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单词 husk
释义

huskn.1

Brit. /hʌsk/, U.S. /həsk/
Etymology: Late Middle English huske, of uncertain origin. A common word since c1400, of which no earlier trace has been found. Conjectures have been offered of its relationship to German hülse, Dutch hulze, huls, which (notwithstanding the identity of sense) appear to be historically and phonetically untenable, and of its ultimate derivation < hús ‘house’, which is perhaps possible: compare for the form, chink, dalk, halk, holk, polk, stalk (and see Kluge, Stammbildung §61); for the sense, Low German hûske = German häuschen, ‘little house’, in East Frisian also ‘core (of an apple)’, ‘case’ (e.g. spectacle-case), ‘paper bag’; also Middle Dutch huuskijn, huusken, Dutch huisken, ‘little house’, core (of an apple); German gehäuse, ‘case, capsule’, etc. The connection of Norwegian husk ‘piece of leather used to enlarge a shoe-last’, is quite uncertain.
1.
a. The dry outer integument of certain fruits and seeds; esp. the hard fibrous sheath of grain, nuts, etc.; a glume or rind; spec. in U.S., the outer covering of an ear of maize or Indian corn.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > bract, scale, palea, or spathe > [noun]
huskc1400
hosea1450
pannicle1672
surfoil1672
squama1738
palea1753
spatha1753
pelt1759
pelta1760
spath1763
bract1771
scale1776
spathe1785
scalelet1787
glume1789
ramentum1793
rament1813
paleola1829
bracteole1830
bractlet1835
glumelle1836
palea1836
pale1847
periphyll1858
bracket1860
glumella1861
glumellule1861
lodicule1864
bract-sheath1870
palet1871
palea1875
pale1890
prophyllum1890
hypsophyll1895
pale1900
prophyll1902
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > seed > [noun] > parts of > covering or skin
pillc1300
huskc1400
shell1561
tunicle1601
parchment1682
tunic1760
seed coat1776
aril1785
testa1796
perula1825
spermoderm1841
endopleura1842
test1846
arillode1854
tegmen1857
c1400 Mandeville xxi. (1839) 188 As the Note of the Haselle hathe an Husk with outen.
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) 94 Þe macez er þe huskes of þe nutemuge.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 254/2 Huske of frute, or oþer lyke, corticillus.
1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. iii. 97 Ye huske whiche is aboute the grayn.
1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) xvii. cliv. sig. Tvii/1 Codde and an huske [a1398 BL Add. hulke] hyght Siliqua.
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Luke xv. (R.) To fil his bealie..with the verai huskes and coddes, wherwith the hogges were fedde.
1557 Bible (Whittingham) Luke xv. 16 The huskes [ Wycl., Tind., Coverd. coddis, coddes] that the swyne ate.
1631 D. Widdowes tr. W. A. Scribonius Nat. Philos. (new ed.) 36 The Chesnut..is covered with a sharpe huske, and within it hath a red huske.
1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 156 Carret seeds are like a cleft of a Coco-Nut Husk.
1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. at Verdegrease The Husks of pressed Grapes.
1830 M. Donovan Domest. Econ. I. iv. 87 The malt is parched until it has acquired a slight tinge of yellowness on the husk.
1855 H. W. Longfellow Hiawatha xiii. 176 The women who in Autumn Stripped the yellow husks of harvest.
b. The calyx or involucre of a flower. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > calyx
husk1530
impalement1672
perianthium1687
foot husk1688
calyx1693
coffin1727
vase1728
flower-cup1756
perianth1785
calyx-segment1870
hull1883
1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) ii. 210 Whyche floure yf he se yt not yet sprynge oute of the huske.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Husk, among Botanists, the Part which a Flower grows out of... Of these there are several Kinds, as bulbous or round Husks, Bottle Husks, middle Husks, Foot Husks, Hose Husks, &c.
c. Husks collectively, husky matter.
ΚΠ
1883 C. J. Wills In Land of Lion & Sun 233 By about the twenty-fourth day the wine was ready for clearing of the husk.
1883 C. J. Wills In Land of Lion & Sun 234 The sweet wine had already no husk in it.
2. Applied to animal coverings or shells:
a. The coriaceous wing-case of an insect; an elytron. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Byttel flye with a blacke huske.
b. The shell or case of a chrysalis; a cocoon. ? archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > eggs or young > [noun] > young or development of young > larva > cocoon
clew1599
cod1600
husk1600
patella1671
follicle1681
dop1700
scabbard1714
cone1774
cocoon1815
1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique iii. lxxxviii. 630 Euerie one [silkworm] shutting vp himselfe in his scale or husk, which they make and build vp in two daies.
