorderly mass; a state of confusion or disorder. U.S.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > absence of arrangement > [noun] > a disorderly collection

rabblea1398

hotchpotc1405

hotchpotchc1410

mishmashc1475

gaggle?1478

chaos?1550

humble-jumble1550

huddle1587

wilderness1594

lurry1607

hatterc1626

farragoa1637

bumble1648

higgledy-piggledy1659

jumble1661

clutter1666

hugger-mugger1674

litter1730

imbroglio1753

confusion1791

cludder1801

hurrah's nest1829

hotter1834

welter1857

muddle1863

splatter1895

shamble1926

1829 H. W. Longfellow Jrnl. 31 Jan. in S. Longfellow Life H. W. Longfellow (1891) I. xi. 164 A queer-looking Dutchman, with a head like a ‘hurra's nest’.

1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast ii. 10 Everything was pitched about in grand confusion. There was a complete' hurrah's nest'.

1860 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 3) Hurra's Nest, a state of confusion. A woman's word.

1889 S. W. Mitchell in Cent. Mag. Aug. 503/1 The old lumberman pointed..to a ‘hurrah's nest’ (a mass of leaves left by a freshet in the crotch of the divergent branches of a bush) half-way up the slope—on it was coiled a large rattlesnake.

4. attributive or adj. in various slang or colloquial uses = shouting hurrah, uproarious, blindly enthusiastic; joyous, ‘glad’.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pleasure > merriment > [adjective]

blitheOE

merryOE

golikc1175

lustya1225

playfulc1225

jollyc1305

merrya1350

jocund?c1380

galliardc1386

in (also on) a (merry, etc.) pinc1395

mirthfula1400

baudec1400

gayc1400

jovy1426

jocantc1440

crank1499

envoisiesa1500

as merry as a cricket1509

pleasant1530

frolic?1548

jolious1575

gleeful1586

buxom1590

gleesome1590

festival1592

laughter-loving1592

disposed1593

jucund1596

heartsomec1600

jovial1607

jovialist1610

laughsome1612

jocundary1618

gaysome1633

chirpinga1637

jovialissime1652

airy1654

festivous1654

hilarous1659

spleneticala1661

cocket1671

cranny1673

high1695

vogie1715

raffing?1719

festal1724

as merry (or lively) as a grig1728

hearty1755

tittuping1772

festive1774

fun-loving1776

mirthsome1787

Falstaffian1809

cranky1811

laughful1825

as lively as a cricket1832

hurrah1835

hilarious1838

Bacchic1865

laughterful1874

griggish1879

banzai1929

slap-you-on-the-back1932

the mind > emotion > pleasure > joy, gladness, or delight > rejoicing or exultation > [adjective] > jubilating or rejoicing loudly > cheering or shouting hurrah

hurrahing1813

hurrah1835

rahing1904

locomotive1906

1835 Franklin Repository (Chambersburg, Pa.) 2 June 2/3 The New York delegation cared nothing for principles! To them..the men who could secure for the ticket and for Martin Van Buren the hurra boys was every thing!

1836 Congress. Globe 17 Feb. App. 115 [Some have declared] that his election had been brought about by the ‘hurrah boys’, and those who knew just enough to shout ‘hurrah for Jackson!’

1903 N.Y. Evening Post 30 Oct. 16 Added to this solid element is the hurrah crowd whose enthusiasm has a venal tone.

1907 N. Munro Daft Days xii. 102 ‘And what are you doing with your hurrah clothes on?’ ‘I like to put on my Sunday clothes when I'm writing Charles.’

1909 Daily Chron. 20 July 1/2 ‘Hurrah-boats’, as the bluejacket aptly calls excursion steamers.

1925 E. Fraser & J. Gibbons Soldier & Sailor Words 124 Hurrah boats, a Navy term for the pleasure steamers of touring trippers that go round the Fleet at Naval Reviews, usually cheering as they pass ships.