1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler xii. 226 A good bait is the young brood of Wasps or Bees, baked or hardned in their husks . View more context for this quotation
1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 187 Several of them flew away in Gnats, leaving their husks behind them in the water floating under the surface.
1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 215 They seem cover'd, upon the upper side of them, with a small husk, not unlike the scale, or shell of a Wood-louse.
1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. xix. 355 The..chrysalis..also, in its turn, dies; its dead and brittle husk falls to pieces, and makes way for the appearance of the fly or moth.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Two Voices in Poems (new ed.) II. 116 I saw the dragon-fly Come from the wells where he did lie. An inner impulse rent the veil Of his old husk.
c. In Georgia, U.S.: an oyster shell.
3. technical. Applied to a frame of various kinds: see quots.
ΚΠ
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 100/2 Husk is a square Frame of Moulding..set over the Mantle Tree of a Chimney between two Pillasters.
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1143/1 Husk (Milling), the supporting frame of a run of millstones.
4. transferred and figurative.
a. The outside or external part of anything; mostly in depreciatory sense, the mere rough or worthless exterior, as contrasted with the substantial inner part or essence.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > extrinsicality or externality > [noun] > that which is merely external
husk1567
outside1648
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [noun] > the outside or exterior > external aspect as opposed to internal
rindeOE
barkc1374
shell1377
husk1567
cortex1660
swarth1807
without1899
1567 T. Palfreyman Baldwin's Treat. Morall Philos. (new ed.) v. vi. f. 143v That..the bitternesse and hardnes of his [Death's] roughe huske, should hynder vs from the swete taste of suche a comfortable curnell.
1644 P. Hunton Vindic. Treat. Monarchy iii. 10 A few huskes of reason.
1652 L. S. Natures Dowrie xvi. 39 Their acquiescing in God's choice should be the pith and kernel of the precept, and the setting up of a King onely the husk and shell of it.
1841 R. W. Emerson Friendship in Ess. 1st Ser. (London ed.) 202 Bashfulness and apathy are a tough husk, in which a delicate organisation is protected from premature ripening.
1861–8 J. R. Lowell Emerson in Prose Wks. (1890) I. 355 He..gave us ravishing glimpses of an ideal under the dry husk of our New England.
1887 W. H. Stone Harveian Orat. 21 The mere reproduction of the dry husks of thought termed words.
b. Applied to the human body.
ΚΠ
a1677 I. Barrow Serm. Several Occasions (1678) 251 May not our Soul..challenge a good share of our time..or shall this mortal husk engross it all?
a1818 M. G. Lewis Jrnl. W. India Proprietor (1834) 102 It is a matter of perfect indifference to me what becomes of this little ugly husk of mine, when once I shall have ‘shuffled off this mortal coil’.
c. Applied to a person. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1601 J. Marston et al. Iacke Drums Entertainm. i. sig. A4 You keepe too great a house..Yon same drie throated huskes Will sucke you vp.
1601 J. Marston et al. Iacke Drums Entertainm. iv. sig. F4 Bra. Iu...How like you the new Poet Mellidus? Bra. Sig. A slight bubling spirit, a Corke, a Huske.
d. A figure or ornament somewhat resembling a husk.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > architectural ornament > [noun] > other ornaments
pommela1300
crest1430
finial1448
balloon1592
brattishingc1593
knob1610
cartouche1611
ogive1611
fret1626
galace1663
acroterion1664
paternoster1728
semi-urn1742
patera1776
purfling1780
sailing course1807
vesica piscis (also piscium)1809
antefix1819
vesica1820
garland1823
stop1825
Aaron's rod1830
headwork1831
Vitruvian scroll1837
hip knob1838
stelea1840
ball-flower1840
notch-head1843
brandishing1846
buckle1848
cat's-head1848
bucrane1854
cresting1869
semi-ball1875
canephorus1880
crest-board1881
wave pattern1905
husk1934
foliate head1939
green man1939
1934 Burlington Mag. Oct. p. xv/2 The tablet is carved with festoons, and the frieze and jambs inlaid with festoons and pendants of husks and coloured marble.
1955 R. Fastnedge Eng. Furnit. Styles 285 Husk, with ‘honeysuckle’ ‘wheat-ear’ a favourite ornament on furniture of the Adam and Hepplewhite periods.
1971 Country Life 3 June 1356/3 The ground paint was decorated with motifs such as festoons of drapery and husks, interlacing hearts, urn patterns, and so on.