1926 Flynn's 16 Jan. 640/1 I had many a pal among th' touts and hurrah boys.

1928 Daily Express 4 Dec. 10/3 ‘Hurrah boys’ are college students.

1964 N. Freeling Double-barrel v. 176 We seem to have got quite a hurrah letter from the burgomaster. And there was a hint that I may be promoted.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

单词	hurrah
释义	hurrahhurrayv. Etymology: < hurrah int.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: huˈrrah. 1. intransitive. To shout ‘hurrah!’ ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > joy, gladness, or delight > rejoicing or exultation > rejoice or exult [verb (intransitive)] > make sounds of rejoicing or exultation > shout for joy or cheer acclaim1652 hurrah1798 cheer1804 1798 Beresford in Ld. Auckland's Corr. (1862) III. 443 Lord Edward heard the noise and the mob hurraying. 1863 A. W. Kinglake Invasion of Crimea II. xvi. 446 The Grenadiers were hurrahing on their left. 1883 W. Besant All in Garden Fair ii. i The people would crowd to look upon him and to hooray. 2. transitive. To receive or encourage with shouts of ‘hurrah!’; to ‘cheer’, as at a public gathering. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > joy, gladness, or delight > rejoicing or exultation > rejoice over or at [verb (transitive)] > cheer cheer1827 hurrah1832 the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > applause > applaud [verb (transitive)] > by shouting huzza1688 shout1706 hip1818 cheer1827 beshout1828 bravo1831 hurrah1832 jolly1891 hoch1909 1832 J. W. Croker in Diary 12 May (1884) He had been hurrahed by the mob. 1856 C. J. Lever Martins of Cro' Martin 592 He stood upon an old wall, and hurrahed the people on. Derivatives huˈrrahing n. and adj. (also huˈrraying) ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > joy, gladness, or delight > rejoicing or exultation > [noun] > jubilation or loud rejoicing > cheering or shouting hurrah huzzaing1708 hurrahing1813 the mind > emotion > pleasure > joy, gladness, or delight > rejoicing or exultation > [adjective] > jubilating or rejoicing loudly > cheering or shouting hurrah hurrahing1813 hurrah1835 rahing1904 locomotive1906 1813 L. Hunt in Examiner 26 Apr. 257/2 Such a man is..fond of hurrayings and shoutings. 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. vi. iv. 387 Through hurrahing streets. 1878 H. Smart Play or Pay (ed. 3) xi. 241 If there is no hurrahing, there is much jubilation. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online June 2022). hurrahhurrayint.n. /hʊˈrɑː//həˈrɑː/ /hʊˈreɪ//həˈreɪ/ Forms: Also 1600s– hurra, 1700s hurrea, whurra, 1800s hooray, ( hooroar), hourra. Etymology: A later substitute for huzza int. and n. (not in Johnson, Ash, Walker; in Todd 1818), perhaps merely due to onomatopoeic modification, but possibly influenced by some foreign shouts: compare Swedish, Danish, Low German hurra!, Dutch hoera!, Russian ura! whence French houra; French hourra is from English. Middle High German had hurr, hurrâ, as interjections representing rapid whirring motion (compare hurren to rush), whence also a shout used in chasing. According to Moriz Heyne in Grimm, hurrah was the battle-cry of the Prussian soldiers in the War of Liberation (1812–13), and has since been a favourite cry of soldiers and sailors, and of exultation. In English the form hurrah is literary and dignified; hooray is usual in popular acclamation. A. int. A shout expressive of approbation, encouragement, or exultation; used esp. as a ‘cheer’ at public assemblies or the like. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > [interjection] > expression of triumph ahaa1400 victory1595 victoria1639 huzza1682 hurrah1716 the mind > emotion > pleasure > joy, gladness, or delight > rejoicing or exultation > shout of rejoicing or exultation [interjection] ahaa1400 Io1592 hurrah1716 holla1735 holla ho!1871 Geronimo1942 the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > applause > [interjection] > specific shout of applause vivat1663 huzza1682 hey for1689 ancora1712 hurrah1716 bravo1761 hip1811 viva1842 rah1871 olé1914 brava1943 kaiso1947 yay1963 1716 J. Addison Drummer v. 58 Coach. The same good Man that ever he was! Gard. Whurra! 