Compounds

C1. General attributive. (From 1).
a.
husk-porridge n.
ΚΠ
1851 E. B. Browning Casa Guidi Windows i. xxvi. 69 To see the people swallow hot Husk-porridge which his chartered churchmen stir.
b.
husk-like adj.
ΚΠ
1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) II. 60 Flowers with valves like grasses, and husk-like calyxes.
c. ‘In the husk’.
husk corn n.
ΚΠ
1687 S. Sewall Diary 3 Oct. (1973) I. 151 Husk Corn.
husk nut n.
ΚΠ
1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 24 Jan. 5/2 The husk nuts piled on the top.
d. (From 4d).
husk design n.
ΚΠ
1904 P. Macquoid Hist. Eng. Furnit. I. vii. 191 The sides are inlaid with the.. husk design so popular at this time.
1973 Country Life 31 May 1567 Chestnut wood window seats..the..legs..faced by well carved husk design.
husk festoon n.
ΚΠ
1770 J. Wedgwood Let. 20 Aug. in Sel. Lett. (1965) 94 First, his Majesty approved of the husk festoons in particular, and I think more so than the desert pattern.
husk ornament n.
ΚΠ
1934 Burlington Mag. Oct. 165/1 The back shows the honeysuckle, husk or catkin ornament.
1960 H. Hayward Connoisseur's Handbk. Antique Collecting 146/2 Husk ornament, an ornamental motif resembling the husk of a wheat ear used continually by architects and craftsmen during the Adam period.
husk pattern n.
ΚΠ
1876 C. Schreiber Jrnl. 14 Nov. (1911) I. 485 A good set of Wedgewood, husk pattern.
C2.
husk-hackler n. ‘a machine for tearing corn-husks into shreds for stuffing for mattresses, pillows, cushions, etc.’ (E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. 1875).

Draft additions June 2018

husk tomato n. the tomatillo plant, genus Physalis (family Solanaceae); the fruit of such a plant, which is thought to resemble a small tomato in a papery husk.
ΚΠ
1855 Weekly Argus & Democrat (Madison, Wisconsin) 13 Feb. The husk Tomato is a new and distinct variety; in looks and flavor entirely unlike the tomato in common use.
1962 E. Gibbons Stalking Wild Asparagus (1970) 102 The Ground Cherry..is a member of the Nightshade Family closely related to the tomato. It is also called Bladder Cherry, Husk Tomato, Strawberry Tomato and Dwarf Cape Gooseberry.
2013 M. Rubin Tomatoes 7 Perhaps tomatoes initially were accepted because they resembled what we know today as the tomatillo, or husk tomato, which is..thought to have been native to Mexico.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