1773 O. Goldsmith She stoops to Conquer i. 10 Hurrea, hurrea, bravo. 1845 H. B. Hirst Coming of Mammoth 89 Hurrah for brown Autumn! hurrah! hurrah! 1855 W. M. Thackeray Rose & Ring xiv Captain Hedzoff flung up his helmet, and cried, ‘Hurray! Hurray! Long live King Giglio!’ 1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iii. xi. 99 ‘Hooroar!’ cried the man. 1888 J. Payn Myst. Mirbridge I. xxii There goes the gong..Hooray! B. n. 1. A name for this shout. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > applause > [noun] > shouted applause > specific huzza1573 hurrah1686 brava1803 vivat1821 bravo1844 hoch1867 rah1870 evviva1887 the mind > emotion > pleasure > joy, gladness, or delight > rejoicing or exultation > [noun] > jubilation or loud rejoicing > cheering or shouting hurrah > a cheer or shout > specific hurrah1686 1686 J. Dunton Lett. from New Eng. (1867) 301 Our Capt. ordered all his Guns to fire; at which they all of them (which were about twenty) fil'd the very Heavens with Hurras and Shouts. 1694 in A. Wood Life & Times 1 Nov. (1894) III. 472 The prisoners in Lancashire are discharg'd..a great hurray followed. 1813 W. Scott Bridal of Triermain iii. xxiii. 167 Wild jubilee and loud hurra Pursued him on his venturous way. 1841 T. B. Macaulay Warren Hastings in Edinb. Rev. Oct. 173 An European warrior who rushes on a battery of cannon with a loud hurrah. 1870 R. W. Emerson Society & Solitude 232 They can do the hurras, the placarding, the flags,—and the voting, if it is a fair day. 2. Representing French houra, Russian urá: The shout of attack of the Cossacks; whence, by extension, an attack. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > [noun] fiend-reseOE frumresec1275 assault1297 sault1297 inracea1300 sailing13.. venuea1330 checkc1330 braid1340 affrayc1380 outrunningc1384 resinga1387 wara1387 riota1393 assailc1400 assayc1400 onset1423 rake?a1425 pursuitc1425 assemblinga1450 brunta1450 oncominga1450 assembly1487 envaya1500 oncomea1500 shovea1500 front1523 scry1523 attemptate1524 assaulting1548 push1565 brash1573 attempt1584 affront?1587 pulse1587 affret1590 saliaunce1590 invasion1591 assailment1592 insultation1596 aggressa1611 onslaught1613 source1616 confronta1626 impulsion1631 tentative1632 essaya1641 infall1645 attack1655 stroke1698 insult1710 coup de main1759 onfall1837 hurrah1841 beat-up of quarters1870 offensive1887 strafe1915 grand slam1916 hop-over1918 run1941 strike1942 society > armed hostility > armed encounter > [noun] > battle or a battle > battle-cry or slogan descryc1450 ensign1487 escry1489 senyea1510 slogan1513 cry1548 larum1555 hubbaboo1596 field wordc1625 celeusma1680 tecbir1708 war-whoop1739 war cry1748 scalp yell1792 banner-cry1810 battle-cry1815 battle-word1815 hurrah1841 rebel yell1862 on-cry1899 1827 W. Scott Life Napoleon V. xiii. 383 Platow, with his Cossacks, made a charge, or, in their phrase, a hourra, upon the French. 1827 W. Scott Life Napoleon VIII. v. 121 The enemy had made a hourra upon Marmont.] 1841 T. P. Thompson Exercises (1842) VI. 77 The best way they have of making a ‘hurra’ upon their enemies. 1841 T. P. Thompson Exercises (1842) VI. 375 I think we could get up such a ‘hurrah’ of water-borne Cossacks. 3. hurrah's nest: a confused or disorderly mass; a state of confusion or disorder. U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > absence of arrangement > [noun] > a disorderly collection rabblea1398 hotchpotc1405 hotchpotchc1410 mishmashc1475 gaggle?1478 chaos?1550 humble-jumble1550 huddle1587 wilderness1594 lurry1607 hatterc1626 farragoa1637 bumble1648 higgledy-piggledy1659 jumble1661 clutter1666 hugger-mugger1674 litter1730 imbroglio1753 confusion1791 cludder1801 hurrah's nest1829 hotter1834 welter1857 muddle1863 splatter1895 shamble1926 1829 H. W. Longfellow Jrnl. 31 Jan. in S. Longfellow Life H. W. Longfellow (1891) I. xi. 164 A queer-looking Dutchman, with a head like a ‘hurra's nest’. 1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast ii. 10 Everything was pitched about in grand confusion. There was a complete' hurrah's nest'. 1860 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 3) Hurra's Nest, a state of confusion. A woman's word. 1889 S. W. Mitchell in Cent. Mag. Aug. 503/1 The old lumberman pointed..to a ‘hurrah's nest’ (a mass of leaves left by a freshet in the crotch of the divergent branches of a bush) half-way up the slope—on it was coiled a large rattlesnake. 4. attributive or adj. in various slang or colloquial uses = shouting hurrah, uproarious, blindly enthusiastic; joyous, ‘glad’. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > merriment > [adjective] blitheOE merryOE golikc1175 lustya1225 playfulc1225 jollyc1305 merrya1350 jocund?c1380 galliardc1386 in (also on) a (merry, etc.) pinc1395 mirthfula1400 baudec1400 gayc1400 jovy1426 jocantc1440 crank1499 envoisiesa1500 as merry as a cricket1509 pleasant1530 frolic?1548 jolious1575 gleeful1586 buxom1590 gleesome1590 festival1592 laughter-loving1592 disposed1593 jucund1596 heartsomec1600 jovial1607 jovialist1610 laughsome1612 jocundary1618 gaysome1633 chirpinga1637 jovialissime1652 airy1654 festivous1654 hilarous1659 spleneticala1661 cocket1671 cranny1673 high1695 vogie1715 raffing?1719 festal1724 as merry (or lively) as a grig1728 hearty1755 tittuping1772 festive1774 fun-loving1776 mirthsome1787 Falstaffian1809 cranky1811 laughful1825 as lively as a cricket1832 hurrah1835 hilarious1838 Bacchic1865 laughterful1874 griggish1879 banzai1929 slap-you-on-the-back1932 the mind > emotion > pleasure > joy, gladness, or delight > rejoicing or exultation > [adjective] > jubilating or rejoicing loudly > cheering or shouting hurrah hurrahing1813 hurrah1835 rahing1904 locomotive1906 1835 Franklin Repository (Chambersburg, Pa.) 2 June 2/3 The New York delegation cared nothing for principles! To them..the men who could secure for the ticket and for Martin Van Buren the hurra boys was every thing! 1836 Congress. Globe 17 Feb. App. 115 [Some have declared] that his election had been brought about by the ‘hurrah boys’, and those who knew just enough to shout ‘hurrah for Jackson!’ 1903 N.Y. Evening Post 30 Oct. 16 Added to this solid element is the hurrah crowd whose enthusiasm has a venal tone. 1907 N. Munro Daft Days xii. 102 ‘And what are you doing with your hurrah clothes on?’ ‘I like to put on my Sunday clothes when I'm writing Charles.’ 1909 Daily Chron. 20 July 1/2 ‘Hurrah-boats’, as the bluejacket aptly calls excursion steamers. 1925 E. Fraser & J. Gibbons Soldier & Sailor Words 124 Hurrah boats, a Navy term for the pleasure steamers of touring trippers that go round the Fleet at Naval Reviews, usually cheering as they pass ships. 1926 Flynn's 16 Jan. 640/1 I had many a pal among th' touts and hurrah boys. 1928 Daily Express 4 Dec. 10/3 ‘Hurrah boys’ are college students. 1964 N. Freeling Double-barrel v. 176 We seem to have got quite a hurrah letter from the burgomaster. And there was a hint that I may be promoted. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online September 2021). < v.1798int.n.1686
随便看	parameterizable parameterization parameterizations parameterize parameterized parameterizes parameterizing parameters parametral parametrial parametric parametric curve parametric downconversion parametric equalizer parametric equation parametrical parametrically parametrisation parametrisations parametrise parametrised parametrises parametrising parametritic parametritis