huskn.2

Brit. /hʌsk/, U.S. /həsk/
Etymology: In sense 1 of uncertain origin; possibly < husk n.1: compare also husk v.2; in sense 2 apparently a back-formation < husky adj.1 4.
1. A disease affecting cattle: see quots.
ΚΠ
a1722 E. Lisle in J. Britten Old Country & Farming Words (E.D.S.) (1880) Gloss. Observ. Husb. 62 Hassacks, a disease affecting the throat. The result of worms in the bronchial tubes; called also Husk, Hosk, and Hoose.
1756 F. Nicholls in Philos. Trans. 1755 (Royal Soc.) 49 247 The husk..is a disease, to which bullocks are very subject, while young... The creature is seized with a short dry cough, by which he is perpetually teized.
1787 G. Winter New Syst. Husbandry 230 Some of my hogs..were affected with a violent cough vulgarly called the husk.
1828 Sporting Mag. 22 210 In oxen, sheep and swine, the disorders called the foul, the rot, and the husk will be perpetuated from generation to generation.
1892 Wiltsh. Co. Mirror 5 Aug. 1/6 Mixture for Pigs..intended to cure Colds, Lameness, Husk, Worms.
2. Huskiness.
ΚΠ
1816 T. L. Peacock Headlong Hall i. 10 Clearing the husk in his throat with two or three hems.
1887 Daily News 23 July 6/7 [It] brings a husk to the father's voice as they shake hands in a last ‘good-bye’.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

huskn.3

Obsolete.
the dogfish: see huss n.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

huskadj.

Brit. /hʌsk/, U.S. /həsk/
Etymology: Apparently a back-formation < husky: but compare hask adj.
British regional.
Dry, parched; = husky adj.1
ΚΠ
1847–78 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words Husk..(3) Dry; parched. Linc.

Compounds

husk-voiced adj.
ΚΠ
1876 S. Lanier Clover in Poems 24 Nor Dick husk-voiced upbraids The sway-back'd roan.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

huskv.1

Brit. /hʌsk/, U.S. /həsk/
Etymology: < husk n.1
transitive. To remove the husk from, to deprive of the husk. Also transferred and figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > uncovering > uncover or remove covering from [verb (transitive)] > strip or make bare > strip of outer layer > strip of skin, husk, or bark
bipilc1230
unrinda1382
slipe?c1390
hull1398
pill1440
husk1562
flay1574
unhusk1598
decorticate1611
depilate1620
rind1623
excorticate1657
disbark1659
1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 57v The germanes husk millet and eat it with milk.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 567 Pistores were those..who husked and cleansed the bearded red wheat.
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 53 Pepper..when dried it is black, and husked white.
1737 J. Edwards Wks. (1834) I. 363/1 The children were..husking Indian corn.
1856 F. L. Olmsted Journey Slave States 42 The maize is afterwards husked in the field, at leisure.
1878 B. F. Taylor Between Gates 182 The rough dresses of the men..out of which they husk themselves.
1880 I. L. Bird Unbeaten Tracks Japan I. 138 They are husking rice, a very laborious process.
1892 R. Kipling Barrack-room Ballads 199 Go husk this whimpering thief..: Winnow him out 'twixt star and star, and sieve his proper worth.
1910 C. E. Mulford Hopalong Cassidy xviii. 110 He determined to husk Meeker's body from its immortal soul.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

huskv.2

Brit. /hʌsk/, U.S. /həsk/
Etymology: Goes with husk n.2
1. intransitive. Of cattle: To cough as when suffering from the ‘husk’. local.
ΚΠ
1848 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 9 ii. 354 They [bullocks] were all observed to husk soon after being purchased.
2. intransitive. Of the voice: to be or to become husky.
Π
1922 H. Titus Timber xxix. 254 Her voice husked for the first time.
1958 Sunday Times 29 June 11/1 The birds sing louder than the crooner husking from the loudspeaker.

Derivatives

husking n.
Π
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 133 Sicknesse of the Loonges is..a short husking, and thrusting out the tongue withall.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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